Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2020; 36(3)

Comparison of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid test for the detection of bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus in anatolian water

2020-09-01

Aim: Coronaviruses and Rotaviruses are important virologic factors for both animal and human health in Turkey and the world. Bovine Rotavirus (BRV) and Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) in cattle cause significant economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of BRV and BCoV in Anatolian buffaloes which were on the same farms with cattle. For this purpose, presence of these two viruses were investigated by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and BRV-BCoV Rapid tests and sensitivity and specificity ratios of these two tests were compared. Materials and Methods: In this study, 230 Anatolian buffaloes were clinically evaluated in cattle farms in Afyonkarahisar region. Fecal samples were collected from 27 buffaloes which had clinical signs (weakness, dehydration, vomiting, watery consistency and yellow stool). The fecal samples were evaluated by Rapid Test and RT-PCR for Bovine Rotavirus and Bovine Coronavirus. The analyzes were performed according to the procedure of the commercial RT-PCR and rapid kits. Results: The RT-PCR results were positive as 22.2% (6/27) for BRV and 3.7% (1/27 27/1) for BcoV while Rota-Corona Rapid test results were negative in all samples. When compared with RT-PCR results for both viruses, the rapid test sensitivity and specificity was determined as 0% and 100%, respectively. In addition, positive rates of BRV was statistically important as BCoV rate in analyzed samples (p<0,05). Conclusion: In conclusion, low sensitivity of rapid test may be due to the change in the amount of virus scattered throughout the course of enteric infections.

Effect of multiple-dose administration of carprofen on hematological and biochemical parameters in sheep

Duygu Durna Çorum, Ramazan Yıldız — 2020-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of carprofen on hematological and biochemical parameters following repeated intravenous administration of different doses. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy Akkaraman sheep were enrolled. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups. Carprofen was administered intravenously to the sheep in the first group at a dose of 4 mg/kg, and to the sheep in the second group at a dose of 16 mg/kg once a day for 5 days. To evaluation of hemogram and biochemical panel blood samples were taken before carprofen administration (0 hours) and 12, 24, 48, and 120 hours after administration. Results: There was no difference between hematological and biochemical parameters of different dose administration groups. The highest potassium, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate amino transferase and total protein levels were determined at the 12th hour after administration of 4 mg/kg carprofen. The highest troponin-I level was seen at the 12th hour after administration of 16 mg/kg carprofen. However, the decrease in the levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit at a dose of 16 mg/kg was more marked, this change was within the normal reference values. Conclusion: It has been observed that carprofen can be used safely at 4 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg doses for 5 days in the sheep. However, safety needs to confirm by histopathological and molecular studies.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in long-extremity fractures of dogs

Cansu İstim, Mustafa Arıcan — 2020-09-01

Aim: This study was aimed to follow the prognosis of clinically and radiologically following the implementation of the minimally invasive method with locking-compression plate (LCP) in dogs with long extremity (humerus, femur and tibia) fractures. Materials and Methods: The material of the study consisted of 13 dogs of different breeds, ages and genders brought to our clinic with a long extremity fracture. In 13 cases in the study; 11 tibia (84.6%), 1 humerus (7.6%) and 1 femur (7.6%) fractures were identified. Results: It was observed that the operation times were shorter in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Tibia osteosynthesis times were shorter than others and medial approach to tibia was easier and anatomical position. It was observed that humeral and femoral fracture approaching especially periosteum arrive and reduction of bones was difficult because of excessive muscle tissue to dissect . Conclusion: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis creates less soft tissue damage compared to invasive methods, however wound healing time is short. Small incision are made during the operation, the approach to bone and the soft tissue closure process takes a short time. This method is an ideal operation method that can be chosen to create a minimum wound in cases with gunshot wounds and circulatory disorders.. It is not always appropriate to use this method in dislocated fractures of humerus and femur since excessive muscle tissue that needs to be dissected in the approach. The selection of cases suitable for the operation increases the success rate.

The determination of alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positivity in peripheral blood leukocytes of Kyrgyzstan?s mountain yaks (Bos grinniens)

Nariste Kadıralieva, Emrah Sur, Yasemin Öznurlu, Tuğba Özaydın — 2020-09-01

Aim: A lysosomal enzyme, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), has been used to differentiate T and B lymphocytes, and monocytes in various species in peripheral blood smears. In this study, it was aimed to determine the positivity of the ANAE in peripheral blood leukocytes of Kyrgyzstan's mountain yaks, as also known Topoz, (Bos grinniens). Materials and Methods: As a material, the peripheral blood samples collected from healthy thirteen Kyrgyzstan's mountain yaks, 2?4 year old aged, were used. ANAE was demonstrated on smears prepared from blood samples. Results: ANAE-positivity was observed in all monocytes and only some lymphocytes. ANAE-positivity pattern in lymphocytes was dot like characterized with 1-4 reddish-brown cytoplasmic granules while all monocytes have a diffuse, fine granular enzymatic reaction along whole cytoplasm. No enzymatic reaction was observed in neutrophil and eosinophil leukocytes. The ANAE positive lymphocyte rate was found to be 58,85 % in Kyrgyzstan's mountain yaks. Conclusion: Studies on Kyrgyzstan mountain yaks have been extremely limited due to their living conditions and aggressive temperaments of these animals. Therefore, any kind of structural, histological, enzyme histochemical, physiological, biochemical and anatomical studies on these animals, as well as case reports of various diseases that may be faced by veterinary clinicians or academicians working in the country, will guide the studies to be carried out on these animals in future.

Determination of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli strains in chicken meat samples

Güzin İplikçioğlu Çil, Görkem Cengiz, Buse Arslan, Ufuk Tansel Şireli — 2020-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli in retailed chicken thigh, breast and wing meats, with and without packaging. Materials and Methods: In the study, retailed 30 chicken thigh, 30 chicken breast and 30 chicken wing samples, were used as materials. After pre-enrichment, each sample was plated to the Brillance ESBL medium and incubated. Up to 5 suspected colonies were selected and plated to the EMB medium. Then the isolates were identified as E. coli by IMViC test. In order to determine the ESBL production of the isolates phenotypically combined disc diffusion test was performed according to the CSLI. Results: From the 159 suspicious isolates, 152 (95.5%) of them identified as E.coli. According to combined disc diffusion test 28 (18.4%) of the isolates were ESBL positive. 17 (60%) ESBL producing isolates were found in the breast meat samples while 9 (32%) isolates from thigh and 2 (7%) isolates from wings were positive for ESBL production. The distribution of ESBL producing E. coli isolates in packaged and unpackaged samples were determined as 71% and 28%, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of ESBL producing E. coli in chicken meats indicates that foods may also be an important source for the transmission of this resistance to human. Although foods are regularly examined in the context of pathogenic bacteria, bacteria producing GSBL are not covered by this. For this reason, it is suggested to determine the isolates genotypically about this resistance by analysis.

Quality classification of alfalfa hays according to protein and fiber contents

2020-09-01

Aim: This study was made to determine the quality classification of alfaalfa hays produced in Turkey according to their protein and fiber levels and use in national feed tables. Materials and Methods: The nutrient analysis results of 210 alfalfa hays were used. Results: The crude protein (CP) levels in the dry matter (DM) ranged from 8,79 to 22,96%, with an average of 16,83%. The mean of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) level was 47,25% (28,39-69,30%) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) level was 37,01% (22,76-52,57%). According to the CP, 6 quality classes were created. Alfalfa hays containing more than 21% CP were considered as 1st quality, 19-21% as 2nd, 17-19% as 3rd, 15-17% as 4th, 13-15% as 5th, and less than 13% CP as 6th quality. It was seen that about 23% of the samples were in 3rd quality range, 26% in 4th, 19% in 5th and only 9,5% of samples were in 1st quality range. It was determined that ADF (r = -0,67) could be used for quality classification when the correlations between CP and NDF or ADF were examined. In the quality classification of 1st to 6th, it was found that for ADF, the classification from 1st to 6th would be <28%, 28-32%, 32-37%, 37-41%, 41-46% and >46%, respectively. When alfalfa hays evaluated according to the average protein, energy and fiber levels, all samples were found in 4th quality. Conclusion: Cultivation of extra leafy alfalfa in country, revision of drying methods and reduction of leaf loss should be emphasized.

Evaluation of Nigella sativa's cold press oil as vaccine adjuvant

Uçkun Sait Uçan, Aslı Sakmanoğlu, Ali Uslu, Zafer Sayın, Ecem Oğlakçı Cansoy — 2020-09-01

Aim: In order to identify an organic and plant based, less toxic, cheaper and more effective adjuvant, a cold pressed oil of Nigella sativa (CPNSO) and one of the essential components of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), thymoquinone (Thymoquinone ) were investigated as adjuvant candidates. Materials and Methods: Adjuvant potentials of the both were measured by examining specific antiibody titers to ovalbumin given in presence of either of CPNSO or thymoquinone, in vivo. Such potentials of thymoquinone alone (A1), CPNSO (A2), mCPNSO (experimentally formed by addition of thymoquinone to CPNSO making up mCPNSO that was contained 10% more thymoquinone than original CPNSO did; A3) and Al(OH)3 (A4) in presence of ovalbumin in Swiss albino mice (n=36, female). The effects were determined by measuring anti-ovalbumin antibodies after immunization to ovalbumin by home-made ELISA in mice. Results: Sera and conjugate were optimally diluted 1/200 and 1/40.000, respectively. Mean OD values at 450 nm of the groups control (A0), A1, A2, A3 and A4 were 0,043 (± 0,002), 0,668 (± 0,074), 0,644 (± 0,018), 0,675 (± 0,066), and 0,745 (± 0,09), respectively. Conclusion: By comparison control, all three (A1, A2, A3) of the test formulations were found to be as effective as commercial (A4) formulation in triggering humoral response to ovalbumin (p > 0,05). Therefore, each of Nigella sativa based adjuvant candidates has an alternative potential to Al(OH)3 in the mouse.

Evaluation of the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase, complete blood count and some serum biochemical parameters in bitches with pyometra

2020-09-01

Aim: Objectives of this study were to evaluate serum biochemistry and complete blood parameters in bitches with pyometra and to determine the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase and these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 bitches with different breeds, 6-14 aged, were used in the study. The bitches with pyometra (n = 20) were diagnosed by anamnesis, clinical and ultrasonographical examination. The bitches in the control group (n = 6) were selected from >6 years old healthy animals brought to the clinic for various reasons (genital organ examination, etc.). A blood sample was taken from V. cephalica to evaluate the parameters of complete blood count and serum biochemistry from bitches in both groups. Results: It was determined that WBC, neutrophil and monocyte values were higher (p<0.05), and RBC and lymphocyte values were lower (p<0.05) in bitches in the pyometra group than the control group. Urea, ALP and LDH concentrations were higher and albumin concentrations were lower in bitches with pyometra (p<0.05). Moreover, it was found that the results of complete blood count and serum biochemical parameters in bitches with closed cervix pyometra were more affected than bitches with open cervix pyometra. In addition, LDH concentrations were found to be significantly higher than reference values in bitches with both open and closed cervix pyometra. Strong positive correlation (p<0.05) was determined between the LDH concentrations and WBC, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, CK and negative correlation (p>0.05) was determined between LDH and RBC and albumin in bitches with pyometra. Conclusion: As a result, it was found that WBC and neutrophils increased significantly in bitches with pyometra and kidney and liver functions were affected adversely. In addition, it has been determined that systemic problems were more serious in bitches with closed cervix pyometra. However, since LDH concentrations were correlated with kidney and liver enzymes, it was concluded that measuring LDH concentrations in bitches with pyometra may be useful in determining the prognosis.

Antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of giant fennel (Ferula elaeochytris Korovin) from the Hatay region

2020-09-01

Aim: Today, increasing antibiotic resistance has focused the science world on the discovery of new antimicrobial molecules or the development of alternative methods of struggle. One of the alternative methods is thought to be inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing (QS). Because the QS system performs a crucial part in the synthesis of virulence factors in bacteria. Numerous medicinal plants are known to have promising antimicrobial and anti-QS activities. One of these plants may be giant fennel (Ferula elaeochytris Korovin), which has been extensively used in Anatolia for years. Therefore, it was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-QS activities of the root extract of F. elaeochytris Korovin in this study. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the extract was screened by disc diffusion assay against various microorganisms. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against sensitive strain(s) were determined using broth microdilution assay. Anti-QS activity investigated on inhibition of violacein and pyocyanin production in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioreporter strains, respectively. Results: The extract exhibited the antimicrobial activity against only Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition (ZOI) = 9.3±0.6 mm). The MIC and the MBC values were determined as 4.4±1.9 mg/mL and >105 mg/mL, respectively. No inhibition of violacein production was detected. Pyocyanin production was reduced by 60% and 82% at sub-MIC concentrations (at 1.64 mg/mL and 3.28 mg/mL, respectively) as against the control (p<0.05) without suppressing bacterial growth. Conclusion: This study shows that the root extract of F. elaeochytris Korovin may be a good candidate to develop antistaphylococcal and anti-QS agents.

The effects of oleuropein on lung and heart injury in cecal ligation and puncture - induced sepsis

2020-09-01

Aim: Sepsis is a fatal serious clinical disorder. The oxidative stress in sepsis plays an important role in the inflammation. Therefore, the effects of oleuropein (OLE) and ceftriaxone (CEFT) on sepsis were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into five equal groups: Sham, Sepsis, CEFT, OLE-150 and OLE-300, The 150 mg/kg of ceftriaxone (i.p.), and 150 and 300 mg/kg OLE (p.o.) were administered to the treatment groups fifteen minutes before the experiment. After 24 hours, blood samples, lungs and hearts tissues were taken. The creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were all determined. In addition, the expressions of the interleukin (IL)-8 in lung and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? in heart were pathologically and immunohistochemically were determined. Results: Sepsis caused significant increases in CK, LDH, LPO, GSH and heart CAT activity and caused inhibition of SOD and lung CAT activity (p<0.001). The OLE significantly decreased the LPO and GSH levels (p<0.001) and increased the SOD in activity of both tissues and CAT activity in lung tissue (p<0.001). Moreover, CEFT significantly decreased the LPO level (p<0.01) and increased tissue SOD and CAT activities in lung tissue (p<0.001). CK and LDH activities in serum showed marked decrease in OLE and CEFT groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Antioxidant and a notable anti-inflammatory effect of OLE by reducing IL-8 and TNF-? levels have been stated. Thus, a strong antioxidant, such as OLE, would be beneficial for the treatment of sepsis.

A study on scientific and professional life of Prof. Dr. Hümeyra Özgen

Aşkın Yaşar, Emine Merve Danış, Esra Çelik — 2020-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to reveal the national and international studies carried out veterinary science in general and animal nutrition and nutrition diseases in particular, academic and administrative duties and responsibilities, and the contributions of Prof. Dr. Hümeyra Özgen to the history of science and the world of science, and also contribute to biography and bibliography studies in the history of veterinary medicine. Materials and Methods: The material of the study consisted of primary sources and newspaper of the period obtained from archives of the Selcuk University Rectorate, the Deaconship of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Konya Chamber of Veterinarians. The information obtained from the document analysis was written in accordance with chronology with a retrospective approach. Results: Born in Istanbul in 1924, Özgen completed her higher education at Ankara Veterinary Faculty of Higher Agricultural Institute in 1946. She completed her Bacteriology specialization in 1949 and her doctorate in Germany in 1951 and she received the title of Dr. Med. Vet. in 1952. Özgen, who started to work as a Dr. Assistant at AU Veterinary Faculty, Feedstuffs and Animal Nutrition in 1962, received the title of first female academician in Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Nutrition. Özgen was appointed as Associate Professor in 1966 and Professor in 1972. Özgen, who was appointed as Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at F.U. in 1978, became the founding dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at S.U. as the first founding female dean in the history of veterinary medicine in 1982. Conclusion: It can be suggested that it is a subject in need of further investigation whether the first founder woman Dean Özgen, the first woman in the faculties of veterinary medicine known as founder dean, in all faculties of universities in Turkey.

Gastric intestinal metaplasia in a dog

Tuğçe Baş, Gülsüm Boran Çayırlı, Mahmut Ok, Mustafa Arıcan — 2020-09-01

Aim: The material of the case was a 12-year-old male Maltese Terrier dog who came to the veterinary faculty animal hospital with complaints of loss of appetite, stagnation, weight loss, intermittent diarrhea and vomiting that did not respond to treatment for 6 months. Intestinal metaplasia was diagnosed as a result of clinical examination, laboratory analysis, ultrasound examination, endoscopic examination, radiological examination, experimental laparotomy and histopathological examination. As a medical treatment for the dog; chronic gastritis treatment was applied. For this purpose, intravenous 0.9% NaCl and 5% dextrose solutions, vitamins and amino acids, maropitant, ranitidine, sucralfate, and Ceftriaxone were used for 2 weeks. It was observed that there was no response to the medical treatment applied for 2 weeks and was referred to the operation. A 1-1.5 cm biopsy material was taken from the pyloric antrum. Intestinal metaplasia was diagnosed as a result of histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen taken. After the operative intervention, oral food intake was prevented and parenteral feeding was given for 10 days. It was observed that the same symptoms continued to decrease on the 30th day of the post-operative period. Gastric intestinal metaplasia was found to be effective in chronic vomiting of dogs that did not respond to treatment. Although endoscopic examination made a significant contribution to the diagnosis of the disease, it was concluded that histopathological examination was more reliable in the type and etiology of the lesion.