Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2002; 18(3-4)

Fetal Sex Determination in Cattle by Means of Real-Time B-Mode Ultrasonography

D. Ali Dinç, SaitŞendağ, H. Ahmet Çelik, İbrahim Aydın, Seyit Ümütlü, Faruk Aral — 2002-04-01

The objective of this study was to determined the fetal sex by ultrasound. Study was carried out in 115 pregnant heifers and cows between the days 55 to 120. The animals were groupped according to pregnancy days: group I (55 to 70); group II (71 to 90); group III (91 to 120) days of gestation. Ultrasound examinations were done Iransrectally using a real-time. B-mode, scanner equipped with a 5-7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Examinations were done only once in each animal and the examination time was limited to 15 minutes. Fetal sex was able to be obtained in 74 out of 115 animals. True and false diagnosis rate ol fetal sex in 74 cases was 78.4 % and 21.6 %, respectively. Accuracy rate in group I, II, III was 73.3 %, 82.4 % and 80 %. It was concluded that, ultrasound confirmation ol the fetal sex was 78.4%. Stage of the pregnancy and fetal position are influence in determination of fetal sex. Repeat or extented examination of lime was needed in the case of inappropriate fetal position. Determination of fetal sex was not acceptable in progressive pregnancy (91-120. pregnancy days).

The Quality of the White Pickled Cheese in Konva Region

Saliha Altın, O Cenap Tekinşen — 2002-04-01

This investigation was carried out to determine the quality of white pickled cheese produced and consumed in Konya. Samples ol ten different companies were obtained from some retail markets. Fatty types cheese samples were randomly collected three times by monthly intervals. The average colony forming unit of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, coliform bacteria. Staphylococcus spp.. Lactobacillus spp.. yeast and mould were determined as 1.60 x 1O0 clu/g, 1.75 x 10s cfu/ g, 1.69 x 103 cfu/g, 2.68 x 107 cfu/ g and 2.46 x 105 cfu/ g respectively. The average values moisture . dry matter, lat in dry matter, salt in dry matter, lactic acid and pH were found as 58.69 %. 41,10 %, 42.44 %, 8.36 %, and 4.65 accordingly. The average points ol flavour, texture. appereance, colour and general acceptance were 35.95, 23.91, 11.42. 8,48 respectively and sampled had on average 79.76 point. Of samples 60 % lor coliform bacteria. 66.66 % for yeast and mould and 20 % for moisture and dry matter, 76,70 % for fat in dry matter, 10 % tor salt in dry matter, 36.6 % for pH were lound to be not convenient to White Cheese Standard, It is concluded that a standard manufacturing techniques has not been used for Ihe production of white pickled cheeses consumed in Konya and /or they are not effectively controlled in Ihe production and consumption.

Penicillin Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Mastitic Milk Samples

Uçkun Sait Uçan, Emine Asian — 2002-04-01

Coagulase activity, Bet a-lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility of the Staphylococcus strains isolated Irom mastitic udders of cows from Konya District were evaluated in this study. Seventy five (92.6 %) S.aureus and 6 strains (7.4%) S.intermedius were identified. Of S.aureus strains, 49 (65.3%) were lound to be (i-!aktamase positive. The corresponding value for the S.intermedius was 2 (33.3%). Eight (10,6%) ol the Saureus and 4 (66.7%) of the S.intermedius strains were observed to be susceptible to all antibiotics tested. One of the S.aureus strains was observed to have resistance to meticillin. All ol the strains (100%) showed susceptibility to Danofloxacin. Degrees of the antibiotic susceptibility by the strains as follows: ampicillin+sulbactam and meticillin (98.8% each) oxacillin and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (97.5% each), cloxacillin (96.3%). amoxicillin (22.2%) ve penicillin G (14.8%).

Some Haematological Parameters in Partridges (Allectoris gracea) Bred in Konya

Ercan Keskin, Ramazan Çöl, Tufan Keçeci, Hüdai İpek, Feyyaz Önder — 2002-04-01

This study was conducted to determine of some haematological parameters in partridges (Alİectoris gracea) which were bred in Konya region. The healthy 80 patridges which were different age and sex were used as material in the investigation. The blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture. In this investigation, red blood cell counts (BBC), haemoglobin concentrations (Hb). haematocnt values (Hmt) and white blood cell counts (WBC) of male and female chicks were found to be 2.87x10⁶ /mm³ , 10.15 g/dl. 34,23 %, 19.50x10³ /mm³ and 2.49x10⁶ /mm³ , 10.30 g/dl, 33.00 %, 19.25x10³ /mm³ , respectively The same values of male and lemale young patridges were determined to be 2.15x10⁶ / mm3, 11,08 g/dl, 32.20 %, 20.00x10³ /mm³ and 2,04x10⁶ /mm³ , 10,91 g/dl, 35.00 %. 23.83x10³ /mm³ , respectively. Furthermore. these parameters of adult male and female palridges were found to be 2.19x10⁶ /mm³ , 11.72 g/dl, 36.20 %, 20.80x103 /mm³ and 2.23x10⁶ /mm³ . 10.57 g/dl. 34.00 %. 21,00x10³ /mm³ , respectively. In general, there were no Significant differences in the investigated parameters between male and female partridges. On the other hand, although the white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of the chicks and the lymphocyte percentage of the adult were lower. Ihe red blood cell count of the chicks was higher amount when compared to the same values of young partridges. In addition, while the basophil percentage of adults was higher, the monocyte percentage was lower than other groups. Based on results, it was concluded thai some haematological values were influenced by age differences of Ihe patridges and the data obtained in the study could be useful to establish some baseline values about haematological parameters in the different ages of male and lemale partridges.

Fattening Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Akkaraman Lambs at Different Slaughter Weights

Emine Hesna Şahin, Ali Akmaz — 2002-04-01

This study was carried out to investigate the fattening performance and carcass traits of Akkaraman male lambs at slaughter weight of 35, 40. 45 and 50 kg. The material of the research consisted of 55 Akkaraman male lambs aging from 2.5 to 3 months old with an average body weight of 21 kg. Dunng the experiments lambs were ted with wheat hay (100 g /head/day) and consantrates ad libitum. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The period acquired lor reaching live weights, average daily gains at the fattening period and feed/gain ratios were found as 70.31 day. 199.74 g and 6,17 kg for 35 kg; 87.36 day, 224.30 g and 5.77 kg (or 40 kg; 108.14 day, 225.34 g and 6.12 kg for 45 kg; 134.07 day, 216.37 g and 6.62 kg tor 50 kg, respectively. The carcasses were seperated into five major cuts including leg, shoulder, back, loin and others. To determine carcass composition, shoulder cuts were dissected. The cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, the ratios of teg, shoulder, loin and tail fal weights were tound as 16.18 kg, 46.33%, 30.14%, 15.17%, 6.42% and 16.18% for 35 kg; 18.18 kg, 46,02%, 29.42%, 14.57%, 6.70% and 15.60% lor 40 kg; 21.28 kg. 47.25%, 28.26%, 14.12%, 6.25% and 17.78% lor 45 kg; 25.72 kg, 51.58%, 27.12%, 13,43%, 6.79% and 21.41% lor 50 kg respectively. The percentages of lean, fat and bone at shoulder cuts were found as 65.07%, 14.33% and 20,60% for 35 kg; 65.33%, 13.31% and 21.36% (or 40 kg; 64.09%, 15.62% and 20.29% for 45 kg; 61.83%, 18.77% and 19.40% for 50 kg respectively. As a result; slaughter weight of 45 kg show the maximum values about the investigated characteristics than the other slaughters group was found.

The Importance of Dietary Magnesium Sulphate for Prophylaxis of Parturient Paresis in Cow with High Milk Production

M. Ali Bostancı, Mahmut Ok — 2002-04-01

The aim ol this study is to search for changing of acid- base balance, Ca⁺⁺ , Mg⁺⁺ and P⁺ levels, when MgS0₄ is added to the ration for last penod of pregnancy in cows. Thus, understanding of importance of this material for prophylaxis in parturient paresis. As a material, 18 cows which will have given a birth within 20 and 30 days, have been used. The animals are divided 3 groups (each group include 6 animals). First group, the cows has been used as a control, 11, group animals which will have given a birth within 20 days, has been used. These animals were led with 126 gr MgS0₄ which was added in the ration. III. Group animals which will have given a birth within 1 month . These animals are fed with 126 gr MgSO₄ which was added in the ration. Compare with same samples times have been evaluated of each groups, there is significantly decrease lor HC0₃ - (p<0.05) levels between group I and III for 4th and 6th sampled. There is statistically decrease for BE levels( p<0,05. p<0.005) in the group I, grup II and group III for plasma samples which are collected 3^rd , 4^rd , 5^th , 6^th and after to given a birth, There is significantly increase for plasma ICa⁺⁺ level (p<0.05, p<0.005) between group 1 and group II considered for collection of 5th and 6th sampled. Similar result were taken between group I and III (p<0.05, p<0.005) considered for collection of 3^rd , 4^rd , 5^th and 6^th sampled period. Total serum Ca⁺⁺ levels (p<0.05, p<0.005) also show statistically differences between group I and group II for 5^th , 6^th and after to given a birth sampled period, comparasion study show that there-is differences between group I and III collection of 4^rd , 5^th ,6^th and after to given a birth sampled period lime. In case of this result, there is significatly decrease for P⁺ (p<0.05)levels between group I and III for 5^th and 6^th sampled during the study. But also there is significatly decrease for K⁺ (p<0.05)levels between group 1 and III for 6th and after to given a birth sampled period time. Magnesium sulphate which is added lo the ration last period of cow pregnancy period, is help to stimulate increasing of plasma TCa⁺⁺ and ICa⁺⁺ levels statisticaly significantly. This result is indicate that parturient paresis could be prevented by adding magnesium sulphate in the ration within the last period of cow pregnancy period.

Historical Developments in Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry in Türkey

Rahşan Öztürk — 2002-04-01

Drug applications in veterinary medicine were introduced with the domestication of animals. Although drug applications in modem sense started with the establishment of first veterinary school in 1842, no industrial initiative was taken place during Ottoman period. The basis of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Industry was set up in the middle of the 20th century with the introduction of industrial drug production. The aim of this study was to fulfil to need in this aspect and to provide data for future studies. In addition to provision of original document and analysis of historical methodology, a questionnaire survey was applied II has been concluded thai the veterinary pharmacentical industry in Turkey my acquire a similar quality to western models by means of arrangements in Ihe light of EU directives and complementary requirements may be performed repidly.

A Study on Staphylococcal Mastitis in Cows

Ali Rişvanlı, Cahit Kalkarı — 2002-04-01

In this study, prevalence of Staphylococcal mastitis was investigated in the cows. A total of 1249 cows aged between 2-16 served as subjects. Presence of staphlococcal mastitis was determined by clinical examination. CMT and microbiological tests. In the conclusion, the rate of Staphylococcal mastitis was found to be 82,02% in this study. The bacteria causing this kind ol mastitis. Staph, aureus, occupied the most important part at the rate of 73,78%. Besides. Staphylococcal mastitis were determined at the minimum rate of 73.44% in the animals at the first lactation and 61.60% in the summer time. The rate of this kind of mastitis was found at maximum in the age group of 5-8 (85.15%), in the hand milking animals (82.74%). Tere is no (statistically difference as to lactation period, animal breeds and milk yield.

The Effect of GnRH and Simultaneous GnRH and PGF2α Treatment of Dairy Cows with Ovarian Cysts

Hüseyin Erdem, Tevfik Tekeli, Mehmet Uçar, Mustafa Yenice — 2002-04-01

In this study, Ihe effects ol GnRH, and combination of GnRH and PGF2α hormones were investigated in the treatment ol ovarian cysts. Fourteen Holstein cows in postpartum having ovarian cysts on the days of 45-150 were selected by rectal palpation and ultrasonography from 270 Holstein cows. The cows with ovarian cysts were subjected to 2 rectal palpations 10 days apart. Following this ultrasonographic examinations were performed. In addılıon to these, plasma progesterone levels were also determined for detecting the effectiveness of treatment which would provide differential diagnosis of cysts at the time of injection day (0) and thereafter at days 3, 7 and 14. Fourteen cows with cystic ovaries were divided inlo two groups in equal numbers for the treatment. Twenty µg buserelin (GnRH) were injected to (he group I. and 20 jig buserelin (GnRH) and 25 mg dinoprost (PGF2α) to the group II 71.4 % of the cows were responded to the treatment and become pregnant in both groups. The time interval between the treatment-first estrous in the group I and II were 16.4+2.75 and 11.4+2.75 days (P>0 05), and the lime interval between the treatment-conception were 53+9.43 and 58.8±19.15 days (P>0.05), res-peciively. Average number of inseminations required per conception in both groups of animals was 1 4. As a result, Ihe present study suggests thai treatment of ovarian cysts with simultaneous GnRH and PGF2α were noi significant compared to GnRH alone based on Ihe findings of concerning about treatmenMirst estrous and treatment-conception intervals. It was found that simultaneous GnRH and PGF2α treatment had no effect lo alter the effects of each drug. In addition to these, determining the plasma progesteron levels was found useful for evaluation of the effectiveness ot the treatment.

Serum Selenium Levels in Brucellosis

Zeki Aras, Uçkun Sait Uçan — 2002-04-01

In this study. 29 human serum samples from Van (Başkale) province and 12 cattle serum samples from Konya were used. Titer determination ol brucella positive serum samples was carried out using Serum Agglutination Tesl pre-ceeded by Rose Bengal Plale Test. Serum trace element concentrations were determined by ICP-AES, There were significant differences between serum selenium levels of the healthy and diseased human as well as cattle. Serum Selenium levels in healthy groups of human and Cattle were found 59.85 + 1.94 mg/L ve 2 .58 + 0.25 mg/L, respectively while corresponding levels in the diseased groups 36.18+ 1.94 mg/L and 1.35 ±0.12 mg/L (p<0.05).

Bacteriological Examination of the Udder Samples Collected from Sheep and Goats Slaughtered at a Local Abattoir in Elazığ

H. Basri Gülcü, Hasan Öngör — 2002-04-01

In this study. 133 udder lobes from 89 mastitic sheep and 67 from 40 mastitic goats slaughtered at a local abattoir in Elazığ, were collected for bacteriological examination. The agenis isolated and identified from the udder lobes of the sheep were Staphylococcus aureus (24.06%). Escherichia coli (10.53%), Actinomyces pyogenes (7,52%). Streptococcus uberis (7.52%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (6.01%), Streptococcus agalactiae (5.26%), Staphylococcus epıdermidis (3.76 %) and Mannheimia haemolytica (3.76 %). The agents isolated and identified from the udder lobes of the goats were Staphylococcus aureus (25,37%), Escherichia coli (8.96%), Staphylococcus epıdermıdis (7.46 %). Streptococcus agalactiae (7.46%), Actinomyces pyogenes (7.46%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5,97%), Streptococcus ubens (2.99%) and Mannheimia haemolytica (2.99 %)

Effect of Hot Smoking on the Quality of Vimba (Vimba vimba tenella)

Abdullah Diler, Behire Işıl Işıklı, Ahmet Güner, Yusuf Doğruer — 2002-04-01

In this investigation, it was aimed to determine the effects of hot smoking on the chemical, microbiological and organoleptical quality characteristics of Eğrez Fish (Vimbia vimbia tenella). For this purpose, the fish was dipped in brine (containing 17% NaCI) for twelve hours, and then they were smoked at 30C for 1/2 hour, and one hour at 50°C and atone hour at 80nC afterwards they were vacuum packaged and slored at 4 ±1° C, Smoked fish were analyzed for chemical, microbiological and organoleptical on the 7^. 14* 21=', 28th, and 43ra. On the other hand the fish were analyzed for determining some chemical and microbiological charactersitics before and after salting, important increases were seen in the ash and salt content and TBA value of fish after salting process (p<0,001, p<0.01}, Following the smoking process, moisture, fat, protein, and ash content of smoked fish showed differences in important degrees related to raw and salted fish (p<0.001, p<0.05). After salting process, it was determined that Micrococcus - Staphylococcus were increased (p<0.001) although total mesophilic aerobic and coliform bacteria count were decreased (pcO.OOl, p<0.05). Related to smoking process, total mesophilic aerobic count increased (p<0.001) eventhough Micrococcus- Staphylococcus and yeast-mould counts decreased (pcO.OOl). It was determined that sensory properties ol the samples were found acceptable to consume nearly 43 days period eventhough microbiological numbers of the samples were higher than values staled in the standard. In conclusion, with application of hot smoking process a product alternate to raw consume of Eğrez fish was obtained with different taste and aroma and stored safely at 4ºC for 43 days.

Synchronization of Oestrus in Different Sheep Breeds by Progesterone+eCG and Investigation of Cholesterol and Progesterone Levels

2002-04-01

In this study, florogestone acetate+eCG were administered in different sheep breeds to synchronize oestrus in breeding season. Reproductive parameters, cholesterol and progesterone levels of pregnant animals were also investigated. Fifty-nine animals (15 Akkaraman, 18 Dağlıç, 14 Awassi, 12 Chios) reared in the Research Center of Afyon Kocatepe University were used. The control group (n:29) were checked for oestrus by teaser rams and mated. The sponges containing 40 mg florogestone acetate were inserted into the vagina and kept for 14 days in the treatment group (n:30). Upon removal of the sponges. eCG was injected intramuscularly (Chios 500 IU, other breeds 600 IU). The animals were checked lor oestrus and mated at 48-52. hours after eCG injection. The blood samples were collected from the animals to deietmine the cholesterol and progesterone levels before Ihe insemination (two times), on Day 45, 90 and 135 of the pregnancy and on Day 10 after parturition. The oestrus occurrences were 100.0% in both control and treatment groups. The differences in pregnancy rate among different breeds were not significant, however the lambing rate in Chios was significantly high in both groups (p<0.05). Cholesterol levels were 67.15±2.35-72.26±2.50 mg/dl prior to pregnancy, 64,86±1.63mg/dl on Day 45, 50.07z2.07mg/dl on Day 90, 62.69+1.63mg/dl on Day 135 of gestation and 46.74+1.06mg/dl on Day 10 after parturition. Progesterone concentration was observed to be higher in Chios than that of the others before the insemination. The differences in the progesterone levels appeared to be significant in the later stage of pregnancy (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between progesterone and cholesterol, except in the second stage before the insemination. A poaitivecorrelatton was alsa detected between the number of lambs and choleslerol-progesterone levels. it was concluded that the progesterone+eCG appncauon during oestrus season had no advanlage in diHerent sheep breeds. Cholesterol corcentranon was not effectedby Ihe gestation period and the number of lambs. Progesterone levels were significantly differenl at every stage of gestation. The results aıso snowed that Ihe posınve coııelalion between cholesterol and progesterone levels may not give any idea about pregnancy stage and number of lambs because of the many other taeters effecting cholesterol concenlration.

Clinical, Laboratory and Histopathologica Investigation of the Protective Effect of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on Experimentally Induced Various Types of Intestinal Strangulation Obstruction in Dogs

Cengiz Ceylan, Yılmaz Koç — 2002-04-01

The aim of this study ıs lo evaluate the protective effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a scavenger of hydroxyl radical, on the experimentally induced ischemia reperfusion injury by two different intestinal strangulation obstruction in dogs. A total of 24 dogs were used and divided into 4 groups, each group having 6 dogs. The dogs in groups 1 and 2 were subjected to 1 hour ol no flow ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion, and then, for Ihe treatment ol animals at the beginning of reperfusion, group 1 was treated with 0.9% NaCI 15 ml/kg), and the Olher with 20% DMSO (1 g/kg) The dogs in groups 3 and 4 were subjected lo 24 hours of low How ischemia and t hour ot reperfusion, and then, tor Ihe treatment of animals at the beginning of reperfusion. group 3 was treaied with 0.9% NaCI (5 ml/kg), and Ihe other wilh 20% DMSO (1 g/kg) To carry out no flow (aperfusion) ischemia the jeiunal artery and vein of the distal jejunum close to ileum were clamped completely wilh Bulldog clamps in groups 1 and 2. To carry out the low flow ischemia (hipoperfusion) the vessels mentioned above were iigated to decrease blood flow about 50% in groups 3 and 4 The distal jejunal segment was also ligated with Penrose drains in its proximal and distal ends 20-30 cm apart tor luminal occlusion in all animals. Blood, peritoneal fluid and intestinal biopsy samples were collected both before ischemia and after ischemia and reperfusion. Complete blood count, oxygen status, acid-base, electrolyte and glucose levels in blood were measured, and lactic acid level in peritoneal fluid was also measured. Moreover, intestinal mucosal damage was also determined based on Chiu's standard scale. One hour after reperfusion, statistically significant improvements were observed (P<0,05) on pH. PC0₂ , P0₂ , 0₂ saluration and lactic acid level in animals treated wilh DMSO in comparison with NaCI treated animals. It was concluded that DMSO provided an incomplete healing, and that use of DMSO itself could not be sufficient on the ischemia reperfusion injury in the intestines.

Pathological and Bacteriological Examination ot' Pneumonia in Beef Cattle

İhsan Yaman, Hasan Basn Gülcü — 2002-04-01

In this study, the lungs ot 1216 various breeds of beet cattle aged 6-24 months slaughtered in Elazığ Gunet slaughterhouse were examined macroscopicatly for pneumonia on the dates ot December 2001- February 2002. Pneumonias were determined in the 149 (12.25%) lungs which had been examined Microscopically, pneumonias were classified as tollows: interstitial pneumonia (36 24%), catarrhal-puruleni bronchopneumonia (27.52%), libnnous bronchopneumonia (16.11%), necrotic bronchopneumonia with abscessalion (8.72%l and verminous pneumonia (i 1.41%). In the bacteriological investigation, pure or mix bacteria izolation were made in 32.21% ot pneumonia lungs. There was no bacterial isolation in 67.79% ol pneumonia lungs. As a result of bacterial isolation, S. aureus was the most common microorganism (14.76%), and it followed by Corynebactertum spp. (7 38%)

A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Hen

İhsan Yaman, Mine Yaman, Harun Özer — 2002-04-01

35 g weight and 3 x 2.5 X 2 cm dimension, a solid, non stem tumoral mass was observed in skin of the neck in a hen. Superficial ulcer and hemorrhage on the tumor and in addition to hemorrhage, circumferential, gray-white, and transparent points in the cross section were seen. Poorly and well-differentiated sites were determined in the histopathological examination. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic examination, it was found that the primer source of the tumor was squamous cell carcinoma.