Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2021; 37(2)

Investigation of the histopathological effects of increasing amounts of peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) added to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) feed as a growth promoter on liver

2021-06-01

Aim: In the present study, peppermint oil was added to the ration of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and it was aimed to shed light on similar studies in the future by examining its effect on liver tissue by light microscopy. Materials and Methods: In the study, 10-day old, 40 Japanese quails were used. There were 4 groups of 10 chicks, each with 5 males and 5 females. Groups; Control group 0.3% sunflower oil (SO)+0.0% peppermint oil (PO), the other three groups 0.2% (SO) +0.1% (PO); 0.1% (SO)+ 0.2% (PO) and 0.0% (SO)+0.3% (PO). Created by adding oil ad libitum. From the paraffin blocks prepared by routine tissue follow-up from the liver, sections were taken with a rotary microtome. Hematoxylin-Eosin stained preparations were examined under a light microscope. Results: The lobule structure divided by the septum interlobaris was not seen in the liver. A small amount of inter lobuler interstitium and consequently the triple structure (trias hepatica) expected to coexist in the hepatic lobes, contrary to what is known, was scattered. It was observed that simple hepatosteatosis occurred in parallel with the increasing fat ratio in the diet. Conclusion: It has been observed that peppermint oil, which contributes to increase the yield by increasing protein synthesis and feed utilization, as well as providing a healthy breeding opportunity with its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effect, should be given at an appropriate dose in order to benefit from these positive properties.

Determination of embryotoxic dose limit of detomidine with in-ovo model

Rahmi Canbar, Muhittin Uslu, Öznur Tufan, Enver Yazar — 2021-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the embryotoxic dose limit of detomidine with an in-ovo model using fertile hen?s eggs. Materials and Methods: 210 fertile eggs were divided into 7 equal (n: 30) groups and placed in the incubator under optimum conditions. No application was made to the first group. On the seventh day, normal saline solution, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/kg doses of detomidine were administered to egg air-sacs in the other groups, respectively. On the 21st day, the eggs were opened and malformations, dead embryos and non-fertile eggs were determined. Results: While 3, 2, 4, 6 and 5 dead embryos were determined in 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg treated groups, respectively, no dead embryos were observed in the control and saline groups. While one non-fertile egg was determined in the control and 5 mg/kg detomidine groups, no nonfertile eggs were observed in the other groups. Mortality rates of detomidine group at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg were higher than the control and saline groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering that the used smallest dose is 7.8 times higher than the highest recommended dose for the target species, recommended dose can be accepted safe in pregnant mammals for embryonic death. However, considering that the dose should be 100 times lower as a safety factor for mammals, it should be taken into account that negativities may also be observed.

Comparison of different diagnostic methods in detection of canine parvovirus infection

Irmak Dik, Atilla Şimşek — 2021-06-01

Aim: The study is to compare sensitivity and specificity rates of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochromatographic assay (IC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests which are widely used to diagnose CPV-2 infections of dogs with severe gastroenteritis symptoms. Materials and Methods: The stool samples were collected from 100 unvaccinated dogs with gastroenteritis symptoms. They were analyzed by ELISA and IC test kits for CPV-2. Also, the samples were investigated by PCR assay using the CPV-2 primer set amplify partial of VP2 gene to determine sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Results: The sensitivity of IC was 36,6% and of ELISA was 24,2% compared to the PCR test. Also, both tests had 100% specificity. The IC test, and ELISA results were determined statistically different according to PCR (p <0.05). Conclusion: The ELISA and IC assays had low sensitivity. Therefore, the tests can give false negative results in puppies with gastroenteritis symptoms and this situation can increase the spread of the disease. In conclusion, the negative determined samples by IC and ELISA methods should be verified by PCR and detailed studies should be carried out to increase the sensitivity of these tests.

Comparison of steroid and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications in the treatment of collagenase induced tendinopathy in rabbit

Nuriza Zamirbekova, Nuri Yavru — 2021-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and MPA (methylprednisolone acetate) injections in rabbits achill tendinopathies induced by collagenase (Collagenase Type I) Materials and Methods: Achilles tendinopathy was formed with intrathendinous injections of type I collagenase into the proximal and distal regions of the right and left achilles tendons of 23 rabbits. PRP was injected distal to the right Achilles tendons and MPA to the distal of the left Achilles tendons. A 0,9% saline solution was also injected into the proximal parts of all achilles tendons. Rabbits were euthanized 3, 6, and 8 weeks after the therapeutic injections. The degree of histopathological degeneration of the tendons was made according to the Modified Movin scoring. Results: Statistically significant differences were detected between the treatment groups and the 0.9% saline injected group (p<0.05). In the histopathological evaluations performed at the end of the 6th week no statistically significant difference was detected between the treatment groups (p>0.05) without tenocyte nuclei (p<0.05). At the end of the 8 weeks vascularization and tenocyte nuclei (p<0.05) parameters was observed better in the Achilles tendons of the rabbits undergoing PRP injection compared to rabbits with MPA application. Conclusion: In conclusion, we consider that PRP injections tend to provide an earlier improvement in the treatment of tendinopathy compared to MPA injection.

The expression of steroidogenic genes in ovine corpus luteum during early pregnancy

Mustafa Hitit, Mehmet Köse, Bülent Bülbül, Nadir Koçak, Mehmet Osman Atlı — 2021-06-01

Aim: The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of steroidogenic genes in ovine corpus luteum during early pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The animal model was designed as pregnancy; ewes were divided into three sub-groups, pregnancy 12th day: P12, pregnancy 16th day: P16, pregnancy 22th day: P22, and cyclic day 16 (C16). The expression of steroidogenic genes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; StAR, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage; P450sscc, and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/ delta5 delta4-isomerase; 3?HSD) was evaluated using qPCR, and mRNA localization of StAR was detected on P16 against C16 through in-situ hybridization. Results: The expression of StAR mRNA was higher on day P22 and P16 compared to P12 (p<0.05), while it was at a steady-state level on day P22 vs P16 (p>0,05). mRNA expression of P450scc was greater on day P22 and P16 than day P12 (p<0.05), however on day P22 vs P16, it was at a steady-state level (p>0,05). Also, mRNA expression of 3?HSD had a similar trend; it was higher on day P22 and P16 compared to P12 (p<0.05), while it was at a steady-state level on day P22 vs P16 (p>0,05). In in-situ hybridization, we did not detect StAR mRNA on cyclic day 16 (C16) while abundantly expressed in luteal cells in P16. Conclusion: The mRNA expression of steroidogenic genes may appear to play a critical role during early pregnancy in ewes. Accordingly, it can be suggested that the steroidogenic pathway in the corpus luteum of ewe may transcriptionally regulate progesterone synthesis required for maintenance of early pregnancy.

Examination of some hemogram values by ROC curve in the diagnosis of parvo viral enteritis in dogs

Merve Ayyıldız, Mehmet Emin Tekin — 2021-06-01

Aim: This study was carried out to find out cut points with ROC curves for the diagnosis of the disease in hematological values obtained through blood tests from the patient animals brought to clinics make the diagnosis easier and more precise and to strengthen the decision-making process during the diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: In this study, blood samples of 50 parvoviral patients and 53 healthy dogs were used. Blood from healthy dogs was analyzed at the laboratory. Patient data were obtained from clinical records. The haematological values of the sick and healthy dogs were statistically analyzed with the computer package program, and the best cut points for disease and health were determined by ROC curve method. Results: As a result of the research; RDW parameter was determined as the highest classification power in terms of the area under the curve with a value of 0.93 The cut point for RDW was found to be 12.4. In the second row, the effective parameter with the value of 0.75 is the LYM # parameter and the cut point is 2.69. Also, MCHC (0.74), MCV (0.73) and PCT (0.73) field values and MCHC, MCV, PCT and WBC parameters also have significant discriminating power. The cut points; dogs have parvoviral disease at values with RDW>12.4, LYM # ≤ 2.69, MCHC> 31.7, MCV≤ 62.9, PCT> 0.25, HCT≤ 48.1 and WBC≤ 6.59. Conclusion: It is recommended that the cut points of LYM #, MCHC, MCV, PCT, HCT and WBC parameters, especially RDW, can be used to diagnose dogs' parvoviral enteritis disease.

Life story and academic studies of Prof. Dr. Ahmet Noyan

Nigar Yerlikaya, Özgül Küçükaslan — 2021-06-01

Aim: This study was carried out in order to reveal the scientific life story of 103 year old Prof. Dr. Ahmet Noyan, who left a mark in the veterinary profession, as well as to contribute to the biography archive of veterinary medicine. Materials and Methods: Prof. Dr. Ahmet Noyan's personal files in the archive of Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and original documents in his private archive were created. Missing information on the subject was completed by interviewing face to face. The information obtained from the document analysis was evaluated retrospectively and transcribed. Identification of archive documents and necessary explanations are given in footnotes. Results: Professor Dr. Ahmet Noyan who is a doyen academician of physiology which is one of the basic constituents of Turkish Veterinary Medicine; graduated from the HAI VF in 1940, and took up a position as an assistant in 1943. After completing his graduate education in the USA in 1949, Noyan returned to his country, became an associate professor in 1951 and a professor in 1961. Since 1973 he has continued his studies in the Department of Physiology at HUFM of Science Department of Biology. Noyan, who has been involved in many scientific and professional activities in national and international fields for more than 40 years in his professional life, retired in 1984. His book named "Physiology in Life and Medicine", which is described as an extraordinary example of success in his field, has become one of the bookmarks of medical and veterinary medicine students with its 19 edition. He was the pioneered of radioisotope researches in animal biology in Turkey and was deemed worthy of various awards as a scientist. Noyan, who went down in history as the person who also designed and drew the occupational emblem of veterinary medicine used today in Turkey, is interested in poetry and painting. Conclusion: Biography studies of the elderly professionals who left their marks to the veterinary medicine have important place in history writings. Studying the biographies of elderly professionals and adding relevant courses to the curriculums can be suggested as they provide motivation and inspiration to the younger colleagues.

Some of the applications level of the protection and control of mastitis in dairy cattle farms in turkey with different qualifications

2021-06-01

Aim: In this study aimed reveal applications for the protection and control of mastitis and levels of applications in 177 small scale and 169 large-scale farms in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Benefiting from statistical methods analyzed collecting data on udder health of 346 dairy cattle farms in different provinces of Turkey. Results: It has been observed that there are maximum 50-200 cows (n = 96, 56.8% and at most Holstein breeds (n = 97, 57.4%)) in large-scale and 11-20 cows (n = 71, 40.1% and the highest number of Simental breeds (n = 153, 86.4%)) in small scale farms and there are 4 old cows more in these two types of farms. It was determined that the applications of teat dipping (70.4%), dry period antibiotics (72.8%), teat seal (9.5%) and mastitis vaccine (55.6%) in large farms were higher than small scale farms and It was determined that the proportion of those which do predipping and postdipping is higher than those which do not, and that iodine antiseptics are used the most in applications. The rate of those which do not apply milking hygiene in family-type (61.6%) is high. The effects of farms type (p<0.000) and breed (p<0.001) on daily average milk yield in these two types of farms were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: As a result, the dairy farms in Turkey the proportion of these applications, compared with past years but have been found to be higher than the desired level.

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in bitches with canine transmissible venereal tumors treated with vincristine sulphate

Esra Kocabaş, Özkan Duru, Hasan Ceyhun Macun — 2021-06-01

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is an important factor in tumor angiogenesis, in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) and to evaluate the levels of this factor in treatment with vincristine sulphate. On the other hand, the relationship between VEGF level and the number of vincristine sulphate applications was investigated. Materials and Methods: Study material is consisted of twelve Kangal Shepherds and its crossbreds without ovariohysterectomy (OHE) diagnosed with TVT (study group)and 12 healthy Kangal Shepherds and its crossbreds without OHE (control group). Blood was drawn from 12 dogs included in the study group before each treatment and one week after the end of the treatment. Blood was drawn once from the dogs in the control group. Results: All cases in the study group were treated with 3-8 (4,33±1,43) vincristine sulphate administrations. Three of the patients recovered with 3, 6 of the dogs with 4, 1 with 5, 1 with 6 administrations and 1 with 8 weeks of administrations. In the correlation analysis that performed between the pre-treatment serum VEGF level and the number of vincristine sulphate administration, a statistically in significant positive correlation was found (r = 0,051). When serum VEGF values of dogs in the study group were compared with the pre-treatment serum VEGF values of dogs in the control group, no statistical difference was found (p = 0,160). Conclusion: As a result, although serum VEGF values of dogs with TVT were higher than healthy dogs, it was determined that there was no statistical difference. No correlation was found between pre-treatment serum VEGF value and number of applications.

Basic approaches to healing and treatment of claw lesions in cattle

Celal İzci, Fatma Çuhadar Erdal, Nuriza Zamirbekova — 2021-06-01

Foot diseases can be classified as infectious and non-infectious according to their etiology. Non-infectious foot lesions occur more commonly than infectious ones. The most common non-infectious foot lesions are sole ulcer, toe ulcer, sole hemorrhage, and white line disease. Wound healing is generally considered as primary and secondary healing. There is often no primary improvement in claw lesions. In claw lesions where the nail and chorium are damaged, a secondary improvement is seen with the formation of granulation tissue. There is often no primary improvement in claw lesions. In these lesions where the claw and corium are damaged, a secondary improvement is observed with the formation of granulation tissue. There are many methods used in the treatment of claw lesions. It is important to know how to apply them in which disease. When not applied correctly, most applications harm instead of benefit. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the management of common claw horn lesions and to guide the practitioners in the field based on experience.