Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2006; 22(1-2)

Some Biochemical, Blood Gases and Haematological Alterations in Downer Cow

Hasan Güzelbekteş, Alparslan Coşkun, Aliye Sağkan Öztürk, İsmail Şen, Mahmut Ok — 2006-03-01

The aim of this study is to determine some biochemical, blood gases and haematological alteration in downer cows . Nine recumbent cow and 5 healthy cows were used as a material. Serum Mg++ (p<0.005) and Alb (p<0.05) levels were significantly decreased in the experimental groups cows compared with the control group cows. But serum CPK (p<0.005) and AST (p<0.005) levels were significantly increased in the experimental groups cows compared with the control group cows. pH (p<0.05), pC02 (p<0.05), HC03-(p<0.05) and BE (p<0.05) levels in ve-nouse blood were significantly increased in the experimental groups of cows compared with the control group of cows. But K (p<0.05) level in venouse blood was also significantly decreased in the experimental groups of cows compared with the control group of cows. As a results, decrease in magnesium level and metabolic alkalosis in the downer cow was determined. Therefore application of calcium, phosphours together with magnesium in the treatment of downer cow could be useful.

Effect of Egg Weight on Hatchability, Growth and Survival Rate in Japanese Quail

Tamer Çağlayan, Şeref İnal — 2006-03-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hatching egg weight on hatchability, growth and survival rate in Japanese Quail. In this investigation, 2147 eggs were obtained from 8-10-weeks old quails that were reared at the Veterinary Faculty Farm of Selçuk University, Turkey and used as the material. Eggs were classified as less than 10 g, 10-11 g, 11-12 g, 12-13 g, 13-14 g, 14-15 g and greater than 15 g. When different egg weight groups were compared on hatchability of total eggs and apparent fertility, there was a statistically important difference (P< 0.001). The differences among groups for hatchability of fertile eggs and embryonic mortality were not found significant (P>0.05). Groups of 10-11 and 11-12 g were found better than other groups based on apparent fertility and hatchability of total eggs. The highest hatchability of fertile eggs and the lowest embryonic mortality were determined group of 11-12 g. The poorest hatchabilities were found in group less than 10 g. Generally, it was observed that when egg weight increases chick weight also increases, and this situation was active in following ages (P<0.05). The quails among groups of egg weight for survival rate were not found significant (P>0.05). It was concluded that eggs in the group of 10-12 g is the most suitable eggs for incubation.

Renal Ultrasonographic Findings in Dogs with Experimentally Induced Ethylene Glycol Nephrosis

Turan Civelek , Fatih M. Birdane, Bülent Elitok — 2006-03-01

In this study renal ultrasonographic changes were evaluated in six dogs administered commercial antifreeze (95% ethylene glycol) 2 ml/day/kg of BW, PO, during 3 days. Prior an hour and after antifreeze was applied in 12.,36.,60. and 84. hours totally five times studies were made. Blood and urine samples were collected from dogs besides ultrasonographic examinations. It was evaluated ultrosonographically that within twelfth hours after ethylene glycol administration in 2 dogs and within thirtysixth hours in 4 dogs renal cortical echogenicity increased from mild to middle degrees. On the other hand within sixtieth hours in one dog and within eightyfourth hours in a total of four dogs central medullar regions and corticomedullary junction were sonolucent (Halo sign). While gastrointestinal system irritation and severe calcium oxalate crystaluria for two dogs were observed within 12. hours, oliguria and severe crystaluria for all dogs were determined after 36. hours. Most cli-nicolaboratory values were support to ultrasonographic diagnosis. Ultrasonographic findings were not considered pathognomonic of ethylene glycol nephrosis however, increase of cortical echogenicity within 12. hours can be assessed as primary alteration for oxalate nephrosis.

The Effects of Long Term Physsical Exercise on Haemotological and some Biochemical Parameters in Horses

Hasan Güzelbekteş, Mahmut Ok, İsmail Şen, Alparslan Coşkun — 2006-03-01

In this study, the effects of intensive physical exercise on haematological {RBC, WBC, Hgb, Ht) and some biochemical (T.P, albumin, glikoz, BUN, ALT, ALP, AST, LDH, GGT, CK, Creatinin, Na^ ve TCa"-) parameters in marriageable horses were investigated. 34 female crossbred England Horses (7-10 years old) were used in this study. Horses were exercised four hours daily for 10 days on dry sand and closed manage. In compared all parameters before and after exercise, WBC (p<0.05), Ht (p<0.05), TP (p<0.05), Albumin (p<0.05), Glikoz (p<0.05), BUN (fx0.05), AST (p<0.05), LDH (p<0.05), CK (p<0.005) and Na++(p<0.05) were increased statistically after exercise compared with before exercise. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that long tenm trained in horse would be cause to changed serious on some haemotological and biochemical parameters.

Historical Development of Veterinary Pathology in Turkey (1842-2002)

Aşkın Yaşar, Atilla Özgür, Rahşan Özen — 2006-03-01

In the first sixty years (1842-1904) of veterinary medicine education and training in scientific sense in Turkey, pathology education was provided in Vetennary Medicine Military School under name of Tesrih-i Marazi" since 1905 and together with "ilm-i Ensac" between 1913 and 1921. It is also know that in the period between 1908 and 1921, pathology course was provided in Civilian Veterinary Medicine School. In scope of historical development of veterinary medicine education in Turkey, this study aims to determine history ol veterinary medicine pathology, which is a bridge between different fields of veterinary medicine practices, and analyze its contribution to science at national and international level in terms of pathology education and training, educating scientists as well as research and scientific publications. The study was considered in context of classical history methodology. It was determined that veterinary medicine researches in Turkey had produced the following output: one book and 19 Turkish articles between "1923-1932"; 16 books and 21 Turkish arid two foreign language articles between 1933-1947 and 30 books. 75 Turkish and 64 foreign language articles between 1948-1973. It was found that the Health Sciences Institutes in Ankara, Firat, Selçuk, Istanbul, Uludağ and Yuzuncuyil Universities awarded total 55 PhD and 4 M.Sc. degrees on veterinary medicine. It was detected that 16 assistant professors, 13 associate professors and 13 professors (total 42} and 23 research assistants were working in all veterinary me

Effects of Tanniferous Oak leaves (Quercus hartwissiana) on Some Haematological Parameters in Lambs

Metehan Uzun, Feyyaz Önder, Metin Çenesiz, Mehmet Kaya, Sedat Yıldız — 2006-03-01

Aim of this study was to investigate whether feeding tanniniferous oak leaves (Quercus hartwissiana) for two months results in anaemia in lambs. For that purpose, 42 Tuj ewe lambs (&-9-month-oW) were used and the lambs were randomly allocated to one ol seven treatment groups (n = 6) as follows: control group, 0g leaf 0g PEG (polyethylene glycol, for binding tannins), group 1; 185 g leaf + O9 PEG, group 2; 185 g leaf + 10g PEG, group 3; 185 g leaf + 20g PEG, group 4; 370 g leaf + 0g PEG, group 5; 370 g leaf + 20g PEG, group 6; 370 g leaf + 40g PEG. All groups were given 272 g concentrate and varying amounts of hay, such that the amount of leaf plus to hay was equal to $45 g. The lambs were fed in individual metabolism cages twice daily at 08.00 and 16.00 h and had access to water at all times. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment (Day 60) and red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit values, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and maximum and minimum osmotic haemolysis values were determined. Groups did not differ significantly in terms of the parameters measured. In conclusion, contrary to the reports related to other quercus species, in the current study, feeding Quercus hartwissiana lor two months did not result in anaemia in lambs.

Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis and Determination of Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Cattle in Bursa province

Engin Kennerman, Güney Kaya, Serkal Gazyağcı, Cahit Babur, Selçuk Kılıç — 2006-03-01

Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and determination of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle in Bursa province were aimed in this study. The material of the study was consisted of randomly selected twohundred healthy Holstein cattle aged 2 month - 5 year from six different districts in Bursa province. Clinical examinations were performed and blood samples were collected from all cattle. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were analyzed with Sabin Feldman test. Anti - T. gondii antibodies were detected in 146 (73%) of 200 cattle and 54 (27%) cattle were found seronegative. Higher seropositivity was observed in Keles (86.2%) whereas lower se-ropositivity was found in Central district (63%). No difference was detected in hematological analysis of seropositive and seronegative cattle. As a result, it was determined that seroprevalance of toxoplasmosis was high in cattle in Bursa region and it was found that young cattle were more susceptible to infection in this study. It was concluded that prophylactic procedures must be performed in cattle against toxoplasmosis which is an important zoonotic infection for public health.

Investigations on the Presence of E. Coli O157: H7 in İnegöl and Hamburger Meat Balls

Abdullah Keleş, Gürkan Uçar, Ahmet Güner — 2006-03-01

In this study, totally 41 minced meat, 32 hamburger balls (7 refrigerated. 25 frozen) and 46 Inagol meat balls (29 refrigerated. 17 frozen) were investigated for contamination of E. coli0157:H7, total mesophilic aerobic and coliform bacteria. One sample of minced meat (2.43%), 3 samples of refrigerated Inegot meat balls (10.34%), 1 sample of frozen Inegol meat balls (5,88%) and 3 samples of frozen hamburger balls (12%) were positive for E. coli 0157 serotype. E. coli 0157 serotype was not detected in refrigerated hamburger balls. And also H7 serotype was not detected in all E. coli 0157 positive samples. TMA counts of Inegol meat balls were 1.57x10⁷ for refrigerated samples and 7.4x10⁶ cfu/g for frozen samples. TMA counts of hamburger balls were found as 3.1X10⁶ for frozen samples and 3,3x106 for refrigerated samples. Counts of coliform bacteria and coliform contaminated samples in Inegol meat balls were found higher than minced meat and hamburger ball samples. As a result, although E. coli 0157:H7 was not detected in all samples, E C0//O157 serotype was found as 8.69% for Inego! meat balls, 9.37% for hamburger balls and 2.43% for minced meat samples. Higher coliform bacteria contamination of Inegol meat balls and hamburger samples than minced meat and highest microbiological counts in Inegol meat balls show that hygienic conditions were low in the production of these meat products.

Bacteria Isolated from Lungs of Sheep With Pneumonia and Antibiotic Susceptibilities

Dilek Öztürk, Mehmet Çorlu — 2006-03-01

By the study, it was aimed to isolate the bacteria from sheep lungs with pneumonia and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility. A total of 150 lung samples from sheep with pneumonia was collected at Konya Meat and Fish Abottoir, A total of 60 bacterial agents was isolated from the 38 (25.33 %) of 150 sheep lung. Isolated microorganisms were identified as follows: of 15 (25 %) were Mannheimia haemolytica, 18 (30 %) Mycoplasma spp., 2 (3.3 %) Pasteurella multocida, 9 (15 %) Streptococcus spp., 10 (16.7 %) Staphylococcus spp., 3 (5 %) Aeromonas hydrophila, 1 (1.7 %) Escherichia coli, 1 (1.7 %) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 (1.7 %) Pseudomonas spp. In addition; antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria isolated (except Mycoplasma spp.) to various antibiotics were tested by disc diffusion method. Pasteurella spp. isolates were determined susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, flor-fenicol (100 %), danofloxacin, ampicillin, and furazolidone (94.11 %), oxytetracycline (88.23 %). Staphylococcus spp. isolates were determined susceptibilite to enrofloxacin, florfenicol and oxytetracycline (100 %) amoxicillin/clavulanik asit, danofloxacin (90 %), gentamycin and penicilin (80 %),

Prevalence of Canine Heartworm Disease in the Gemlik Area, Bursa

Turan Civelek, Alparslan Yıldırım, Anıl Iça — 2006-03-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) infections in dogs in the Gemlik area, Bursa. This study was carried out between June 2004 and September 2004. A total of 100 dogs with various ages and sexes were included in the study. Of these, 65 were between 0.5 and 2 year old, 25 were 3-6 year old and 10 were over 7 year old. Heparinized blood specimens obtained from dogs were separately examined with native and Modified Knott techniques for the presence of circulating microfilariae while sera were examined with commercial test kit for the presence of circulating antigen. No circulating microfilaria was found in peripheral blood of examined dogs by native and modified Knott techniques whereas parasite antigens were determined in the sera of two male dogs one of which was aged between 3-6 years and the second was over 7 years. In conclusion, the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis was determined as 2 % amongst dogs in the Gemlik area, Bursa (Occult infection).

Effects of Storage Time and Temperature on Hatchability of Japanese Quail Eggs, Survival and Growth Performance of Chicks

Mustafa Garip, Süleyman Dere — 2006-03-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of storage temperature and periods on quail (Co-turnix coturnix japonica) eggs hatchability and subsequent chick growth performance. Total of 6000 eggs was collected from a quail flock consisting 250 male and 750 female quails of same age, managing and feeding conditions. In the experiment, 3 (storage temperature, 11, 21, 27°C) x 4 (storage period, 1,5, 10, 15 day) factorial design was exerted. The eggs were divided into twelve groups including 12-15 g breeding quality eggs. All eggs were stored in the egg storage room with 75±5% relative humidity. There was not significant effect of egg storage period and temperature on mortality at first ten days and 5 weeks of age and feed conversion ratio throughout the experiment (P>0.05). The average five weeks body weight of quails were obtained lowest in one-day storaged groups (P<0.05). In the temperature groups, the highest body weight was at the 11°C groups (P<0.05). There was a decrease for this trait along with the temperature increase. The lowest body weight was observed in 21 °C group (P<0.05).

Detection of Helicobacter pylori by Dot-Immunobinding Assay and Polymerase Chain Reaction in Cats and Dogs

Dilek Öztürk, Osman Erganiş — 2006-03-01

By this study, the presence of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa samples of cats and dogs were investigated by culture, microscopy, direct urease test, Dot-Immunobinding Assay (DIA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). For this reason, biopsy samples from antrum of 41 dogs and from corpus and cardia of 40 dogs by endoscopy and from antrum, corpus, cardia of 9 dogs and 2 cats by necropsy were taken three times. Blood samples from the 39 dogs were taken for serological examination by DIA test. Neither H. pylori nor any other Helicobacter spp. could be isolated from the animals used in the study. Positivity for Helicobacter spp. by the direct urease test were found in 59 (38 %) of 154 gastric mucosa samples. All serum samples of dogs were found to be positive by DIA. Mucosa samples of the dogs (n=148) and cats (n=6) were analysed using CAM-2 and CAM-4 primers by PCR, and produced only one positive result from a dog corpus. In conclusion, this study reports that the gastric Helicobacter spp. which can be strains that cannot be cultured found in the stomach of dogs and cats.

Molecular Mechanism of Anti-Luteolysis during the Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Cows

Aydın Güzeloğlu — 2006-03-01

Maintenance of secretion of progesterone from the ovarian corpus luteum (CL) is essential for establishment of pregnancy in cows. The luteolytic prostaglandin (PG) is PGF2ot in cows causing regression of the corpus luteum and cessation of progesterone production. Pregnancy is established and maintained through a complex interaction between the conceptus and the maternal environment including the uterus and corpus luteum. This complex interaction was found to be driven by trophoblastic proteins. A specific trophoblastic protein was determined to have homology with interferons and later identified as interferon-tau (IFN-t). One function of IFN-t is to extend the lifespan of corpus luteum and to reduce the pulsatile release of PGF2ct from the endometrium in cows. A clear inhibition of secretion of PGF2ft by IFN-t in vitro from bovine endometrial cells has been shown by a number of studies. However, the cellular mechanisms as to how PGF2a secretion is inhibited by trophoblastic IFN-t have been under extensive investigation. Studies over the years have suggested various regulatory mechanisms as to how IFN-t exerts its effect to reduce PGF2a secretion to maintain the corpus luteum. Current explanations are that IFN-t acts on the endometrium to reduce expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) that are involved directly in stimulating pulsatile PGF2a secretion from uterine epithelial cells. Alternatively, IFN-t acts on uterine epithelial cells to cause transcriptional inactivation of the PG H Synthase-2 (PGHS-2) gene.

Vaccine Development from Serotypes O1, 02,078 and O1O1 of Escherichia coli against Avian Colibasillosis in Broilers

Osman Erganiş, H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Hasan Solmaz — 2006-03-01

In this study, a polivalance vaccine (PECA) prepared from Escherichia coli serotypes 01, 02, 078 and 0101 were investigated to determine how effective to E. coli infections in broyler chicks. Chicks were subcutaneously vaccinated by PECA in 10th and 20th days in 0.2 ml and 0.5 ml doses, respectively. The other group was hold as controlled. Before and after vaccination, blood sampling was carried out at 10 days intervals and antibodies in the serum samples were detected for each serotype by micro serum agglutination test and existence of pilus antibodies by plate agglutination test. Ten day after vaccine application, chicks were challenged. By these trials, 10% of the chicks vaccinated once with PECA and 30% of the pullets from control group died. Mortalities in groups vaccinated twice and control died 5% and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, polivalance E. co//vaccine could be recommended in protection of broyler chicks to E. coli infections. However, it was also conidered a combination of PECA with inactivated Newcastle vaccine may be useful.

Current Approaches in the Treatment of Septic Shock

Ayşe Karabacak, Enver Yazar — 2006-03-01

It is achieved that developments about care-intensive device and drugs, nowadays. However, mortality is still very high in septic shock patients. In this review, it is mentioned that the current approach in the treatment of septic shock.

DÜZELTME

2006-03-01

Heart and Chest Veins in the Rabbit

E. Ümran Bozkurt, Nejdet Dursun — 2006-03-01

In this study, obtaining Gazi University, Department of Laboratory Animals 10 adult New Zealand rabbits(6 female, 4 male) were used as experimental animals. Colorized latex was injected to materials and materials were dissected and photographs were taken. It was observed in the rabbits used that there are two cranial caval veins: as the right cranial caval vein and the left cranial cava! vein. Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and right cardiac veins were determined to be the venous vessels of the heart. It was determined coronary sinus was found to be lacking in the rabbit. It was observed that right azygous vein was present in the rabbit and it was arosen from the right cranial caval vein.