Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1997; 13(1)

Breeding Possibilities of Pheasants (P. colchicus) in Intensive Conditions and Cold Climatic Zone; I. Egg Production and Hatchability Characteristics

Orhan Çetin, Cafer Tepeli, Kemal Kırıkçı — 1997-01-01

This study has been carried out for breeding possibilities of Pheasants were mated one male with live female in cages. Following the onset of lighting programme. the first egg was laid in 31 days. Average values off egg production, percent egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, hatchability of fertil eggs were determined as; 68.30. 39.37 %, 33.36 g, 81.63 %, 62.03 % and 75.99 % respectively. Egg production period of pheasants were determined as 173 days. Date of first oviposition were realized 41 weeks age. Average body weight of male and female adult pheasants (41 weeks age) were found as; 1430.83 g and 1214.62 g respectively. As a result of this study its considered that the pheasants will be able to breed in farm conditions in Middle Anatolia If optimal environmental conditions are provided. Further researches on improvement of production characteristics of pheasants should be carried out for the development of production industry of this species in Türkiye.

A Morphologic Study on the Effect of Leg Composition and Muscularity of Different Protein and Fiber Levels in Morkaraman Male Lambs

Ali Rıza Aksoy, Kadir Aslan — 1997-01-01

In this research, some of leg muscles (m, semitendinosus, m, semimarTtıranosus, m. adductor, m. glu-teobiceps, m, quadriceps lemoris, m, sartorius) ol lour groups ot 31 Morkaraman male lambs led with different protein and liber levels were dissected. The weights and lenghts ol dissected muscles were measured maximum circumference ol the muscles. In addition, muscles were removed also on lemur and tibia ve the weights, lenghts and circumlerence ol corpus were measured, From lour groups were compared muscle, bone, cold carcass, leg, leg muscles, leg latts and leg bones weights. There were no significant difference among groups, statistically; but there was an increase of muscle and bone weights, with the increase of protein levels on diets and was a decrease of lemur and tibia weights, with the decrease of fiber levels.

Investigation of Some Hematological Parameters in the Hamdani Sheep

Ayşegül Bildik, Fatmagül Yur, Ferda Belge, Yeter Değer, Semiha Dede — 1997-01-01

In this study, 15 Hamdani sheep and 4 rams belong to Research Center o( University of Yüzüncü Yıl were used as research material. Using spectrophoiometric tecnique the whole blood sample and plasma were analysed for the determination of the levels of glutathione, ceruloplasmin, Cu, Ca and P. In addition, haematocrit was determinated by using microhaematocrit technique. Animals having over 25 mg/dl glutathione were designated as high glutathione type (GSH^H ). Values of GSH^H . GSH^h , ceruloplasmin, Cu, Ca, P and haematocrit in Hamdani sheep were 30.8 ± 1.7 mg/dl, 11.88 ± 2.2 mg/dl, 12.68 ± 0.87 mg/dl, 75 ±23 (g/dl. 6.71 ± 0.4 mg/dl, 14.74 ± 0.63 mg/dl, % 33 ±0.37, respectively. These values in Hamdani rams also were 32.8 mg/dl, 22 ± 0.25 mg/dl, 12 ± 2.9 mg/dl, 91±40 (g/µdl, 9,45 ± 2.1 mg/dl, 5.69 ± 1.7 mg/dl and % 36.7 ± 1.3, respectively. Statisticaly positive correlation was found between Cu and ceruloplasmin concentration of plasma (p<0.05).

The Effect of Various Heating And Smoking Processes on The Quality of Turkish Fermented Sausage

Suzan Yalçın, Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu, Yılmaz Dündar, O. Cenap Tekinşen — 1997-01-01

This study was carried out to determine the effect of various heating and smoking processes on the quality of Turkish fermented sausage. Experimentally 4 sausage samples were manifactured. After 7 days of ripening periods heating and smoking processes were done except group I. Sample were analyzed for chemical microbiological and sensorial characteristics at different stages of the ripening. As a result, it is concluded that heating and smoking processes improved the quality of sausage.

The Determination of HCN Levels in Experimentally Poisoned with Cyanide

Sadettin Tanyıldızı — 1997-01-01

The preseni experiment was made to determinate the changes in the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in blood, urine and (issues. In this study, 400 mice their body weights from 40 to 45g were used. Sodium cyanide were mtrapentonally given in doses ol 0.1. 0 2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1 4 mçykg. Blood samples were obtained with decapitation of mice. Tissue samples ware taken Irom mice killed with chloroform. The cyanide and thiocyanate levels in samples were colorimelrically established oxidation of cyanide and thiocyanate by bromine water and coupling of pyridine -benzidine reagent. Sodium cyanide increased the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in blood, urine, liver, spleen, kidney and muscle samples in given all doses. The cyanide and thicyanale levels in blood, tissue and urine started lo increase respectively at 6min.. 1h. and 4h. and reached the maximum levels according lo doses at the different times. Then the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in samples gradually decreased and the cyanicfe levels in blood reduced the near levels of control groups at 720min. The thiocyanate levels in blood, the cyanide and thiocyanate levels in liver, spleen, kidney and muscles decreased the near levels ol control groups at 96h.

Light Microscopic investigations on the Embryonic Development of Chicken Bursa Fabricii

Nazlı Kocaöz, İlhami Çelik, Sadettin Ünsal — 1997-01-01

In this study embryonic development of Chicken Bursa Fabricii (Avian cloacal bursa) was investigated by light microscopy. For this purpose 1 50 fertilised eggs of a domestic hybrid line, GXSX were used as a material. From 6th to 17 th days of hatching, 5 of embryo containing eggs were opened each day and tissue samples were taken. Following fixation in alcholic-formaline or Helly fixatives, the tissue samples were immersed in paraffine blocks by means of common histological techniques. Tissue sections taken at 6µm in thickness were stained with Crossman's trchrome and Pappenheim's panoptic staining methods. Primordial bursa with a centrally located lumen was first observed on the 7 th day of hatching. Lymphoid follicle development started on 10 th day when large, basophylic mesenchymal cells migrated underneath the epithelial layer of the central lumen. The follicles have completely formed and gained organ-spesific organization by the 17 th day of hatching. In the surface epithelium of the organ, follicle associated epithelium (FAE) and interfollicular epithelium (iFE) were distinguished. Follicular medullae have been surrounded by a definite cortico-medullar cell line. The coitico-medullar epithelium, which is endodermai origin, constituted the subnodular epithelium (Sne) during the follicular development.

Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate Levels in Tissues in Mice Given SNP

1997-01-01

In this study, cyanide and thiocyanate levels at liver. spleen, kidney and muscle tissue samples obtained from mice which were given diferent doses sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were investigated. The cyanide and thiocyanate levels in the samples were colorimetrically determined the oxidation of cyanide and thiocyanate by bromine water and coupling of pyridine - benzidine reagents. Absorbances were measured at 532 nm. The cyanide and thiocyanate levels in tissue samples increased after 12 h. and arrived the maximum levels at the different times according to doses.Then the cyanide and thiocyanate ievels in samples decreased the same levels with control groups at 192 h.

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin and Adsorbents (palyvinylpolypyrrolidone and benionite) on Some Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Halis Oğuz, Ömer Demet — 1997-01-01

This study was concluded 10 determine the elfects o1 aflatoxin on some the performance parameters of broiler chicks and also to evaluate the preventive efficacy o1 various adsorbents jpolyviniylpolypyrrolidone; PVPP and benionite; BNT). given as teed additives, on expenmenlalty induced atlatoxicosis. A total ol 147 day-old unvaccinated broiler chicks (Avian) were divided into seven groups (control, AF, PVPP, AF+PVPP, PVPP+BNT, AF+PVPP+BNT, and AF+BNT) each consist of 21 chickens. 2.5 mg ol AF (total allatoxin; 83.1% 8,, 13.0% B₂ , 2,8% G₁ and 1,1% G₂ ), i y of PVPP. and 5 g of BNT were incorporated into per kg ot feed. Feed and water were provided ad libitum from 1 to 21 day& Feed consumption, body weighi were determined every 7 days. Died animals were recorded daily. Feed consumption (g/day) was 23.1, 17.2, 32.0. 18.6, 24 7, 24,4. and 23.4; final body weights were (g) 234.0. 183.1. 251.5. 162.3, 203 5,169.7, and 177.0 respectively. These results suggested that. AF caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in leed consumption and body weight gain Addition o1 PVPP and BNT on the diet containing AF has no significant improvement on performance parameters (p>0.05) in chicks.

Breeding Possibilities of Pheasants (P. colchicus) in Intensive Conditions and Cold Climatic Zone: II. Growth and Carcass Characteristics

Orhan Çetin, Kemal Kırıkçı, Cafer Tepeli — 1997-01-01

In this study; growth rate. feed consumption, feed conversion and carcass traits of pheasants has been investigated in Konya farm conditions. Hatching weight of Pheasant chicks were determined as 21.97±0.13 g. Average body weights of pheasants on fourth, eighth, fourteenth ve eightteenth weeks were determined as; 153,73, 462.87 . 835.61 ve 955.17 g respectively. Average body weights of female and male pheasants at the same weeks were realized as: 133.40 and 163.33. 420.16 and 495.56, 701.67 and 909.67 and 790.18 and 1074.92 g respectively. Feed conversion ratio and feed consumption were calculated as 5.51 kg and 5141.80 g. The slaughter percentage of female and male pheasants were determined as 80.37 % and 79,03 %. Breast percentage and thigh percentage o1 male and female pheasants were determined as; 34.00 % and 27.57 %, 34.39 % and 27.18 % respectively.

Histological Changes in Clıick Bursa Fabricii During Postembryonic Period

Nazlı Kocaöz, İlhami Çelik, Sadettin Ünsal — 1997-01-01

In this study, histological changes occurring postnatally in chicken bursa Fabricii were investigated by tight microscopic techniques.For this purpose, bursa Fabricii samples taken trom 60 domestic hybrid line, GXSX chic kens were used as a material. The tissue samples immersed in parattine blocks by means of routine histological procedures, following fixation in alcoholic-formaline and Hefty fixatives. Tissue sections taken at 6 pm in thickness were stained with Grossman's trichrorne, Pappenheim's panoptic and methyl green-pyronin staining methods. In the first three weeks of the posthatching period, lymphoid follicles growed gradually and occupied lamina propria ot the organ. The lymphoid follicles extended and gained lamp glass shape because of the compression. Any definite histological changes related lo the involution of the organ were not observed in both interfollicular epithelium (IFE) and follicle associated epithelium (FAE) by the 12 th week of the posthatching period. The early histological evidence ot involution such as intraepithelial and intralobular cysts were first observed in 12 th week ot posthatching period. As the age progressed, the cysts enlarged and int raf olive ular cysts occupied medullae ot the follicles. In the 14 th week of post-hatching period, the intralollicular cysts opened and cyst content discharged into the centrally located lumen through degenerated FAE region of the surface epithelium. The lymphoid follicles have lost their typical histological organizations and the organ had a multitubular appearance with a number of tubuli opening into the central lumen. Lymphocytic infiltration areas which were first observed in the posthatching 14 th week have expanded in 23 rd week. At the same period, a number ot pyroninophylic plasma cells were also observed in the lamina propria which were highly vascularized and had increased amounts ot fibrous and cellular connective tissue elements. These histological findings have revealed that bursa ot Fabricius, which has been regarded as a B-lymphocyte producing centrally lymphoid organ, may serve as a secondary lympoid organ at the late and residual periods of involution.

Experimental Studies on Cyanogenic Glycosides Poisoning in Sheep

1997-01-01

The presem experiment was made lo determinate the changes in the cyanide levels o1 rumen liquor and the cyanide, thiocyanaie. hemoglobin ve methe mo glob in levels in blood ol the sheep experimentally poisoned with amygdalin. Arrcygdaltn was given in the doses ol 0.25, Ö.5, t and 1.5 mg/kg through rumen probe An increase was observed m the cyanide levels ol rumen and the cyanide and thiocyanaie levels ot blood alter 30. minutes Blood cyanide levels arrived maximum at first hour in the all doses of amygdaliri (0.25, 0.5,1 and 1.5 mgfkg) Blood thiocyanaie levels reached maximum at first hour in the amount öt 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg and at second hour in the amount ol 1 and 1 5 mo/kg attef dosing. The cyanide and thiocyanaie levels gradually reduced and then decreased the near levels ot control groups at 72. hours. The hemoglobin and methe mo globin levels in blood didn't show importantly changes.

The Theory and Technique of Asıf. Part II: Treatment of Various Fractures Using Asıf on Fixation of Plates and Screws

Zeki Oğurtan, Fahrettin Alkan — 1997-01-01

In this part II, application of lag screw technique (interfragmental compression) with cancellous and cortex screws, axial compression and neutralization plate fixations with decompression plate, along with schematic fixation of various fractures, using ASIF techniques in small animals, have been outlined lo guide the veterinary surgeons.

Arteries of the Brain in the Dog

Hasan Erden, Nejdet Dursun, İsmail Türkmenoğlu — 1997-01-01

The dog has been a frequent subject for laboratory studies ot the cerebral circulation. By means ot co-toroud latex injected preparations, the anatomy of the arterial supply to the brain has been determined in Anatolian shepherd dog. As a material, fourteen adult dogs were used. The main source of blood supply to the brain of the dog is from the internal carotid artery and the basilar artery. The external carotid artery can contribute to perfusion of the brain in dogs through anastomoses between extracranial and intracranial circulations.

A Comparative Study oıı the Histomorphology of Olfactory Bulb in Greyhound and Outdoor Dog

Mehmet Kanter — 1997-01-01

In the present study, ollactory bulbs of greyhound and outdoor dogs were compared histologically. It was found that the olfactory bulbs of both species were constituted by accessory and main parts having the same layers (nerve, glomerular, eksternal pleksitorm, mitral cell, internal pleksiform and granular cell). Nerve, glomerular and mitral cell layers were very wide and there were many glial cells in the last two layers in the olfactory bulbs of greyhound. However, tn outdoor dog. these layers were very narrow and there were few mitral and glial cells. Differences in the smelling ability between greyhounds and outdoor dogs were thought lo be depended on the histomorphological differences ot their olfactory bulbs.

Arterial Vascularisation of the Neck of the Dog

Hasan Erden, Nejdet Dursun, İsmail Türkmenoğlu — 1997-01-01

In the preseni study was undertaken to determine the arterial vascularisalion oi the neck ot Turkish shepherd dog. Fourteen adull dogs of either sex were used as a material. The vascular tree of the neck was injected through the common carotid arteries with coloured latex. The main source of blood supply to the neck ot the dog was from the vertebral, costocervical, cervical superficial and common carotid arteries, but the cranial laryngeal and occipital arteries were a potantial source ot blood to the neck via anastomoses o ccipito-vertebral and cranial laryngeal-cranial thyroid. The sternocleidomastoideus branch ot the caudal auricular artery contributed to the arteriel vascularisation of the neck. In addition, a small branch arising Irom the brachiocephalic artery was determined in three dogs.

The Macroanatomic Investigations on the Lymph Drainage from Mamma in Angora Goat

Zafer Üaşçı, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Hakan Yalçın, Kamil Beşoluk — 1997-01-01

In this study, eight Angora goats were used. The numbers and the courses of the lymph vessels providing the lymphatic drainage of the mammary glands were macroscopically investigated in Angora goats. The lymph vessels o! providing the lymphatic drainage ot the mamma are twelve in number each udder in Angora goats. Efferent lymphatic vessels ol the mammary glands are two-four in number and they were drained in lo the medial iliac lymph nodes. It was seen that mammary branches of the external pudendal artery supplied to the glands. It was observed that venous drainage ot the mammary gland is provided the mammary branches of the external pudendal vein.

Macrounatomic Investigations un the Formation of the Portal Vein and It's Intrahepatic in Angora Goat

Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Zafer Daşçı, Hakan Yalçın, Kamil Beşoluk — 1997-01-01

In this study the formation of the portal vein, the vessels joining to this it's courses to the portal hepatic and intrahepatic distribution were investigated. It was observed that portal vein is formed by the cranial mesenteric, splenic and gastroduodenal vein. It was determine that the splenic vein was formed by pancreatic, epiploic, right and left ruminal. reticular and left gastric vein. It was seen that cranial mesenteric vein is formed by the caudal pancreatic duodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic and right colic vein. Portal vein was divided into right and left branches in hepar of the Angora goats.

The Investigation of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Zn levels of Blood Serum of the Ewes in Izmir Region

Ali Muhtar Tiftik, Selma (Çınar) Doğanay — 1997-01-01

In this research designed for determining Cu,Fe,Tolal iron binding capacity (TIBC) and Zn levels of blood serum of the healthy ewes grazed in the meadows in Izmir Region, a total of 250 units of blood-samples, being from a; least 10 ewes in each herd, were collected from different 15 herds belonging to various villages ot some different counties of İzmir (Karşıyaka, Seferihisar, Torbalı, Kemalpaşa. Urla) After eliminated sera that shows haemolyses, copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Zinc levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in 210 sera. In the assessments respect to serum Cu, Fe, TIBC and Zn leves, considerable diversities-being at p< 0,01 levels- from the statistical point ot view were observed between the average values of the counties and herds Although there were considerable differences from county to county, the average values of these counties and herds that indicated the lowest values in respects o1 iron and zinc contents, were found to be either similar to or just over the normal values. Therefore, it can be stated that the meadows of the counties in questions are rich enough in the elements investigated, and so, there is no need for adding those elements in to ewes rations. In the result of the assessment considering only the copper content, the average serum copper-level of the ewes (rom Torbalı County of Izmir was found to be remarkably lower, with a rate of p<0.01, than those from other counties. This level is actually lower than the limits of normal values.The average values o! only one among the herds in Torbalı and 54.54% rate of the entire ewes when considered the individual values, have been found to be lower than the deficiency limit. Under the light of all these findings, taking apart the fact that no soil and plant analyses were executed during the research, we can claim thai the meadow soil and plant levels in this county lack in copper and the rations of those animals grazing at meadows are required to be reinforced with copper content.

PROF. DR. NAZİF ANIL'IN HAYATI ve ÇALIŞMALARI ÜZERİNDE BİR İNCELEME

Aşkın Yaşar — 1997-01-01