Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2011; 27(4)

Editorial

Muammer ELMAS — 2011-12-01

Seals and baitarnames

Ali Yiğit, Aşkın Yaşar — 2011-12-01

Aim: By examining the seals that exist especially in handwritten baitarnames, what is aimed at by this study is to contribute to the road map of the manuscripts after they were written or copied. Materials and Methods: The resources of the study consisted of the seals in 32 of 46 baitarnames that exist in various libraries, related published material in Turkish and in foreign languages and Internet resources. The pieces of writing on the seals were translated into Turkish. In terms of the history of veterinary medicine, the data that are on the seals have been evaluated within the boundaries of the manuscript in which they exist. The seals were categorized into Arabic, Persian and Turkish in addition to their grouping based on ownership by foundation, person and library. Results: It was found out that there were seals in most (32) of the baitarnames examined (46). It was also found out that 20 of the seals belonged to foundations; 11 belonged to libraries and 9 of them were personal seals; in the linguistic examination, it was identified that 23 seals were in Arabic and 17 were in Turkish. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that libraries and foundations have functioned as a shelter in carrying manuscripts to today and the examination of seals in manuscripts will contribute to the formation of catalogue data along with the information regarding the locations where these works are frequently visited and protected.

The possible usage of konjac gum in ice-cream production

K. Kaan Tekinşen, Ahmet Güner, Gürkan Uçar — 2011-12-01

Aim: This investigation was done to determine the effect of konjac gum and combination of the konjac gum with carragenan and xanthan gum the possible usage on the ice-cream production. Materials and Methods: In the research, the control group was formed using only salep with 0.8% and five experimental groups were formed as; only konjac gum with 0.35% and addition of the carragenan and xanthan gum with 10% and 20% proportions of the konjac gum. Analysis of the ice cream mixes before the production and ice cream samples after the production at 1, 15 and 30th day of the storage period were done. Results: Addition of xanthan gum to konjac gum at 10% and 20% reduced the pH value of the ice-cream mix (p<0.05). Viscosity values of the ice-cream mix were found higher (p<0.001) in only konjac gum and konjac gum with the other stabilizers. Addition of 10% carragenan and 10% xanthan gum increased overrun value of ice-cream mix like as seen in mix with salep. First dropping and complete melting time of the ice-cream with only konjac gum and konjac gum having the other stabilizers were found higher (p<0.001). Konjac gum and konjac gum with other stabilizers improved (p<0.001) the colour-appearance, structureconsistency and taste-smell characteristics of the ice-cream. Conclusion: Konjac gum and/or combination of konjac gum with carragenan and xanthan gum at the 10% and 20% levels on the ice-cream production could be an alternative to the salep.

Supplementation of dairy cows with bovine somatotropin or omega-3 rich fish oil affects the endometrial expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

2011-12-01

Aim: The study objectives were to determine whether dietary supplementation with long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the form of enriched fish oil (FO) for 90 days or treatment with bovine somatotropin (bST) at the time of ovulation and 11 days post-ovulation influenced PPAR expression and activation in bovine endometrium in Holstein cows. Materials and Methods: Non-lactating cows were assigned to one of four treatments: cyclic, cyclic-bST, pregnant or pregnant-bST. Lactating cows were assigned to one of six treatments: cyclic, cyclic-bST, pregnant, pregnant-bST, cyclic-FO or cyclic-FO-bST. Results: Northern and Western blot analyses indicated that PPARα and PPARδ, but not PPARγ, are expressed in endometrium from all cows at day 17 post-ovulation. Treatment with bST is associated with increased PPARδ mRNA abundance in pregnant but not cyclic cows, suggesting that the effect may be mediated by the embryo. Increased abundances of PPARα mRNA are observed in response to bST during pregnancy in lactating cows but not in non-lactating cows, highlighting the importance of lactation status in determining bST response. Fish oil supplementation is associated with reduced PPARδ mRNA abundance, but did not affect steady-state PPARα mRNA abundance. PPARδ protein is expressed in the luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, subepithelial stroma and to a lesser extent in the adluminal stroma. Anti-PPARδ reactivity is reduced in response to bST and fish oil treatments in pregnant cows. Conclusion: bST and fish oil treatments affect endometrial PPARα and PPARδ expression in lactating dairy cows.

The effect of milk urea nitrogen on milk composition in Holstein dairy cows

Tugay Ayaşan, Hatice Hızlı, Ertan Yazgan — 2011-12-01

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of milk urea nitrogen on milk composition. Materials and Methods: According to their milk urea nitrogen (1. Group: x<22.73 mg/dL; 2. Group: x>22.73 mg/ dL), the Holstein cows were divided into two groups as 36 animals per group. Results: In the experiment, milk urea nitrogen were affected solids-non-fat, density and urea significantly (p<0.05); a significant correlation (r=0.140, p<0.045) was recorded between milk urea nitrogen and solids non fat and density (r=0.186, p<0.007). Conclusion: The findings obtained from in this study are important that in terms of to reveal effects of milk urea nitrogen on milk composition and to be used as a source prospective investigations.

Status of infectious bursal disease in broilers

M. Bashir Uddin, Nur Alam, Mohammad Atikuzzaman, M. Mukter Hossain — 2011-12-01

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine prevalence, mortality, morbidity and pathological changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broilers in Nilphamari district of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Fifty broiler farms of Nilphamari district were suspected for IBD. Study was carried out during the period of May 9 to June 17, 2010. The major macroscopic pathological lesions observed in this study were hemorrhages on thigh and breast muscles, kidneys were found swollen and principal lesions were in the bursa of Fabricious which appeared inflamed, edematous, hyperemic and finally hemorrhagic and atrophied. Results: Total prevalence, mortality and morbidity rates were 8.42, 6.38% and 1.37%, respectively. Four weeks old broilers were highly susceptible to IBD (44%) followed by 3rd week (26%) and 5th week (24%) and no clinical case was found positive for IBD in first two weeks of age. Conclusion: This study will stimulate our interest and throw new light on the level of disease episodes prevailing at present in the Nilphamari district of Bangladesh.

Seroprevalence and pathological investigation of salmonellosis in poultry

2011-12-01

Aim: Aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella along with pathological investigation in poultry. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 birds were selected randomly for collection of serum for serum plate agglutination test and 28 samples were collected from suspected birds for gross and histopathological study. Serum plate agglutination test was performed for detection of seroprevalence and routine histopathological method was used. Results: Out of 200 samples, 76 birds were Salmonellapositive giving the overall seroprevalence of 38.0%. Various macroscopically and microscopically pathologic lesions observed especially in the liver (haemorrhage, necrotic foci, heterophil infiltration) and intestine (goblet cell proliferation). Conclusion: Further studies are need for the determination of the presence of Salmonella infection in farms of Bangladesh.

Antibiotic resistances of enterococci isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis

Yahya Kuyucuoğlu — 2011-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistances of enterococci species isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 392 CMT positive milk samples were collected from dairy farms in Afyonkarahisar. Typing of enterococcus species were performed using API 20 Strep, subsequently, antibiotic sensitivities were determined by disk diffusion method according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results: A total of 43 isolated enterococci, involved in bovine mastitis. The majority of isolates were E. faecalis (53.4%), followed by E. faecium (18.6%). The remaining 12 (27.9%) strains could not be classified. This study observed that the highest percentage of resistance by E. faecalis were to tetracycline (91.3%), erythromycin (82.6%) and penicillin (78.2%). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant E. faecalis, E. faecium and other Enterococci species isolated from CMT positive milk samples. Resistance to antibiotics in enterococci is becoming a concern for human and environmental health.

Determination of zeranol and trenbolone residues in tissue samples of cattle

Firdevs Mor, Fatma Şahindokuyucu, Kürşat Kav, Afşin Köker — 2011-12-01

Aim: In this study, the presence of zeranol and trenbolon in liver, kidney and meat samples marketed in Burdur between January and November in 2009. Materials and Methods: The presence of zeranol and trenbolon was investigated by ELISA in 30 liver, kidney and meat samples obtained from slaughterhouse. Results: Out of 30 liver samples analyzed, 3 (10%) samples had 100-150 ng/kg, 7 samples (23.3%) had 151-200 ng/kg and 19 samples (63.3%) had 201-500 ng/kg zeranol. Out of 30 kidney samples tested, 4 samples (13.3%) had 100- 150 ng/kg, 5 samples (16.6%) had 151-200 ng/kg and 21 samples (70%) had 201-500 ng/kg zeranol. Out of 30 meat samples tested, 4 samples (13.3%) had 100-150 ng/kg, 5 samples (16.6%) had 151-200 ng/kg and 2 samples (6.6%) had had 201-500 ng/kg zeranol. In terms of trenbolon, 1 liver sample (3.3%) carried 100-150 ng/kg, 15 liver samples (50%) carried 151-200 ng/kg and 14 liver samples (46.6%) carried 201-500 ng/kg trenbolon. In kidney samples, 2 of them had 100-150 ng/kg, 4 samples had 151-200 ng/kg and 24 samples had 201-500 ng/kg trenbolon. Three meat samples had 50-100 ng/kg, 21 meat samples had 100-150 ng/kg and 6 samples had 151-200 ng/kg trenbolone. Conclusion: It is stated that levels of zeranol and trenbolone need to be confirmed by confirmation tests and anabolizan levels determined in the study can be hazardous for public health.

Prevalence of Fasciola sp. infection in ruminants

2011-12-01

Aim: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola sp. infection in ruminants of different species, age groups and in seasons. Materials and Methods: Faecal samples were collected during four seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) from Kishoregonj district of Bangladesh. Animals were divided into species and ages (<2 years and >2 years). Native and sedimentation techniques were used to determine the eggs. Results: Out of the 6220 ruminants, 2319 were infected (37%) with Fasciola sp. The infection rate was highest in buffaloes (44.49%) then cattle (37.90%), goat (32%) and lowest was recorded in sheep (30.91%). Maximum rate of infection was recorded (p<0.05) in autumn (47.34%) and lowest rate was recorded in summer (26.96%). Fasciola sp. was observed higher in older animals (39.63%) than younger (33.95%). Conclusion: This result therefore calls for an improved disease control and adequate sanitation programme for ruminants.

Surgical management of some congenital anomalies in ruminants

Kamal El-Din Hussein — 2011-12-01

Aim: A survey was undertaken to analyze the congenital anomalies in ruminants recorded at in the veterinary college teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 cases (21 atresia ani, 11 atresia recti, 5 atresia ani et recti, 11 urethral dilatation, 2 contracted tendon, 1 hypospadias, 1 supernumerary limb, 3 dermoid cyst, 1 cyclopia, 2 persistent urachus) of congenital malformations were evaluated. Results: A total of 56 congenital malformation cases were operated. Conclusion: The development of these congenital malformations, their effect on the animal life and the different surgical interventions were discussed.

Investigation of Enterobius vermicularis contamination in playgrounds and public transportation vehicles

Cansu Dedeoğlu, Esma Kozan — 2011-12-01

The aim of this research was to investigate Enterobius vermicularis contamination in playgrounds and public transportation vehicles in Afyonkarahisar province. The research was conducted in randomly selected 38 public transportation vehicles providing service in the city centre and in randomly selected 9 playgrounds. E. vermicularis eggs were not detected in any of the 126 samples taken from the playgrounds using the cellophane tape method. On the other hand, the examination of the 150 samples taken from public transportation vehicles by the same method demonstrated the presence of E. vermicularis eggs in 2 (1.33%) of the samples. It was concluded that public transportation vehicles may play a role in the transmission of E. vermicularis. Therefore, hygiene conditions should be improved in public areas.