Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2012; 28(1)

Atrioventricular heart valves of indigenous cattle (Bos indicus): The morphology and morphometry

Md. Nazrul Islam, Ferdaus Mohd. Altaf Hossain, Shahena Akhtar, Masud Alam — 2012-03-01

Aim: The aim of the study was to detect the gross morphology and measurement of the length of chordae tendineae of bovine atrioventricular heart valves for future bioprosthesis. Materials and Methods: Forty atrioventricular heart valves were obtained from cattle. The tricuspid and bicuspid valves were harvested by opening the four chambers of the collected heart specimen by placing finger tightly into the cusps of the valves and then the ventricular myocardium muscle trimmed out by scissor slowly. Harvested valves were gently packed with cotton wool to maintain the normal architecture of the leaflets and then preserved in 10% formalin solution. Results: A strongly significant (p<0.01) difference was found amongst the age group of anterior, intermediate and posterior cusps of the tricuspid valves. It's also same for the posterior cusp of the bicuspid valve (p<0.01), although a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was found for anterior cusps of the bicuspid valves. The mean length of the chordae tendineae of anterior cusp of 2.5 years age group was higher than posterior cusp. Conclusion: The arrangement of the valvular apparatus, the close relation tricuspid and bicuspid valves and adjacent structures like papillary muscles, chordae tendineae and atrioventricular conduction bundle are all important in the clinical arena for future bioprosthesis and other vital purposes.

Morphometric investigations on the vertebral column of the rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) and pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

Mehmet Fatih Yüksel, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2012-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine macroanatomy and the number of cervical, thoracal and lumbar parts of the vertebral column in rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) and pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Materials and Methods: 10 rock partridges and 10 pheasants were used as materials. The vertebral column was dissected out and morphometric features of vertebral bones were revealed. The boiled vertebral bones during 1.5 hours in 8% ammonia solution were cleaned from muscles, tendons etc. The morphometric measurements were performed by a digital calliper. Results: According to morphometric measurements of vertebral bones of partridges, the longest bones of cervical vertebrae were C7 and C8, the highest one was C13, the widest bones were C2 and C3; the bones with the highest canal were C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, the bone with the widest canal was C13, the bones with the largest cranial and the bones with the largest caudal width were C13, C3 and C7. When considering the morphometric measurements of vertebral bones of pheasants, the longest bone of cervical vertebrae was C8, the highest bone was C13, the widest bone was C3, the bones with the highest canal were C8, C10, C12, the bone with the widest canal was C13, the bone with the largest cranial width and the bone with the largest caudal width were C13 and C8, respectively. Conclusion: It may be stated that morphometric values of vertebrae of partridges and pheasants are similar to those of other poultry.

Investigation of paranasal sinuses based on dissection and multidetector computed tomography images in New Zealand rabbits

Sema Özkadif, Emrullah Eken — 2012-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to present anatomic properties of paranasal sinuses and conchae by dissection and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images in New Zealand rabbits. Materials and Methods: In this study a total of 16 adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes were used. After obtaining high resolution MDCT images of paranasal sinuses, the animals were euthanasied by conventional methods and then dissected their paranasal sinuses. Results: Based on dissection and MDCT images, it was determined that each half of New Zealand rabbit skull had maxillary sinus formed by two compartments that were divided by independently a nasolacrimal duct. We also showed that the well developed conchae were formed by dorsal, middle, ventral nasal conchae as well as endoturbinalia. Interestingly, we recorded no frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses in this species. The data obtained from dissection and MDCT images were in parallel to each other Conclusion: It has been suggested that this work using imaging technique in addition to common anatomical tecniques may contribute to future studies on paranasal sinuses and may add modern dimension to anatomical education.

Expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during the early pregnancy and estrous cycle

Ercan Kurar, Mehmet Osman Atli, Aydin Guzeloglu, Seyit Ali Kayis, Ahmet Semacan — 2012-03-01

Aim: Practical, reliable and economical pregnancy diagnosis method for as early as possible time of pregnancy in mares is still requirement. Immune tolerance against allogenic fetus is critically important during the early pregnancy. Tolllike Receptors (TLRs) are known to be an important part of innate immune system. Aim was to evaluate expression of TLRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during the early pregnancy in mare. Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected on days of ovulation (d0) and 8 during estrous and pregnancy from three same mares. Total RNA samples were isolated from PBMCs and cDNA synthesis was performed. Expressions of TLRs at mRNA levels were quantified by using realtime RT-PCR in duplicates. Relative Expression Software Tool (REST2009) was used for statistical analysis. Results: TLRs (1 to 10) were found to be expressed in PMBCs by RT-PCR. However, real-time PCR measurements failed to show effects of pregnant or cyclic status on expression of TLRs. Conclusion: According to these results, it may suggest that determination of TLRs gene expression in equine PBMCs during early pregnancy is not a good marker in understanding early equine pregnancy.

Acute phase response and clinical changes in calves with lipopolysaccharide induced endotoxemia

Alparslan Coskun, lsmail Sen — 2012-03-01

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of acute phase proteins and clinical changes in calves with lipopolysaccharide induced experimental endotoxemia. Materials and Methods: Eight Holstein breed calves were used in the study. Endotoxemia was induced via intravenous administration of 0.1 μg/kg dose of lipopolysaccharide in 50 mL of physiological 0.9% NaCl over 30 min. The calves were continuously observed for clinical changes during the experiment, and serum acute phase protein levels were measured. Results: Increase in respiratory frequency, tachycardi, mucosal hyperemia/cyanosis, recumbency, depression, hyperthermia/hypothermia, and poor suckle reflexes were observed in all calves after lipopolysaccharide administration. After lipopolysaccharide infusion, serum haptoglobin (500±93.2 μg/mL) and serum amyloid A (185±46.6) concentrations reached peak levels of at 36 h and 24 h, respectively. Conclusion: Changes in acute phase proteins and clinical findings were related to endotoxemia. A moderate to high increase in haptoglobin and serum amyloid A concentrations may indicate the presence of endotoxemia in calves.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates

Osman Erganiş, H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Kürşat Kav, Zafer Sayın — 2012-03-01

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine susceptibility of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates to antibiotics from layers, broilers and turkeys. Materials and Methods: The total of 28 isolates (2 layer pullets, 5 broilers, 21 turkeys and 2 standard strains) of O. rhinotracheale were tested. Eighteen antimicrobial discs (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin) were used to determine the susceptibility of O. rhinotracheale isolates to antimicrobials. Results: While all O. rhinotracheale isolates (100%) were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, all of O. rhinotracheale isolates (100%) were resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: In the treatment of O. rhinotracheale infections firstly antibiotic sensitivity should be determined.

Epidemiology and pathology of intestinal helminthiasis in fowls

2012-03-01

Aim: To investigate the epidemiology and pathology of intestinal helminthiasis of indigenous fowls. Materials and Methods: 109 fowl's viscera were collected from local market. Identification of helminths was done according to age, season and sex. Results: Over all 79 (72.47%) fowls were infected with one or more species of helminths. Seven species of helminth including two trematodes (Catatropis verrucosa, Echinostoma revolutum), three cestodes (Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida, Raillietina cesticillus) and two nematodes (Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum) species were identified. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of helminths were recorded in adults (78.37%) and males (78.43%) than in young (60%) and females (67.24%), respectively. Fowls were 1.85 times more susceptible (p<0.01) to helminth infection in dry season (79.55%) than wet season (67.97%). Intestine became thickened and inflamed with presence of necrotic spots. Conclusion: Intestinal helminths are the serious threat to the indigenous fowl production in Bangladesh.

Determination of some heavy metals in honey

FüsunTemamoğulları, Selma Yazar, Ruhtan Başkaya — 2012-03-01

Aim: To determine some heavy metal content in honey samples collected from twenty different villages around Ataturk Dam in Sanliurfa. Materials and Methods: Heavy metal content was determined from hundred natural liquid honey samples with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: Lead and Cadmium levels were determined as 0.349±0.147 (0.000-0.642) and 0.003±0.007 (0.000-0.038) ppm, respectively, Manganese was not detected in honey samples. From the point of lead and cadmium contents, the differences between villages were not found statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: When the consumption of the honey produced in Şanlıurfa is considered, it can be stated that they are harmless from the point of heavy metal content

Effect of ceftriaxone on blood pressure, respiration and its analgesic and antipyretic activities

Mohamed Aboubakr, Mossad Elsayed, Ashraf Elkomy — 2012-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ceftriaxone on blood pressure and respiration in dog. In addition, analgesic and antipyretic activities of ceftriaxone were investigated in mice and rats. Materials and Methods: Effect of different doses of ceftriaxone (26.66, 53.33, 106.66 mg/kg, IV) on blood pressure and respiration rate were determined in anesthetized dogs. Analgesic and antipyretic activities of two different doses of ceftriaxone were investigated in mice and rats, respectively. Results: Ceftriaxone had no effect on blood pressure and rate of respiration in anesthetized dogs. However, ceftriaxone (260 and 520 mg/kg) had a significant analgesic effect for four hours and had a significant antipyretic effect at 2.5 and 1.5 hours at doses of 180 and 360 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone is preferable in bacterial infections or feverish conditions owing to its antibacterial, antipyretic and analgesic activities.

Effect of meloxicam on serum vitamin and cytokine levels during endotoxemia

Akile Ozlem Yurt — 2012-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of meloxicam on serum vitamin and cytokine levels during lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. Serum biochemical concentrations were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Fifty male adult Sprague Dawley rats were used in this research. Five rats were reserved to obtain 0 time data then the rest were divided into 3 equal groups. First group received lipopolysaccharide (4 mg, intraperitoneal), second group received meloxicam (50 mg/ kg, intraperitoneal) and third group received lipopolysaccharide (4 mg, intraperitoneal) plus meloxicam (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Blood samples were collected at 2, 4 and 8 hours after administrations. Serum retinol, β-carotene, vitamin C, interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2 and routine biochemical values were measured. Results: After lipopolysaccharide administration, decreased β-carotene level (p<0.05) was inhibited by meloxicam while increased interleukin-1α level (p<0.05) could not. Lipopolysaccharide caused increase in damage indicator levels of heart, liver, kidney besides cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.05) while meloxicam administration was inhibited increase in creatine kinase-MB and cholesterol levels but caused more increase in urea and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: Meloxicam may be useful in inhibiting vitamin loses and heart damage. In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and vitamin supplementation may be useful during acute phase of endotoxemia.

Observations on trials of Potoclean^® as a teat-dipping disinfectant

Ahmet Semacan, Uçkun Sait Uçan, S. Merve Temimhan, Ülküm Çizmeci — 2012-03-01

Mastitis, especially caused by contagious mastitis agents is the most prevalent cause of intra mammary infections (IMI) in Türkiye. Contribution to mammary hygiene by post milking teat dipping with disinfectants is evidenced to decrease mastitis. An environment and user friendly disinfectant was observed on new IMI in 10 lactating cows in the Faculty's Farm, Konya, in this study. Two cows with subclinical mastitis at the beginning of the observation were not diagnosed mastitis again after 60 day's post milking teat dipping by the test disinfectant (right quarters). More IMI occurred in the control group (left quarters). No mycotic and clinical mastitis were occurred after trial (by both control and test disinfectants) in any of the quarters. Skins of the quarters to which test disinfectant has been applied did not showed any alterations as evidenced clinically by during the trial, although it was not analyzed histo-pathologically. The test disinfectant by comparison with the control showed that it may have a potential to prevent mastitis as evidenced by this preliminary observation.

Efficacy of a water-based disinfectant on reduction of egg shell bacterial contamination

Uçkun Sait Uçan, Ali Gök — 2012-03-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria levels of non-sprayed and sprayed eggs with a water-based disinfectant from a layer unit of the Veterinary Faculty Farm of SU. A total number of 80 eggs were used. Eggs with Poto- Clean® treated or not treated were examined by aerobic and Gram negative bacterial contamination using conventional culture techniques. A significant decreases in the counts of aerobic bacteria and Gram negative bacteria were found (p<0.001). Thus, this sanitizer showed a general ability to reduce bacteria on egg shells to a negligible number. The disinfectant tested is highly promising for such purpose.

Necrotic stomatitis and haemorrhagic enteritis in an Indian rock python

2012-03-01

Pythons are one of the largest snakes in the world. The Indian rock python bred in zoological garden had suffered from grievous injury on the frontal area of the head was received. A chronic stomatitis was evident with grayish lesions on either side of the lower jaw on the gingival mucosa. The lateral side of the left upper jaw showed partially sloughed skin of the lips hanging from the upper jaw indicating a chronic necrotic reaction. The stomach devoid of ingesta had catarrhal exudate and gastric ulcerations with mild edema. Throughout the small intestine there were petechial haemorrhages and necrotic foci, villous atrophy and the large intestine harboured several nematodes. Grossly, the lungs had catarrhal frothy contents, and microscopically showed alveolar septal thickening, congestion, haemorrhages and edema. Histological investigation of the stomach and intestine indicated epithelial sloughing, congestion, catarrh and bacillary population embedded in the crypts. Liver had focal hepatitis, haemosiderosis and portal fibrosis with biliary proliferation. The post mortem investigation revealed that the cause of death was generalized systemic disease due to chronic necrotic stomatitis, pneumonia and necro-haemorrhagic enteritis.

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2012; 28(1)

Atrioventricular heart valves of indigenous cattle (Bos indicus): The morphology and morphometry

Morphometric investigations on the vertebral column of the rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) and pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

Investigation of paranasal sinuses based on dissection and multidetector computed tomography images in New Zealand rabbits

Expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during the early pregnancy and estrous cycle

Acute phase response and clinical changes in calves with lipopolysaccharide induced endotoxemia

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolates

Epidemiology and pathology of intestinal helminthiasis in fowls

Determination of some heavy metals in honey

Effect of ceftriaxone on blood pressure, respiration and its analgesic and antipyretic activities

Effect of meloxicam on serum vitamin and cytokine levels during endotoxemia

Observations on trials of Potoclean® as a teat-dipping disinfectant

Efficacy of a water-based disinfectant on reduction of egg shell bacterial contamination

Necrotic stomatitis and haemorrhagic enteritis in an Indian rock python

Observations on trials of Potoclean^® as a teat-dipping disinfectant