Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2000; 16(1)

Determination of growth, some body measurements and reproductive trails of Kangal Turkish Shepherd Dogs. I. Growth and Some Body Measurements

C. Tepeli, O. Çetin — 2000-01-01

This study has been earned out to determine growth and some body measurements in Kangal Bred of Turkish Shepherd Dogs under feeding and management conditions of Research Famı at Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Science For determining growth rate body weight records ol 77 dogs from birth to 12 months of age were used, and factors effecting the growth of puppies were determined by using the least squares method In determining breed standard 16 body measurements of 45 dogs which were obtained from 3 month of age to 12 month of age were used Body weights of puppies at birth, weaning, 6 and 12 months at age were effected from litter size birth of year season, sex of puppy and age ot female Effects ot these factors were statistically significant (P<0.01 P<0.05). Average weight of puppies a! birth, weaning, 6 and 12 months of age 536 g. 4845 g, 18 9 kg and 37.07 kg; feast squares mean weight of puppies at birth, weaning 6 and 12 months of age 560 g, 6110 g, 22 52 kg ve 39.84 kg were found respectively. At first age it was observed that height of shoulder was 68.9310.71 cm heighl of rump was 70 44; 0 70 cm length of body was 63.7±1.05 cm. circumference ol body was 80.44±0.89 cm breadth of front chest was 20 26=0.27 cm, depth of chest was 23.87+0.27 cm, breadth ol rump was 19,14±0.27 cm. length of tail was 52.91.10.52 cm. length of head was 27.82±0.28 cm. circumference of head was 46.99±0.32 cm circumference of muzzle was 28.20±0.33 cm, circumference of wrist was 13 24±0 12 cm, length of ear-flap was 12.50±0 14 cm. length of muzzle was 11 82±0 17 cm It was found that the most active period of growing was 6-8 months of age for both gaining of five weight and body measurements.

Determination of growth, some body measurements and reproductive trails of Kangal Turkish Shepherd Dogs. II. Reproductive traits

C, Tepeli, O. Çetin — 2000-01-01

This study has been earned out 10 determine reproductive peiformance in Kangal Bred of Turkish Shepherd Dogs under feeding and management of Research Farm at Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Science Reproductive traits were examined using records of 57 Kangal Shepherd Bitches, In this study it was observed that oestrus cycle were distributed over the whole year but activity was greater summer and winter than spring and autumn. Average age at first oestrus was found to be 411.8 days of age. The lengths of oestrus interval in the presence and in the absence of pregnancy were 235.5 days and 184 14 days respectively. Parturition rates, oestrus showing rate, average ol litter sire and gestation length were found as 75 %. 94,7 8.4+0.63 and 60.22i0.73 days respectively, in 24 bitches. Percentage of stillbirths was found 13.66 7- Percentage of stillbirths increased with the size of litter. Survival rale of the puppies since one years old was found 55.49 %.

Effects of Feeding Free and Protected Acidulated Oil on Rumen Fermentation and Milk Production in Dairy Cattle

Nurettin Gülşen, Fatma İnal, Behiç Coşkun, Cavit Arsian, H. Derya Umucalılar — 2000-01-01

In this study, the effects o! acidulated sunflower oil acidulated sunflower oil plus calcium and Ca soap which was prepared from acidulated sunflower oil on some rumen parameters, digestibility, milk production and milk production parameters in mid and late lactation periods of dairy cows were determined with two replicated 4x4 latin square design. Acidulated sunflower oil 8%, acidulated sunflower oil plus Ca and Ca soap was added 10% to concentrate diets In control group acidulated oil. acidulated oil plus Ca and Ca soap groups NH3*N levels were determined 125,5, 130.57, 120,05 and 129.98 mmol/l. total VFA values were 126.84, 138.35. 133.34 and 147.97 mmol/l tn the ruminal fluids respectively and among groups there was nol statistically significantly difference (P>0.05) Organic matter digestibility were lound 62.80, 58,49, 57.36 and 56.35%, crude fat digestibility was found 84,31. 85 81, 92.09 and 92.10% in groups respectively. Organic matter, crude fat crude protein and crude liber digestibilities were determined statistically non significant among groups (P>0,05) Diy matter intakes were determined 17.95 17.42 18.13 and 18.54 kg/day. milk productions were 23.34, 21.15. 19 1 and 21 73 kg'day. respectively.

Effect of Protein Coated with Protected Fat on Milk Production Parameters

Nurettin Gülşen, Fatma inal — 2000-01-01

The effects ol oils and protein coated with Ca soaps or milk production parameters were investigated in this study The effect of acidulated oil + soybean meal + Ca(OH)2 (AY) and protein coated acid oil Ca soaps (PKAYl on dry mattei intake and milk yield parameters in early lactation of dairy cows were examined There were no significant differences among groups m investigated parameters (P>0 05). Dry matter intakes were found 16 11. 15.41. 15.53, kg/day respectively in control. AY and PKAY groups. The amount ol acidulated oil + soybean meal + Ca(OH)2 and PKAY obtained from ration was lound 5.3 and 5.5 % of dry matter intake. Milk yield was found 25.16. 23.59, 23.84 kg/day respectively in control. AY and PKAY groups. In these groups, adjusted milk yield according to 3.5 % milk lal calculated 23.73, 20.83 and 22.00 kg/day. Ad|usted milk yte'd and daily milk (at yield were low because of the low milk production and milk fat similarly the milk yield and milk proiein concentration affected daily milk protein yield m negatively Milk protein concentration was found 3.18. 3.04, 3,06 %, milk lat concentration was found 3,19. 2,90. 3 14. non lat dry matter concentration ol milk was found 8.23, 8,10, 8,15. respectively in control, AY and PKAY groups. The addition ol lat to ration both free lat and Ca soap forms effected mentioned milk fractions negatively as described before. As a result, these oil sources did not affect milk production and milk parameters statistically significantly on dairy cows.

Clinical, Cytologic, Bacteriologic and Radiographic Analysis of Respiratory Diseases in Dogs

Mehmet Maden, Fatih M. Birdane, Fahrettin Atkan, Hasan H, Hadimli — 2000-01-01

Clinical, cytological, bacteriological and radiographic analysis of respiratory tract diseases were performed in dogs. The importance of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (Kid and culture were analysed and it is considered to be important to detect the ethiologic factor and overall rate of inflammation. In addition to this, radiography were also evaluated if there was any contribution to the diagnosis. Thirty one dogs were used in this study, of which 6 was assigned as a control group. Cough, fever, nasal discharge and abnormal auscultation were found in trac-heabronchitis and bronchopneumonia. While there was a statistically significant increase (p<0,0011 in the neutrophil counts, there was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001) on macrophage and lenfocyte counts in both groups Statistically sıgnilıcani increase (p<0.05) on epithel cells counts was found Coc and/or bacits were seen in all cases Three dogs had fungal organisms, and one had anaerob bacteria Uordetella bronchiseptica and E coli (% 24) were the most isolated bacteria species in BAL fluid culture. Tracheabronchitis and bronchopneumonia findings were determined radiographically As a result, clinical, cytologic, bacteriolcgic and radiographic findings were considered to be important in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases Especially. BAL fluid cytology was found to be highly important tool in the diagnosis.

The Thoracic Aorta in Turkish Sheepherd Dog

Memduh Gezici, Nejdet Dursun — 2000-01-01

This study was carried out to investigate the arterial vascularization of the thoracic aorta in Turkish she-epherd dog. As a material, fourteen adult dogs were used. It was detected that the thoracic aorla supplied the irachea and the part ol the esophagus in the thoracic cavity, as well as. the superior wall of Ihe thoracic cavity and dorsal-hall ol its lateral wall in Ihe caudal of the fourth rib, by injecting coloured-latex into the vessels.

The diagnosis of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis by exfoliative cytology and bronchoalveolar lavage techniques and the comparison of results with histopathologic findings

2000-01-01

This study was undertaken to examine gross, histopathologic and cytologic findings, and to determine the clinic-pathologic diagnostic criteria of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (PA). For this purpose, 2630 sheep lungs were examined at a local slaughterhouse in Konya, and PA was found in 102 cases (3,88 %). Grossly, in 74 of 102 cases lobular lesions in one or more lobes, and in 28 cases larger lesions in all lobes were seen. These lesions were firm, shiny grey-while in colour and had grey-white nodules of different size on cut surfaces. Histopathologic examination revealed proliferation and papillary projection of alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium and in some cases neoplastic nodules in bronchiolar lumina. In 6 cases (5,88 %) metastatic tumors were found in mediastinal lymph nodes. In 53 of 102 sheep 2-25 ml of nasal discharge or sputum was obtained. In 26 cases the cytologic examinations of sputum revealed groups or clusters and sometimes single neoplastic cells resembling neoplastic cells in histopathologica! sec-lions. Cytologic examinations of touch preparations and smears of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid made from 102 cases showed groups of neoplastic cells rn all cases. Some neoplastic cells in sputum. BAL and touch preparations showed anisocytosis, anisonucleosis and occasional mitotic figures. In conclusion. PA is a low grade bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. It was suggested that BAL may be useful in the diagnosis of PA but cytologic examinations of spulum have limited value.

Macroanatomic Investigations of the Courses of the Vertebral Vein of Akkaraman Sheep

Kamil Beşoluk, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2000-01-01

This study was carried out to evaluate the courses and termination ol the vertebral vein. For this purpose, eight adult healthy Akkaraman sheep were used as a material. We found that the vertebral vein passed through the transversal canal between third and sixth cervical vertebra. Then it entered to thoracic cavity via cranial Ihoracic aper-tura and joined to deep cervical vein with a common trunk opening the costocervical vein. In its course, it has been observed that the vertebral vein received to the branches of the vertebral canal and the muscles of the cervical region. At Ihe level of the atlantal fossae, it joined the descendens branch and segmentally intervertebral veins.

Macroanatomical and subgross studies on the brachial plexus of the Angora goat

Memduh Gezici — 2000-01-01

In this study, ihe formation and distribution of the brachial plexus were investigated in Angora goat, for this purpose, eight Angora goat in different ages and sex were used. It was observed that the brachial plexus in the Angora goat was formed by the ventral branches of the sixth, seventh, eighth cervical and lirst thoracic spinal nerves. It was seen that there wasn't a significant difference in the courses and distributions of the nerves arising from the brachial plexus in Angora goat in comparison with the other ones.

The Macroanatomic Investigations on The Formation of The Cisterna Chyli and Thoracic Duct in Akkaraman Sheep

Hakan Yalçın, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Kamil Beşoluk — 2000-01-01

In this study, formation of Ihe cisterna chyli and course and termination of the thoracic duct were mac-roscopically investigated. In this purpose, eight Akkaraman sheep were used. India ink were injected to various nodes of these animals. The thoracic duct originated from the cranial part ol the cisterna chyli and coursed dorsolateral^ of the thoracic aorta at the right of the median plane. At the fourth and lilth lumbar vertebra it inclines somewhat cra-nioventrally and passes to left side of the median plane. It was determined that the thoracic duct terminated lo the dorsolateral surface of the left external jugular vein at the level ol the first rib In this research, it was observed that the cisterna chyli is located sac-like, an elongated lymph reservoir at the ventral to large psoas muscle at the level of the second and third lumbar vertebra. Two small lymphatics joined together and formed lumbal trunks which opens to cisterna chyli. following a short courses At the level of the third lumbar vertebra, the cisterna chyli receives the lumbar, visceral and coliac. Visceral trunks is formed by the jejenal, intestinal and colic trunks. The celiac trunks is formed by the hepatic and gastric trunks.

Comparative Macro-anatomic Investigations on the Pudendoepigastric Vein in Akkaraman Sheep and Angora Goat

Emrullah Eken, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2000-01-01

The purpose ol this study was to investigate the pudendoepigastric vein in Akkaraman sheep and Angora goat. In this study, as a material, eight of Akkaraman sheep and eight of Angora goats were used It was seen that the pud e ndo epigastric vein formed by the caudal abdominal vein, caudal epigastric vein and external pudendal vein. It was determined that the pudendal external vein formed by the joining of the ventral scrotal vein, ventral labial (caudal mammarial) vein and caudal superficial epigastric (cranial mammanal) vein. The valves (valvula venosa) were seen towards the pudendoepigastric vein.

The Effects of Different Light Periods on Sonic Production Characteristics of Pheasants (P.colchicus)

C, Tepeli, O. Çetin, K. Kırıkçı, K. Yapar, R. Yılmaz — 2000-01-01

This study has been conducted to investigate the effects ol exposing pheasants to different light periods on their egg production characteristics and hatching traits. The daily light period was increased from 11 h light (L): 14 h darkness (□) iniiially to 16 h L. 8 h D in group 1, Birds were exposed lo 16 h L: 8 h D and 8hL:8hD:8hL periods in groups 2 and 3 respectively. Following the onset of stimulatory light, the first egg was obtained in 23 and 22 days in groups 1.2 and 3 respectively, Egg production periods of pheasants were determined as 138 and 136 days in groups 1.2 and 3. Egg yields of pheasants in groups were found as 40 28. 56.57 and 87,68 egg/pheasanl respectively |P<0.05). Average values ol hatchability. fertility and hatchabilily of lertil eggs were determined as 39.48. 48,40 and 54.09 %(P<0.05); 62.17. 68.15 and 70.47% (P<0.05): 63,50. 71,01 and 76.76 % (P<0.05) in groups respectively.

Some Haemotological Values in Tuj and Morkaraman Sheep

Fikret ÇELEBİ, Metehan UZUN — 2000-01-01

In this study, blood parameters such as erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, leukocyte formula, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin content, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, colour index, haemoglobin amount, haematocrit value and sedimentation rates were determined in healthy Tuj and Morkaraman sheep. All blood parameters determined for Tuj and Morkaraman sheep were within the normal physiological range.

Production Performance of Akkaraman. Morkaraman and Awasi Sheep under Semi-intensive Conditions I, Fertility And Milk Production Characteristics

Orhan Özbey, Abdulkadir Akçan — 2000-01-01

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of fertility and milk yield in Whitekaraman. Red-karaman and Awasi sheep on semi-intensive conditions in the Research and Practice Farm ol Fırat University. The proportion of inseminated sheep that showed oestrus on the basis ol the number of ewes assigned lor mating, pregnancy rate, parturition rate and lambing rate in Whitekaraman were 100 %,93 %, 85 % and 118.52 %, respectively.The proportion tor the above parameters were determined as 100 %, 92 %, 88 % and 115.30 % in Whitekaraman and as 100 %, 90 %, 83 % and 112,50 % in Awasi sheep, respectively.The rate of twin birth per sheep which lambed and Ihe avarage number ol lambs for Whitekaraman, Redkaraman and Awasi sheep were 39 % and t .39; 30 % and 1,30; 35 % and 1.35, respectively, According to the results obtained by analysing the yield characteristics of the sheep, total milk yields were foud as 56.56, 96.37 and 109.90 (P<0,001), lactation periods were 134.43, 164,74 and 169.44 (P<0.001), awarage daily milk yields were 426.35, 504.14 and Ml. W» IP<0,001) in WVi-tekaraman, Redkaraman and Awasi sheep, respectively. In terms of total milk yield, lactation period and daily milk yield values in all three genotypic groups, higher values were observed in older sheep (4-5 years old) than the younger (2-3 years ) and in sheep which had twins than the sheep which had single lamb, the difference between the ages of the sheep was found to be statistically significant (PcO.OD.The difference in the type of birth was also determined to be significant (P<0.01).

The Effect of Forages Treated With Different Methods on Fattening Performance and Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Awassi Lambs

Orhan ÖZBEY, Abdulkadir AKÇAN, Fuat GÜRDOĞAN — 2000-01-01

This study was carried out to determine an economic feeding system for Awassi sheep at the age of 8-12 months which were fed for a short period to be fit for slaughter and sacrifice so as to get a high lattening performance and to investigate the elteel ol ihis feeding system on slaughter and carcass characteristics According to this, the animals fed with ration containing grinded barley straw without molasses formed Group I. fed with the ration containing grinded barley straw treated with molasses formed Group II and the other fed with ration containing barley straw which was noi grinded but treated with moiasses formed Group III. In the study, a total number of 18 sheep, allocating 6 sheep in each group were used. The avarage body weights of the sheep at the beginning were approximately 30 kg but at the end of the feeding period of 70 days, the body weights of the sheep in Group I, Group II and Group 111 were determined as 43.50. 48 98, and 47 92 kg respectively Daily body weight gains and feed efficiency rates were de-tiîımmed as 235 77g and 5 99. 256,02 g and 5,50, 252 94 g and 5,57 (P<0.05) respectively. Gold dresing percentages were 50.23. 50.64 and 51 23 % thorax deepnesses 24.75. 26.24 and 26.98 cm (P<0.05), thorax circumferences 17.65, 18.93 and 17.73 cm 05), leg circumferences 16 97, 18,67 and 18.86 cm (P<0.05). thorax region 71 54, 73,62 and 72.73 cm (P<0.05) respectively, Because of the positive effect ol treating barley slraw with molasses on palatabılıty of the sheep, the leed intake and body weight gains were determined to be high. In addition, it was determined that, feeding with non-grinded barley straw had no negative effect on slaughter and carcass characteristics.

The Effect of Oil Refinery By-Products on Reproductive and Rearing Performance in Japanese Quail

Süleyman Dere, Tahir Balevi, Şeref İnal, Varol Kurtoğlu, Alper Yılmaz — 2000-01-01

ln this study, the effect of oil industry by-products as energy source on daily feed intake, egg yield, feed conversion rate, fertility, hatchability, and live-weight in japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 120 female and <\Q male quails with weeks old were used in this study. Quails were divided into lour main groups consisting 10 subgroups having 3 female quails in each of subgroups. Following three month lasting egg production period, one male quail was placed into cages ol each subgroups Groups were fed diets. Consisting in rates of % 2 sunflower crude oil (HY), acidulated sunflower soapstock (AY), volatile matters (UM) and sunflower soapstock (SSI during investigation period. Egg production percentages ol groups were lound as 68.75. 69.45, 67 41 and 64.45 % resp.(P>0,05) Average fertility percentages were 80.46, 80-19, 77.98 and 73,66 % resp. (P>0.05). Hatchability values ol groups were found as 51.41. 51.40, 48.67 and 49.34 % resp. (P>0.05). Feed intake in four groups were varied in ranges of 33,89 and 35,83 g/day/quail. Feed amount consumed for production ol 12 eggs in four groups was found as highest in SS group, lowest in HY group. SS group with respect to eventual female quail live weight was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05) As a result, it was concluded thai supplementation of diets with tow cost AY and UM instead of crude oil has no negative effects on performance and reproduction.

The Comparison of Some Biochemical Parameters Merinos, Akkaraman, Awassie and Corriedate Rams

Vahdettin Altunok, Nuri Başpınar — 2000-01-01

In this Study, levels of some biochemical parameters such as plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, vitamin A, vitamin C, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) and the difference between species in this paramelers were investigated in 20 healthy and fertile (aged between 2-3 years old) rams consisted 5 Merino. 5 Akkaraman, 5 Awassie and 5 Corriedale breeds. The blood samples were taken 4 times every 2 days in November. The average values of plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, vitamin A, vitamin C. Na and K in rams were 8.13±0.14 gI dl. 3.12+0.06 g/dl. 50.24±2.18 mg/dl, 75.39±3.11 mg/dl, 66.91±1.35 µg/dl, 1.17±0.08 mg/dl, 130.34±3.07 mmol/L and 4.38±0.14 mmol/L, respectively. Between the species plasma glucose levels were only found statistically significant (P<0.01).

Blood Acid-Base Balance, Some lilood Gases and Plasma Electrolyte Levels in Angora Goats

Ercan Keskin, Tufan Keçeci — 2000-01-01

In this study, acid-base status, some blood gases and plasma electrolytes of venous blood were determined in 20 Angora goats. In the goats, the obtained values of pH (7.376). pO₂ (46.75 mmHg), pCo₂ (38.50 mmHg), HC03 (22.14 mEq/L), tCO₂ (23 58 mEq/L), BE (-2.21 mEq/L) and plasma sodium, potassium and calcium levels (136.8, 4.43, 2.33 mEq/L. respectively) were similar to the values reported for ruminants. Consequently, these data in Angora goats might be useful for the studies will be conducted in the same subject.

Serum Immunoglobulins in Neonatal Diarrhoeic Calves Evaluation by Glutaraldehid Coagulation Test

2000-01-01

The aim of (his study, in neonatal calves, to carry out the relationship between diarrhea and passive co-lostral transler and the safety ol GA test using SRID (Single Radial Immunodiffussion} lest for its determination In this study, healty 20 and diarrheic 30, totally 50 calves were used as a material. Serum immunglobulin levels were measured by GA test as semiquantitative and by SRID test as kantitative. In the some diarrheic calves IgG levels were 250-400 mg/dl and their serum incougulated in 30 minutes. In the meantime, IgG levels of olher diarrhoeic calves were 580-800 mg/dl and their serum semisolid (jelous) at between 12-28 minutes. In the healty calves, serum samples with IgG level of 2400-5800 mg/dl coagulated in 1-5 minutes and serum samples with IgG level of 1600 mg/ dl coagulated in 6 to 7 minutes. As a result, it could be said that diarrhea is connected with passive colostral transfer, and calves with negative and jelous GA test have failure of passive colostral transfer and calves with positive GA test have adequate passive colostral transfer.

Blood Acid-Base Status, Some Blood Gases and Electrolytes Levels in Premature Calves

Mahmut Ok, Fatih M. Birdane — 2000-01-01

In this study, acid-base status, the levels of both some blood gases and electrolytes of venous blood were determined in premature and healthy calves. Twenty premature calves and 10 newborn healthy calves were used as a material. The premature calves have 259 to 265 gestation days and 29 to 43 kg body weight, general weakness, soft claw, inability to stand, weak or no sucking reflex, respiratory distress and short silky haircoat. Five out of twenty premature calves died. Venous blood pH, pCO₂ , pO_{2, O₂ SAT ve BE levels were significantly different in the premature calves
(p<0.01) compare to the newborn calves.}

Methode für die Kontrolle des Blutgerinnungssystems bei Katzen und Hunden

Abdülkerim Deniz — 2000-01-01

Die Blutgerinnungssystems werden bei Katzen und Hunden mit den bei Menschen ver-wendeten und auf die Veterinârmedızin angepassten Tests wie Pıothrombinzeit (PT), aktivierten partiellen Throm-boplastinzeit (aPTT) und Thrombinzeit < TT) überprüft. Diese Tests wurden aufgrund der im Vergleich zum Menschen deutiich höhere Aktivitât der manchen Gerinnungsfaktoren (Faktör V, VII und VIII:C) bei Katzen und Hunden optimiert und ihre Sensitivitât erhöht. Die Referenzbereiche von PT, aPTT und TT gemessen mit neuen Tests und den Standard - Tests für die Katze und den Hund wurden angegeben und die Tests wurden detailliert erklârt