Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1998; 14(2)

The Effects of The Pastörization Temperature on Quality of The White Cheese Production

1998-04-01

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different heat treatments on chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of white pickled cheese. Three different heat treatments were applied. These were, 15 min. at 65°C (Type I), 10 min. at 75°C (Type II) and 5 min. at 85°C (Type III). The highest fat in dry matter content were obtained from the samples of high heat treated group (Type III) and the lowest values were obtained from the low heat treated group (Type I). It was found that the samples produced from high heat treated milk (T 111) were lower in salt contents. No coliforms found at the 60th and 90th days of ripening period. Fecal streptococci counts were decreased among the ripening period. At 15th and 30th days the yeast and mould counts were slightly increased and alter then decreased among the ripening period. In sensory evaluations, generally the samples of T iII group were obtained high scores than the others. As a result, it was concluded that, heat treatment of 85°C was increased the cheese quality, yield and microbiological quality was became better.

The Investigation of Sodium Thiosulfate Effects on The Toxicokinetics of Cyanide and Thiocyanate

İbrahim Pirinçci, Sadettin Tanyıldızı, Sezai Kaya, Bünyamin Traş — 1998-04-01

This study was made to determine the some toxicokinetic parameters of cyanide and thiocyanate in sheep experimentally poisoned with amygdalin In this study, 24 sheep 50 - 60 kg weights were used. Amygdalin and sodium thiosulfate were given and the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in samples were determined Then some toxicokinetic parameters of the cyanide and thiocyanate in the blood samples taken at 0.5, 1,2,4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 th hours were established. The sodium thiosulfate were given intravenously in doses 50 and 600 mg!kg and then the distribution haif-lives of blood cyanide levels were respectively, 0.57±0.05 and 3.24±O.16 hours; the elimination haf-lives were respectively, 172.93±11.4 and 77.08±15.26 hours: mean residence times were respectively, 250.37±25.2 and 102.10i8.12 hours; the duration of maximal concentration were respectively, 48th hour; the maximal blood levels respectively, 0.177 and 0.186 jıg/ml were determined. Besides. area under the curve values according to doses were respectively. 26.68±2.18 and 14.20±1.94 ng.hour/ml: volume of distribution at steady state were respectively, 0.371±0.01 and 4.312±O.77 lJkg; clearance values were respectively, 1.87±1.10 and 42.23t5.64 mVhour.kg were calculated. The distribution half-lives of blood thiocyanate levels according to doses were respectively, 0.44±0.03 and 0.48.0.05 hour; the elimination half-lives were respectively, 56.17±5.34 and 128.24±8.43 hours; mean residenca times were respectively, 81.69±4.47 and 152.11±11.6 hours; the duration of maximal concentration respectively, 24 and 2th hours; the maximal blood levels were respectively, 0.03 and 0.05 ng/ml were determined. Besides, area under the curve values according to doses were respectively, 2.10±0.05 and4.31±0.04|ig.hour/ml; volume of distribution at steady state were respectively, 1.89±0.03 and 21.278±1.88 llkg: clearance values were respectively, 23.75+6.40 and 139.16±51.7 mVhour.kg were established.

The Investigation of Sodium Nitrite Effects on The Toxicokinetics of Cyanide and Thiocyanate

Sadettin Tanyıldızı, İbrahim Pirinçci, Sezai Kaya, Emine Baydan — 1998-04-01

This study was carried out to determine the effects of sodium nitrites on some toxicoklnetic parameters of cyanide and thiocyanate in sheep experimentally poisoned with amygdalin In this study, 18 sheep 50 — 60 kg weights were used. Amygdalin and sodium nitrite were given and the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in samples were determined Then some toxicokinetic parameters of the cyanide and thiocyanate in the blood samples taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72^th hours were established. The sodium nitrite was given intravenously in doses 5 and 25 mg/kg and then the distribution half-lives of blood cyanide levels according to doses were respectively, 0.23±0.01 and 3.14±1.65 hours; the elimination half-lives were respectively, 60.80±13.41 and 126±24.33 hours; mean residence times were respectively, 88±10.04 and 185±2S.21 hours; the duration of maximal concentration were respectively, 48^th hour; the maximal blood levels were respectively, 0.151 and 0148 µg/ml were determined. Besides, area under the curve values were according to doses were respectively, 11.28±1.24 and 9±S.62 µg.hour/ml; volume of distribution at steady state were respectively, 0.03±0.001 and 0.2±0.03 L/kg; clearance values were respectively, 0.44+0.12 and 0.16±0.09 ml/hour.kg were calculated. The distribution half-lives of blood thiocyanate levels according to doses were respectively, 18.30±2.21 and 29.44±3.41 hours; the elimination half-lives were respectively, 224.43±11.40 and 42.89±8.85 hours; mean residence times were respectively, 137.36±24.2 and 64.38±6.6S hours; the duration of maximal concentration were respectively, 24 and 48^th hours; the maximal blood levels were respectively, 0.026 and 0.028 µg/ml were detennined. Besides, area under the curve values according to doses were respectively, 4.66±0.21 and 9.82±0.8 µg.hour/ml; volume of distribution at steady state were respectively, 0.147±0.03 and 0.162±0.03 L/kg; clearance values were respectively, 1.07+0.31 and 7.72±2.84 ml/hour.kg were established..

Some Quality Properties of Turkish Fermented Sausages Consumed in Konya

Mustafa Atasever, Abdullah Keleş, Ahmet Güner, Gürkan Uçar — 1998-04-01

In this research, chemical and microbiological properties of 30 Turkish sausage samples collected from Konya markets were determined. At the result of microbiological analyzes, the average count oftotal microorganisms, Coliform groups, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus and yeast and mould were determined as 5.7x10⁶ , 7.4x10³ , 3.2x10⁵ and 6.4x10⁴ /g respectively. In the chemical analyses of the samples, the average values of moisture, fat, protein, ash and salt contents were found to be 29.49 %, 30.9 %, 22.73%, 4.33 % and 2.93 % respectively; pH and water activity (Aw) values were found to be 5.24 and 0.806. During the assesment of results, microbiological and chemical properties of the sausage samples were found to be low quality. According to the results, the sausages (33.33 % in mic-robiologically, 86.67 %in chemically) weren't in accordance with Food Regulation and Standards.

The Effects of Zeolit in Broiler Diets on the Growth Performance and Humidity Nitrogen Ammonia and Phosphorus Contents of the Litter

Tahir Balevi, Behiç Coşkun, Varol Kurtoğlu, Derya Umucalılar — 1998-04-01

This study was carried out to determine the effects of zeolit based klinoptilolit (Cli-nut/1000) in broiler diets on growth performance and dry matter, crude ash, ammonia, crude protein and phosphorus contents of the litter. In three different periods, between the days 1-21, 22-42 and 42-51, three different diets were used. According to various levels of Cli-nut/1000 in the diets, 6 groups were allocated. Totally 1098 chicks were used in the experiment. At the end of experiment, the mean weight and feed efficiencies of the control group was 1868 g and 1.96 kg feed/kg weight gain. The highest live weight (2010 g) was obtainedin the group fed 1.5% Cli-nut/1000 in all periods. The best feed conversion (1.93) was in the group fed Cli-nut/1000 at the levels of 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5% respectively. The lilter humidity was reduced by Cli-nut/1000. Phosphorus and ammonia contents of the litter was also reduced, when the levels of Cli-nuVl000 were 1.5% or higher.

Virus Isolation From Semen of Bulls that using Artificial and Natural Insemination

Sibel Yavru, Feridun Öztürk, Atilla Şimşek, Orhan Yapkıç, Cengiz Yıldız — 1998-04-01

In this study; 60 semen samples from the artificial insemination centre in Ankara and also from the bulls -under the possessions of farmers- brought to be slaughtered in Meat and Fish Foundation Slaughterhouse in Konya were examined for virus isolation on sensitive cell cultures. As a result of inoculation of 60 semen samples onto cell cultures, 5 viruses were isolated. 3 of the isolated viruses were identified as Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1) according to the results of cross microneutralisation test by rabbit hyperimmun sera.

The investigation on The Possibilities of Consantrated and Texturized Soy Protein Usage in the Production of Chicken Sausage

Semra Kayaardı, Ümit Gürbüz, Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu, Yusuf Doğruer — 1998-04-01

The aim of the study determined the effects of Texturized Soy Protein (TSP) and Consantrated Soy Protein (CSP) on the quality of chicken sausage. Atler hidrated, TSP and CSP were added to sausage batter at the levels of 2.5-0%; 5-0%; 0-2.5%; 0-5% and 2.5-2.5% respectively. As a result, it was concluded that TSP and CSP did not cause any technological problem in the chicken sausage production in those levels and did not affect on the microbiological quality. However, the content of protein, moisture and ash of the samples increased, especially, at the levels of 2.5% TSP, 2.5% CSP and 5% CSP .

Feeding High Producing Dairy Cows During The Dry Period and Hypocalcemia

M. Ali Tanör — 1998-04-01

Improper feeding of the dıy cow can result in decreased lactational and reproductive performances. The aim of the dry period is to minimise the metabolic and nutritional disorders at calving, to increase the dry matter intake for increased milk production at post partum, allowing the gromh of foetus, regenerating the mammary glands arid to allow the cow to achieve optimum reproduction after calving. In European countries hypocalcemia concern 5-10% of the dairy cows. Hypocalcemia can also be a cause of ketosis, retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum and mastitis. Recent studies have shown that risk of milk fever is much more correlated to the dietaıy cation-anion balance rather than the Ca/P ratio or the concentrations of Ca and P. A negative dietary cation-anion balance (-200 to -300 meq/Kg DM) during the dry period did prevent the milk fever risk, decreased the metabolic disorders and improved the reproductive performance of the cow.

The Use of Semi-syntetic casings in Tulum Cheese Production and Effects of Vacuum Packaging on Quality

1998-04-01

Experimental tulum cheese samples were produced according to the traditional method. The use of synle-tic packaging materials and the effects of vacuum packaging on the quality properties were investigated. It is concluded that syntetic casings can be used as a packaging material for the tulum cheese. But cheese should be stored in the conditions of having high relalive humudity. As vacuum packed samples had better in chemical, microbiological and sensory properties than the non-vacuumed ones, vacuum packaging can also be used effectively in packing the tulum cheese.

The Effect of Layer Diets Supplemented with Zeolit on Production Performance

Tahir Balevi, Behiç Coşkun, Erdoğan Şeker, Varol Kurtoğlu — 1998-04-01

At present study 320 Babcock-B-380 brown hens aged 32 week were used. This experiment was carried out to determine effects of feeding laying diets suppfemented with different levels of Clinut-1000 (0, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5%) on their feed intake, feed efficiency, egg production, egg weight, damaged egg ratio and specific gravity. The experiment was lasted in 90 days. At the end of the experiment egg production was found to be 90.76, 92.10, 91.62 and 90.61 %, respectively (P>0.005). Feed intake was observed to be 135.44, 135.12, 129.09 and 129.25 g, respectively (P>0.05). While the lowest feed efficiency (2.29) was obtained in the group fed 3.S % zeolit, the highest feed efficiency (2.40) was obtained in the group feed 0 % Zeolit (P>O.OS). There were no differences between the groups in terms of egg weight and specific gravity (P>0.05). Middle of the experiment. while the lowest ratio for damaged egg(1%) was obtained in the group fed 1.5 % Zeolit-1000, the highest ratio for damaged egg (1.31 %) was obtained in the group fed 0 % Zeolit At the end of the experiment, ratio of damaged egg was determined to be 0.94, 0.78, 1.19 and 1.05 %, respectively. Consequently, use of levels of 2.5 and 3.5 % Zeolit in poultry diets was concluded to effect on feed conversion in a positive manner due to reduced feed intake without any reduction on egg production although differences showed no significance.

The effect of Timed insemination on Pregnancy Rates of Cows Synchronized with PGF2α Based on Plasma Progesterone Levels

Abdullah Kaya, Kenan Çoyan, Mehmet Bozkurt Ataman — 1998-04-01

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of oestrus synchronisation with PGF2α and timed-insemination based on plasma progesterone levels in cows. The study was carried out in 34 Brown Swiss cows, aging between 3 and 5 years otd. Blood samples were collected at ten day intervals 3 times without cyclic stage of the cows. In each sampling, the cows with high plasma progesterone levels (20.5 ng / ml) were intramuscularly injected with PGF2α analogue (0.150 mg D- Cloprostenol), and inseminated at 72 and 96 th. hours fixed-time after the injections. Blood samptes were collected to monitore the progesterone levels for pregnancy diagnosis on the day of 21th after inseminations, then rectal examination were conducted to detect the pregnancy on the day of 60 after the inseminations. In the first sampling, high progesterone levels were found in 23 of 34 cows. These cows were synchronized with PGF2α and 16 of 23 cows became pregnant following the fixed-time inseminations. In the second sampling, S of the 11 cows had high progesterone levels and 4 of these S cows with high progesteron levels became pregnant after the synchronization and inseminations. In the 3 th sampling, 3 cows had lower levels than 0.5 ng / ml plasma progesterone. Total of 31 cows were synchronized based on high progesterone levels and 20 (% 66.6) of these cows became pregnant following the inseminations. As a result, synchronization done with PGF2α. in the cows with luteal activity based on plasma progesterone levels and fixed-time inseminations showed satisfactory pregnancy rates. It was also beneficial for the diagnosis of the cows with no luteal activity and elimination of the PGF2α injections to these cows.

The Investigation of Cobalt Chloride effects on Some Toxicokinetic Parameters of Cyanide and Thiocyanate

İbrahim Pirinçci, Sadettin Tanyıldızı, Sezai Kaya, Bünyamin Traş — 1998-04-01

This study was made to determine the some toxicokinetic parameters of eyanide and thiocyanate in sheep experimentally poisoned with amygdalin. In this study. 1S sheep 50 - 60 kg weights were used. Amygdalin and cobalt chloride were given and the eyanide and thioeyanate levels in samples were determined Then some toxicokinetic parameters of the cyanide and thiocyanate in the blood samples taken at 0.5. 1,2. 4. 8, 24. 48 and 72 ^th hours were established. The cobalt chloride was given intravenously in doses 5 and 1S mgV th hours; the maximal blood levels were respectively, 0.120 and 0128 µg/ml were determined. Besides, area under the curve values according to doses were respectively, 7.09±1.24 and 5.93±0.64 µg. hour/ml; volumes of distribution at steady state were respectively, 0.099±0.005 and 0.125±0.01 1/kg; clearance values were respectively, 1.21±0.44 and 2.52±1.21 m/hour. kg were calculated. The distribution half-Iives of blood thiocyanate levels according to doses were respectively. 0.30±0.02 and 2.49±1.12 hours; the elimination half-lives were respectively, 213.89±11.21 and 96.56±9.35 hours; mean residence times were respectively, 309.09±25.76 and 142.95±15.66 hours; the duration of maximal concentration were respectively, 2 and 1^th hours; the maximal blood levels were respectively, 0.028 and 0.032 µg/ml were determined. Besides, area under the curve values according to doses were respectively, 8.77±1.44 and 3.26±1.55 µg. hour/ml; volumes of distribution at steady state were respectively, 0.211±0.01 and 1.333±0.05 1/kg; clearance values were respectively, 0.56±0.23 and 7.66±1.55 ml/hour. kg were established.

The Relationships Between Some Biochemical Parameters And Sperm Quality in Rams

1998-04-01

The aim of this study were to determine the relations of seminal fructose, corrected seminal fructose, fruc-tolysis index, seminal plasma Zn and blood plasma Zn, blood plasma testosterone levels with semen quality in healthy rams. The study was carried out in 23 fertile and healthy rams of which was 5 Akkaraman, 5 Merinos, 5 Awassie, 5 Corriedale and 3 German black face breeds, aged between 2-3 years old. The semen samples of each ram were collected two consecutive ejaculates by artificial vagina and blood samples 4 times every 3 days. Mean spermatozoon individual motility (%) for Akkaraman, Merinos, Awassie, Corriedale and German black face breeds were 70.5±1.9, 75.0±1.67, 73.0±1.66, 76.5±1.98 and 68.1±1.88 (%), respectively. Mean sperm concentration (x10⁶ /mm³ ) of the breeds were 3.16±0.26, 2.70±0.25, 2.93±0.30, 2.42±0.33 and 1.66±0.23 respectively. Mean fructose (mg/dl), corrected fructose (mgfmlxlog.sperm concentration/ml), fructolysis index (mg/10⁹ sperm/1 hour,37 ºC), seminal plasma Zn (µg/dl), blood plasma Zn (µg/dl) and testosterone (ng/ml) levels were 663.10±100.5, 63.02±9.64, 1.68±0.39, 612.0±73.2, 81.1±8.3 and 5.62±0.74 in Akkaraman rams; 395.30±42.27, 37.17±3.94, 0.99±0.27, 488.6±76.4, 7S.6±8.3 and 3.66±0.64 in Merinos rams; 522.10±82.81, 49.36±7.88, 1.39±0.34, 590.3±98.8, 70.6±11.1 and 4.89±1.08 in Awassie rams; 904.70±204.6, 83.96±18.68, 2.80±0.86, 378.8±99.0, 57.2±7.5 and 5.28±0.84 in Corriedale rams; and 470. 13±98.87, 43.37±8.98, 1.91±1.10, 584.10±145. 86.90±9.8 and 5.62±1.72 in German black face rams, respectively. The positive correlation was observed between the seminal fructose and the fructolysis index l (P<0.001) in all breeds. In conclusion, it is indicated that fructolysis index which is a important criteria for determining sperm quality correlated with sperm fructose concentrations; therefore determining fructose level will be very useful in spermatologic trials.

Investigation of Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BHV-l) Infection by Serologic and Virologic Methods in Bulls

Sibel Yavru, Atilla Şimşek, Feridun Öztürk — 1998-04-01

A total of 300 blood sera samples taken from bulls in various ages and breed in Meat and Fish Association's Slaughterhouse in Konya were tested against Bovine Herpes Virus type 1 (BHV-1) antibodies by mic-roneutralisation test. 125 (41.66 %) sera were found to be positive . The neutralising antibody titers of the positive sera were detected between 1:2.37 and 1:200. The highest antibody incidence (91.1%-100%) and titers were observed in bulls over 3 years old. In addition, conjunctival or nasal swap samples from 15 bulls with respiratoric symptoms in Slaughterhouse were taken for virus isolation. A virus was isolated by inoculation onto cell culture. The isolated virus was identified BHV-1 by cross microneutralisation test for used hyperimmun sera obtained from rabbits.

Anatomischer und Histologiescher Structur des Hirnanhanges der Regenbogenforelle (Salmo gairdnerii)

Mehmet Çakır — 1998-04-01

Zusammenfassung: Salmo gairdnerii ist eine kulturele Ait der Forellin. Wenn man sich mit der forellinzucht beschMtigt, kommt man mit dem Gedanken zu Salmo gairdnerii. Die Kennlnis der biologischen Structur dieses Fisc-hes beitrâgt hinsichtlich der zucht auch zur Wirtschaft. Aus diesem Grund habe ictı in diesem Beitrag die anatomische und histologische Stiucter des Hirnanhanges in Angrif genommen. Ich habe festgeschtelt, dass sicht das Gewicht des Hirnanhange nach Atfer und Grösse des Fisches ândert. Histologich vorbereitete Prâparate wurden mit Triple und He-matoxylin-Eosin gefârbt. Anatomisch gesehen sieht das Hypophysis wie ein ovaler Apfel, aus der genau durch die mitte geschnitten ist. Dabei wurden zwei Teile Adenohypophysis und Neurohypophysis von Himanhang Sichtbar. Ausserdem habe ich die Dreiteilen von Adenohypophysis, pro-, meso- und meta-adenohypophysis, beobachten können. Dabei hat sich herausgestelt, dass die Existens der Zellen, deren Bau aus acidophyl, basophyl und chro-mophyl beslehen. Neurohypophysis streckt sich zu Meta-adenohypophysis hin aus. In Neurohypophysis habe ich die Existens der Pitucyte Zellen und Herringformen festgestet.

Effectiveness of the Various Staining Methods to Detect Abnormal Sperm Types and Rates in Fresh and Frozen-thawed Dog Semen

M. Bozkurt Ataman, Cengiz Yıldız, Abdullah Kaya, Melih Aksoy, Necdet Lehimcioğlu — 1998-04-01

Effectiveness of the various staining methods to detect abnormal sperm types and rates in fresh and fro-zen-thawed dog semen were studied. Semen samples were collected by digital manipulation. Abnormal sperm rates of fresh semen samples were determined following the fixation in Hancock solution or in the smears stained by eosin-nigrosin, hematoksilen-eosin and Caserette stains. Morphological examination of the semen samples were also conducted following freezing and thawing in Tris-fructose extender in 0.25 ml of French straw. Analyses of the data showed that there is no statistic difference (p>0.05) among the fixation and stain groups to determine abnormal sperm types and rates of fresh or frozen-thawed dog semen. As a conclusion; in addition to Hancock solution. different staining methods can be used to detect morphologically abnormal sperm in fresh and frozen-thawed dog semen.

Investigation of The Effects of Combination of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Vitamin C On Functions of Bovine Neutrophils in Vitro Conditions

Ahmet Levent Baş, Nuri Başpınar, Muammer Elmas, Seyfullah Haliloğlu, Enver Yazar — 1998-04-01

In this study, the effects of combination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and vitamin C at dilferent doses on functions of bovine neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leucoyte/PMNL), and the effects of dilferent ASA concentrations on accumulation of vitamin C in neutrophils were investigated. Neutrophils were obtained from six healthy Holstein-heifers in University Dairy Herd. Phagocytic and microbicidal activity of PMNL were measured with fluorescent microscopic technique and intracellular vitamin C levels were detenııined by spectrophotometer. Intracellular vitamin C levels were incerased by combination of ASA and vitamin C at different concentrations, bul this increase was not statistically significant. Furthenmore, phagocytic and microbicidal activity of PMNL were not statistically changed by these combinations.

Pathologic Investigations on Tuberculosis and Other Granulomatous Pneumonia in Cattle

Mustafa Ortatatlı, M. Kemal Çiftçi, Mehmet Tuzcu — 1998-04-01

The study was carried out to reveal the pathology and Incidence of tuberculosis (Tb) that currently increased and other granulomatous pneumonia (GP) in cattle. For this purpose, the lungs and the mediastinal-bronchial lymph nodes of 4062 cattle slaughtered at Konya Konet Slaughterhouse were examined, and in 53 (1.30 %) cases, GP were determined. Out of these cases, 45 (85 %) tuberculosis, 6 (11.3 %) actinobacillosis and 2 (3.7 %) pneumomycosis were diagnosed. In addition to these cases, tuberculous granulomas were found in 4 mediastinal lymph nodes as well, making up a totally 49 (1.2 %) Tb cases. Certain and differential diagnosis of these diseases was performed by typical macroscopic and microscopic features of the lesions and observations of agents on sections stained with specific staining methods. It has concluded that, by taking account To which made up 85 % of GP, GPs In cattle need to be examined in terms of Tb. Besides, that 1.2 % of all examined cattle suffers from Tb has shown the importance of antemortem and postmortem examinations in abattoirs lor public health.

Heterotypic Pulmonar Anomaly in Paralumbal Region of a Calf

Yılmaz Koç, Zeki Oğurtan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Fahrettin Alkan, M. Kemal Çiftçi — 1998-04-01

In this study, heterotypic pulmonar anomaly in a two-day-old female calf was described. Related clinical, radiological and histopathological results were discussed. The heterotypic pulmonar anomaly developed in the left pa-ralumbar region, resulted in depression on the medulla spinalis, hemivertebra in L₄ , and scoliosis in L_4-5

Multiple Congenital Anomalies in a Calf

Metin Münir Kıran, Mehmet Tuzcu, Yılmaz Koç, Mustafa Ortatatlı — 1998-04-01

In this report. a case of multiple congenital anomalies in a calf was described. These anomalies were consisted of atrezia of anus, colon and vulva, double cervix; agenesis of urethra-urinary bladder-right kidney-right ureter-right adrenal gland; hypoplasia of left kidney and ectopic left ureter.