Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2012; 28(4)

Ectoparasite infestations of sheep and goats

Tesfaheywet Zeryehun, Muluneh Atomsa — 2012-12-01

Aim: To determine the prevalence and type of ectoparasites fauna in small ruminants in Western Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Physical examination and laboratory investigations were employed in the 434 small ruminants (307 sheep, 127 goats). Results: The overall prevalence of ectoparasite was 34.1% (148/434) accounting for 135 (43.9%) in sheep and 13 (10.2%) in goats. The difference in prevalence between the two species was statistically significant (p<0.05). Overall, seven species of ectoparasites which belong to lice, ticks and fleas were identified. Among the external parasite identified, in sheep Damalina ovis (19.5%) was predominant followed by Boophilus decoloratus (14.9%) and Linognathus ovillus (11.1%) while in goats Boophilus decoloratus (4.4%) was the dominant external parasite followed by Linognathus stenopsis (3.1%). The prevalence of Ctenocephalides species was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the young goats than adults. The prevalence of Amblyoma variegatum, Hyaloma species, Damalina ovis, Linognathus ovillus and Ctenocephalides species in sheep, and Linognathus stenopsis in goats was higher (p<0.05) in animal with poor than good body condition scores. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence and diverse ectoparasite fauna; hence a serious attention is warranted in the study area.

Serodiagnosis of ovine neosporosis in Mosul city, Iraq

Maab AL-Farwachi, Basima AL-Badrani, Wesam AL-Khafaji — 2012-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the serodiagnosis of Neospora caninum by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) among ewes in Mosul city. Materials and Methods: Totally 288 sheep sera obtained from six farms were examined for antibodies against Neospora caninum by iELISA. Results: Antibodies were found in 35 ewes (12.2%) with prevalence of 7.3, 10.4 and 18.8% in the aborted ewes, pregnant ewes, and in the healthy non pregnant animals, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first evidence of Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep from Mosul city.

The prevalence and pathology of ovine coccidiosis in Kerman, Iran

Reza Kheirandish, Saeid R Nourollahi-Fard, Elham Eslah — 2012-12-01

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine Eimeria infection in sheep in Kerman province. Material and Methods: Totally 227 faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of sheep. Faecal samples were analyzed using floatation technique for the presence of coccidian oocysts. Oocysts per gram of feces and Eimeria species were identified. Results: Seven species of Eimeria (E. crandallis, E. ovina, E. parva, E. ovinoidalis, E. faurei, E. ahsata and E. intricata) were identified. The age and sex of the sheep had no significant (p>0.05) effects on prevalence of coccidiosis. Conclusion: Eimeria infection was prevalent in sheep and anticoccidial treatments should be recommended.

Prevalence and pathological studies on ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis in Kashmir valley, India

2012-12-01

Aim: To describe prevalence and pathology of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep slaughtered in Kashmir Valley, India. Material and Methods: 2155 ovine lungs from various abattoirs were examined. Lungs with gross pneumonic lesions were collected. Specimens taken from the different lobes were collected for bacteriological culture. Based on the bacteriology, tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Duplicate sections were stained for connective tissue by Masson's Trichrome Stain, elastin by Hart's method, neutral and acid mucopolysaccharide by Combined Alcian Blue PAS technique, and mast cells by Toluidine Blue Stain. Results: Out of 956 grossly pneumonic lung samples, Pasteurella spp. was isolated from 398 affected lung samples giving an overall prevalence of 18.46% (398/2155) in the population studied. The prevalence was significantly (p≤0.01) higher in winter (29.76%) and spring (21.03%) as compared to autumn (12.35%) and summer (9.4%). Gross and histopathological examination revealed features typical of fibrinous pneumonia. Conclusion: Ovine pasteurellosis is highly prevalent in Kashmir Valley. These findings will help in developing better control measures against the disease to prevent the ensuing economic losses

Circulus arteriosus formation in cat brain

2012-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the formation of the circulus arteriosus of the brain in cats of both sexes. Materials and Methods: Anatomical dissections were performed on 50 cadavers of adult cats, 25 males and 25 females, with a medium rostrum-sacral length of 47.9 cm and 46.6 cm respectively. Cats were positioned in right lateral recumbency and a thoracic incision was performed to remove the 6^th and 7^th ribs to cannulate the thoracic portion of the aorta. After fixed with a 10% formaldehyde solution and injected with latex solution stained with pigment, the cats went through craniotomy and dissection of the brain to identify the formation of the circulus arteriosus. Results: The arteries of the base of the brain were dependent of the carotid and vertebral-basilar systems, which were responsible for the brain arterial circuit formation. The brain circuit was rostrally closed by the presence of the rostral communicating artery in 46% of the animals and caudally closed in 100%. Conclusions: Studies that clarify the organization, distribution and possible variations of the blood vessels of the encephalon base, certainly will contribute for the advance in the clinical-surgical boarding in domestic animals.

Superoxide dismutase and antioxidant status of hens' granulosa cells exposed to lead and molybdenum

Marcela Capcarova, Adriana Kolesarova, Alexander V. Sirotkin — 2012-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) of ovarian granulosa cells of hens cultured in vitro after lead (Pb) and molybdenum (Mo) administrations. Material and Methods: Ovarian granulosa cells were incubated with lead acetate/ammonium molybdate administrations as follows: group A (0.09/0.09 mg/mL), group B (0.13/0.13 mg/mL), group C (0.17/0.17 mg/mL), group D (0.33/0.33 mg/mL), group E (0.5/0.5 mg/mL) and the control group without any additions for 18 h. Results: Antioxidant status of granulosa cells was dependent on Pb and Mo doses. Higher doses of both metals caused significant reduction of SOD activity. TAS of cells was decreased in experimental groups. Conclusion: Trace elements can adversely affect animal reproductive system and its functions, through either direct or indirect effects on oxidative stress induction.

Ultrasonographic imaging of normal reticulum and traumatic reticuloperitonitis in crossbred cows

Sheikh Imran, Shivali Sharma, Abid Ali Bhat — 2012-12-01

Aim: To describe observations based on ultrasonographic examination of the reticulum in healthy crossbred cows and to compare with cows suffering from traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Materials and Methods: Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 10 non-pregnant cows. The reticulum was scanned at the level of elbow in the left 7th to 5th intercostal spaces (ICSs) and the right 7th to 6th ICSs as well as in the median, the right paramedian, and the left paramedian regions. Crossbred adult cows suffering from traumatic reticuloperitonitis were also evaluated ultrasonographically for comparison with the clinically healthy cows. Results: The reticular wall was seen as a thick echogenic line adjacent and caudal to diaphragm. The amplitude of the first reticular contraction ranged from 5.6 to 10.4 cm. Echogenic bands between the reticulum and the diaphragm, and deposits of heterogeneous echostructures (consisting of echogenic fibrin and hypoechogenic fluid) on the surfaces of reticulum, rumen, spleen, liver, and omasum were observed, representing local peritonitis. Conclusions: More routine use of ultrasonography may aid in early diagnosis of traumatic reticuloperitonitis and detection of its sequelae, which are difficult to detect by clinical examination alone.

Application of autogenous vaccine in bitches with transmissible venereal tumor

2012-12-01

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the success of autogenous vaccine application in treatment of TVT. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 8 bitches with TVT. . The autogenous vaccine applied on the dogs was maddened the based on the bovine papillomatosis vaccine. Approximately 24 g of tumor tissue and 48 mL Tris buffer (pH 7.5) solution were crushed in cold conditions (+4 0C) during 15-20 minutes in mortar disintegrated with autoclaved sterile sand. Half of the mixture (36 mL) was completed with tris buffer to 60-65 mL. 0.5 percent formalin was added this mixture and mixture was portioned to 6 each has 10 mL. The prepared vaccine was administered 4 times (SC) with an interval of 1 week. Dogs were followed up 3 months after 4th application and evaluations were performed for tumor regression. Results: Serosanguineous or hemorrhagic genital discharge was determined in dogs prior to application of autogenous vaccine. The lesions in external genital organs are like cauliflower, rubescent, fresh-looking and easily bleed on touched. After administration of the autogenous vaccine, serosanguineous or hemorrhagic genital discharge from the masses on the external genital organs of dogs continued, and there were no changes in the mass fragility. After the application of autogenous vaccines at four times, there was no any decline and improvement in the masses on the vagina and vulva. Conclusions: It is believed that a viral agent may contribute to the etiology of TVT. Prepared autogenous vaccine technique used in the treatment of bovine papillomatosis derived from bovine papilloma virus may not be suitable in the treatment of bitches with TVT.

Evaluation of superovulation responses in some domestic ewe breeds

Ayşe Merve Köse, Sakine Ülküm Çizmeci, İrfan Tur, Mehmet Güler — 2012-12-01

Aim: To compare the superovulation technique on some local-breed ewes. Materials and Methods: Daglic (n=19), Herik (n=27) and Norduz (n=30) breed were used in this study as material. Ewes were treated with intravaginal progesterone sponge for 12 days during breeding season and administered reducing doses of FSH. After sponge removal, ewes in estrus were mated with fertil rams and given 750 IU hCG. Ovarian response was assessed 7 days after mating and oviducts were flushed for embryo collection by laparoscopy. Results: Superstimulation rates and superovulation response of Daglic, Herik and Norduz ewes were 57.9%-63%, 78%-66% and 80%-76%, respectively. Average number of corpus luteun and embryo of Daglic, Herik and Norduz ewes were 7.71-4.29, 9.30-3.00 and 10.3-3.33, respectively. Minimum fertilization (embryo) and recovery rates (embryo + UFO) were 55% and 68% for Daglic, 32% and 63% for Herik, and 32% and 62% for Norduz, respectively. There was no statistically significance in the investigated values (p>0.05). Conclusion: It may be stated that administered superovulation technique has similar effect on the three ewe breeds.

Efficacy of anthelmintics against nematodes in naturally infected free range ducks

2012-12-01

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of four anthelmintics (piperazine citrate, albendazole, fenbendazole, ivermectin) against nematodes of free range ducks. Twenty free-range ducks were selected from different farmer's house by fecal examination which was infected with three species of helminths. Ducks were divided into four treatment groups with five replications. Eggs per gram of faeces (epg) were calculated on pre-treatment and on day 7^th , 14^th , 21^st and 30^th post-treatment. All the anthelmintics showed 100% efficacy up to 14 days against all helminths except Amidostomum sp. Fenbendazole showed 100% efficacy against all nematodes except 67% against Capillaria sp. up to 21 days. Ivermectin showed 100% efficacy against all the helminths up to 21 days. Ducks treated with piperazine citrate, fenbendazole and ivermectin got the maximum protection against infection with Capillaria sp. In conclusion, it might be stated that piperazine citrate and ivermectin showed better efficacy than albendazole and fenbendazole.

Helminthiasis in the pigs of Rangamati district of Bangladesh

Safiul Ahad Sardar, Debaraj Chakma, Anisuzzaman, Kamal Hossain, Ausraful Islam — 2012-12-01

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of helminths among domestic pigs. Totally 135 local pigs and cross-breed pigs were sampled. The faecal samples were examined by using Stoll`s ova counting method. Among the sampled pigs 75 (55.5%) were infected with one or more species of helminths. The prevalence of Metastrongylus sp. and Fasciolopsis sp. was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the pigs of 0-12 months age and 0-70 kg body weight groups compared to over 12 months and 70 kg body weight groups. The prevalence of Fasciolopsis sp. was significantly (p<0.05) higher in males and local pigs than females and cross-breed pigs, respectively. In conclusion, pigs are infected with several species of helminths. So regular dewarming is necessary which will not only develop the health status of the domestic pigs but also will reduce the risk of the zoonoses.

Coligranuloma in a pigeon

2012-12-01

Coliganuloma is characterized by nodular granulomas in liver, mesentery and walls of intestine and is caused by Escherichia coli. This article describes gross and histopathological characteristics of coligranuloma in a pigeon. Grossly, there were observed multifocal nodular lesions on the serosal surface of the intestine, oviduct, pancreas, gizzard and liver. For the histopathological study, tissue samples from the affected organs were taken and stained. The affected organs were processed for the bacteriological examination. Escherichia coli was isolated from affected tissues. Histopathologically, there were found typical granulomas with caseation necrosis and bacterial colonies in central area surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and heterophils. Based on gross, histopathological and microbiological findings, coligranuloma was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coligranuloma in pigeon.