Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2002; 18(1-2)

Major Mechanisms Maintaining the Regulation of Hemostasis

Ramazan Çöl, Zafer Durgun — 2002-01-01

Hemostasis may be defined as the process that prevents blood loos from sites of vascular disruption. Normal hemostasis is maintained by a delicate balance between the procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanism, distruplion of this balance can lead to either excessive bleeding or to clot formation. This review presents information about a series complex mechanisms divided into two groups as primer and secondary hemostasis.

Bovine Lcucosis in a Dairy Cow: a Case Report

Sibel Yavru, Mehmet Kale, Atilla Şimşek, Oya Bulut — 2002-01-01

In this study, Bovino Leucosis (BL) infection in five-years old Holsteln breed cow was investigated clinicaly. hematological and serologicaly. Clinical examinations revealed weakness, lymph nodes enlargements in neck and plica genus and weak exophtalmus in eye. Hematological^, it was determined to increase total leucocytes counts. Serologically, BLV aniibodies were detected in blood and milk serum samples by Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELİSA).

The Paneth Cell Distribution of the Small Intestine of the Rats at Postnatal Periods

Nejdet Şimşek, Hasan Hüseyin Dönmez — 2002-01-01

This study was carried out to determine Paneth cell distribution in Ihe crypts ot different regions of small intestine of rats at postnatal period. Tlnrtysix Wislar Albino rats were used in the investigation. The rats were divided into 0, 15. 30, 90, 180 and 365 day-old-age groups and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. In order lo determine the Paneth cell co-unis in ihe crypts of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum regions of the small intestine, tissue samples were fixed in Bouin's solution, prepared blocks in paraftine and sectioned. The sections were stained with phyloxine-iartrazine. Paneth cell count of each animal as determined by counting 2400 crypts in each section and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Paneth cells were not found at the first 15 day of poslnatal period, Paneth cell number per crypt was higher in 30-day- old rals than those of 90. 180 and 365-day- old rats. The number of Ihe cells in ihe duodenum of mature rats decreased as rats matured. However, there was no significant changes in the cell numbers of the ileum and jejunum ol the rats from different age groups.

Histochcmical Studies on the Cell Types of the Anterior Lobe of Rat Hypophysis

Şadiye Ergüldürenler — 2002-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the histologic charastenctics of anterior pituitary cell types in the immature and mature males and also in immature, mature, pregnant and lactating lemale rats wilh the light microscope. As a material. 30 pituitary glands provided (rom Wistar albino rats were used (20 females and 10 males). Acidophilic cells were found to distribute throughout the pars distalis in all groups. These cells were round or ovoid in shape, and their nuclei were also round and localized cccenlrically and Ihe cells in contact with sinusoids, Their numbers were more greater at both lactational and pregnancy than these of Ihe other stages. AII ho ugh the lipotropic cells distributed throughout the pars distalis, Ihese cells were observed more diffuse in the centrial and lateral areas of pars disialis, These cells were round, o void, stellar and vanous in shape, and their nuclei were large and round in shape. Their numbers were tho greatest in mature female and they were much more in female than mate. The round-ovoid shaped gonadotrophs cells were observed throughout the pars distalis. Their nuclei were round in shape. These cells were found at maximum numbers, depending on the sexual period in the mature lemale.

An Anatomic Investigation on the Heart and Coronary Arteries in the Domestic Cat and White New Zealand Rabbits

Gürsoy Aksoy, Hüseyin Karadağ — 2002-01-01

This study was performed to investigate the macroanatomy of the heart and coronary artenes in the domestic cat and White New Zealand Rabbit. Adult twelve females and eighteen males of either species were used in this study. Latex injection and corrosion cast methods were applied to the materials. It was found that the heart lied between Ihe second and fourth ribs in the rabbit, and the fourth and seventh nbs in the cal. The left coronary artery was stronger than the right coronary artery in both rabbit and cat. The left coronary artery gave off the septal, left marginal ventricular and left posterior ventricular branches in the rabbit. II gave off the paraconal interventricular and left circumflex branches in the cat. The right coronary artery was found to be constituted only by the right circumflex branch in both species. The conal branch, which arised from the right coronary artery, directly arised from the aorta in two cats and one rabbit, it was observed that the subsinuosal interventricular branch was formed by the right circumflex branch in four cats.

The Importance of Bronciıoalveolar Lavage Fluid Examinations in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Diseases in Calves

Fatih Mehmet Birdane, Veysi Aslan — 2002-01-01

The present investigation evaluated the changes of cytologic: constituents m bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and to delect utility for diagnosis ol respirator/ disease in calves. For this purpose, 18 calves with acute respiratory disease. 17 calves with chronic respiratory disease and 11 healthy oalvos were used as materials. All calves were examined with regard to clinical examination, complete blood cell counts and BAL fluid analysis. BAL fluid was investigated cytologically. biochemically and bacteriologically. BAL fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) aclivities and total protein (TP) concenlrations wero significantly higher (p< 0.01) in the calves with acute and chronic respiratory infection compared to the normal calves. BAL fluid neutrophil percentages were significantly higher (p< 0.01) in Ihe calves with acute and chronic respiratory infection compared lo Ihe normal calves. Macrophage percenlages in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in the calves with acule and chronic respiratory infection. In the same time, BAL fluid macrophage percentage was significantly higher in the calves with chronic respiratory infeclion compared lo that of the calves with acute respiratory infection. The results of this study showed thai, translracheal BAL fluid analysis was a fast, safe, simple technique producing rapid diagnosis in pneumonic calves. The diagnostic potontial of the percentage ol alveolar macrophage and neutrophil counts in BAL lluıd were validated, Cytologic examination of the respiratory tract may provide a etiopathologic diagnosis or information for improved case management, until more complex diagnostic procedures are performed.

The Effects of Rations Containing Different Level of Proteins on Egg Production and Some Hatchability Characteristics of Partridges (A. graeca)

Kemal Kırıkçı, CaferTepeli, OrhanÇetin, Alper Yılmam — 2002-01-01

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects ol rations containing different level of proteins on egg production, reproduction and hatchability characteristics of partridges. Partridges in groups one and two were fed rations including 24 and 17 % crude protein respectively. Egg yields of partridges in groups one and two were found as 34.16 and 23.75 egg/partridges (P<0.001). Average values of fertility, hatchability and hatchability of lertil eggs were determined as 96.90 and 93.21 %, 78.47 and 76.90 %, 80.97 and 82.51 % in groups respectively. There were significant differences between Ihe group mean values in only fertility (P<0.01). As a result of this study, it was determined thai least using rations containing 24 % crude protein should be use in breeding partridges.

The Effects of Midazolam-Ketamine and Xvlazine-Ketamine on Arterial Blobd Pressure and Blood Gases in Dogs

Yılmaz Koç, Mustafa Kul, Fahrettin Alkan, Zeki Oğurtan — 2002-01-01

The effects of midazolam-kelamine (M-K) and xylazine-ketamine (X-K) combinations on arterial blood pressures and blood gases of 12 dogs were evaluated in this study, Alt baseline measurements were made before the anesthesia as baseline values, and all measurements were repeated at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes intervals after Ihe anesthesia. While the heart and breathing rates increased in the M-K group of dogs, there was a decrease in the X-K group of dogs with the statistical significant difference (p<0.05). The difference between the sıstoüc and diastolic arterial blood pressures was not statistically significant between the two group of dogs. On the other hand. The mean blood pressures at the 90 and 120 minutes were statistically significant (p<0,05). While there was no sta tistically significant difference on the arterial PaC02 and Pa02, there was a statistically significant difference on pH at the 15 (p<0.01) and 30 (p<0.05) minutes between the two groups of dogs.

A Study on Morphometric Measurements of Testes and Sperınatologic Features of Rams Kept under Afyon Conditions

Mustafa Gündoğan, Mehmet Uçar, Mustafa Tekerli — 2002-01-01

In the present study, testes size and spermatological features of Dağlıç, Sakız, Akkaraman and Awassi rams, a total of 12 animals kept under Afyon conditions were determined. Morphometric size of testes of all Ihe rams were measured. Semen samples of rams were collected by artilicial vagina, the reaction lime of rams were determined and examined for the volume, viscosity. pH . mass activity, individual motility, concentration and abnormal rate ol sperm. As a result, the morphometric measurements of testes and spermatologic features were in normal limits but Ihere were some differences in characteristics between the rams.

Second Years Production Performances of Rock Partridges (A. graeca)

Orhan Çetin, Kemal Kırıkçı, Aytekin Günlü, Cafer Tepeli — 2002-01-01

This study has been carried out to determine second years production performances of Rock Partridges (A. graeca). Partridges were mated in cage and under only day light condition both first and second years as a flock consisted of 24 female and 8 male in which two years old. Average number of egg production, percentage of egg production, fertility, hatchability. hatchability of fertil eggs of 1 and 2 aged of partridges were determined as; 34.16 and 45.65, 36.34 and 35.72 %, 96.90 and 93.48 %, 78.47 and 77.11 % and 80.97 and 82.49 % respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the all tested average production performances of first and second years. As a result of this study it was considered that rack partridges also can be used second years for breeding.

Fluoride Levels ol'Drinking Water Samples in Hatay Province

Suat Erdoğan — 2002-01-01

Fluoride ion concentration of 88 drinking water samples which were collected from twelve different province of Hatay in summer, were measured potentiometrically by using an ion ^elective electrode. The mean fluoride ion concentration was found lo be 0.174±0.016 ppm. The lowest lluoride level was detected in Belen (0.071±0.018 ppm) and the highest was measured in Reyhanlı province (0.436+0.035 ppm). Signilicant differences were seen between the fluoride ion levels of the regions (p<0.001). The fluoride ion levels of Ihe three spring water which are consumed only summer time in Erzin province were found 1.870±0.242 ppm. Except for Erzin spring water samples, other water samples was found to contain insufficient fluoride ions according lo World Health Organisalion, It was concluded that fluoride tablets should be given to the children under the supervision of dentists in Hatay province.

The Effect of Urea and Molasses Addition into Sorghum Harvested at Early-Milk Stage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility

Hüseyin Nursoy, Suphi Deniz, M. Akif Karslı, Oktay Kaplan — 2002-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of urea or urea plus molasses addition into sorghum harvested at early-milk stage on silage quality, in vitro digestibility and digestible dry matter (DM) yield of silage. To achieve this objeclive, four different sorghum varieties (Grass II, Grazer, Gözde, and P-988) harvested at earty-milk stage were utilized- Silage samples were added 0.5 % urea or 0.5 % urea plus 4 % molasses (on weight basis) and ensiled in mini-silos (1 L in volume). Silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, pH and organic acids (Lactic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acids). In vitro DM digestibility and digestible DM yields of silages were also determined. Urea and urea + molasses addition significantly increased silage crude protein (CP) in addition to silage pH (P< 0.05). Addition of urea or urea plus molasses did not affect silage butyric and propionic acid contents, but significantly decreased acetic acid. On the other hand addition of urea or urea plus molasses increased lactic acid contents in Gözde and P-988 varieties (P< 0.05). Urea plus molasses addition increased silage DM digestibility in Grass II variety (P< 0.05), but this effect was not significant for other varieties. Digestible DM yields were not affected by additives (P> 0.05). In conclusion, addition of 0.05% urea or 0.05 % urea plus 4 % molasses into sorghum harvested at early-milk stage improved CP and DM contents of silages but had no positive effects on silage quality and digestible DM yields.

Effect of (he Using Artificial Sweeteners Instead of Sucrose Level on the Some Quality Characteristics of Ice Cream

Ahmet Güner — 2002-01-01

This investigation was done to determine the effect of the using artificial sweeteners instead of sucrose level on the some quality charactersitics of ice cream. For this purpose, aspartame and aspaname-acesulfame K were used certain quantity it is equivalent to sucrose's sweeteen. Reducing of sucrose caused decreasing in ice cream mix density, overrun and total dry solids of ice cream and affected the sensory properties negatively. It was determined that aspartame had more positive effect on the taste compared to ice creams having aspartame-acesulfame K. In conclusion, it was convicted that to compensate quality defects occuned at reducing ol sucrose content of ice cream, fat and non fat milk solids amount of ice cream should be increased, and also in the production ol low sucrose or sucrose free ice cream, aspartame could be preferred.

The effect of Zinc and Copper Supplementation to Ration on Blood Acid-Base and Some Plasma Electrolyte Levels in Lambs

Nurcan Dönmez, Zafer Durgun, Ramazan Çöl — 2002-01-01

In the present study, Zn and Cu supplemented into lamb ration containing optimum level of Zn and Cu (35 ppm and 9 ppm respectively) and their eflects on acid-base balance and some electrolytes were aimed to investigate. 24 Konya Merinos lambs 3,5 months aged and weighing 26 kg body weight were used as material. The animals were divided into 4 equal groups. First group (control. K) with basal ration (70 % forage. 30 % concentrated feed), the second group (group Zn) with basal ration plus Zn supplementation (250 mg/kg in dry matter of the ration), 31*1 group (group Cu) with basal ration plus Cu supplementation (25 mg/kg in dry matter of the ration) and the 4m group (group Zn + Cu) with Zn and Cu supplementation (250 mg/kg Zn and 25 mg/kg Cu in dry matter of the ration) were fed ad libitum for 3 months. Plasma Zn levels in group Zn and in group Zn + Cu were 1,61± 0,07 and 1.54 ± 0.04 pg/ml respectively and these values were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared the same values obtained from group K and group Cu. Furthermore plasma Cu levels in group Cu and in group Zn + Cu were 0.96 ± 0.08, 0.80 ± 0.07 pg/ml respectively and these values were also high compared the same values obtained from other groups. Blood pH, plasma HCO'3 and Na values in all groups were not statistically different. In addition other parameters examined in this study were also similar in all groups. As a result, Zn and Cu supplementation into a ration containing normal levels of Zn and Cu had no important effect on acid-base balance and plasma electrolyte levels in lambs.

Effects of Salbutamol on Serum Potassium Level and Electrocardiography in Experimental Hyperkalemia in Rabbits

Ramazan Bal, Ramazan Durgut, Sefa Çelik — 2002-01-01

In this study 12 New Zealand Rabbits were used, which were divided into 2 groups, positive control and salbutamol. For induction of hyperkalemia, 300 mM KCI solution (in isotonic NaCI) was infused at 0.5 ml/kg/min for 15 minutes via v.auricularis. For salbutamol group, isotonic saline solution containing 6 pg salbutamol per ml was administered at 0.35 ml/kg/min for 30 minutes. Whereas, for positive control group, after the first 15 minutes only isotonic NaCI solution was administered. ECG recordings were performed every 3 minutes in Ihe period of the first 45 minutes and (hen at 60th and 90th minutes. Blood samples were collected from the other ear at 0th, 15th, 30th, 60®1 and 90m minutes, and the potassium level was measured from blood serum. Potassium ievel was measured to be approximately 3,9 mmol/L at time zero. With potassium infusion, the level of the serum potassium increased above 6.5 mmol/L. Application of salbutamol caused the serum potassium level to return to the control level, and also caused the ECG changes (flattness ol P wave, widening of QRS complex and bradycardia) induced by hyperkalemia to become normal. On the other hand, it was found thai the serum potassium level continue to increase and that ECG changes did not become normal in positive control group. In conclusion, salbulamol which is a p2 agonist might be used for treatment purpose in hyperkalemia.

The Effect of the Floor and Cage Rearing Systems on Some Production Traits and Livestock Economics in Broylers

M. Kenan Türkyılmaz, Ahmet Nazhgül, H. Erbay Bardakçtoğlu — 2002-01-01

This investigation was held to demonstrate the effects of cage and lloor systems on the abdominal fat and livestock economics on broylers, 200 Cobb 500 broyler chickens were consisted the matenal of the study. Average live weights at the sixth weeks of ages for the floor and cage groups were 2261,1 g and 2169,4 g respectively. Differences of Ihe live weights in the groups were statistically significant (p<0,01). Similar values (1,71) were obtained in the cage and floor groups for feed convertion rate. The average carcass weights and abdominal fat accumulation amounts were 1599,4 g and 1533,2 g and 21,6 g and 20,0 g for the floor and cage groups respectively. Differences among the groups for the abdominal fat weights were not statistically significant. Economic analyses were revealed that broylers in floor management were more profitable than cage systems.

Isolation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Animal Originated Foods in Kars Region

Özkan Aslantaş, Pınar Yıldız — 2002-01-01

In this study, the presence o) Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in a total ol 460 animal originated foods consisting of 200 ground beet and meat products, 260 raw milk and milk products sold in Kars region were investigated. In addition to 460 animal originated food samples, 60 cattle carcass samples taken from Kars Municipality Slaughteftiause were investigated to delect contamination of carcasses with Escherichia coli 0167:H7, Although Escherichia coli 0157.H7 was not isolated from food samples, Escherichia coli 0157:H- serotype were isolated from 2 of 100 raw milk, 1 of ground beef, 1 of white cheese. But, Escherichia coli 0157 was not isolated from cattle carcass samples. As a result, the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in different kind of animal originated foods has shown that This agent could be important for public health as a vehicle ol transmission to man