Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2022; 38(3)

Evaluation of the hypocholesterolemic efficacy of lyophilized Nerium oleander distillate

Harun Kizilay, Ahmet Levent Bas, Nuray Yazihan — 2022-09-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of administering Nerium oleander distillate on hypercholesterolemic rats' serum biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: Three equal groups of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were formed. No application was made for the control group. The second group received a high cholesterol diet, while the third group received a high cholesterol diet in addition to lyophilized Nerium oleander distillate by oral gavage once daily. After three months, blood was drawn after sedation and they were euthanized. Serum fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and total protein levels, as well as alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and urea levels, were determined using an autoanalyzer. Results: Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, glucose, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels increased (p < 0.05) in the group fed a high cholesterol diet compared to the control group, but Nerium oleander treatment decreased the elevated aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride (p < 0.05). Conclusion: To summarize, it can be stated that Nerium oleander distillate has antihypercholesterolemic and liver-protective properties.

Expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) at mRNA level in ovine endometrium during estrus cycle and early pregnancy

Mustafa Hitit, Mehmet Kose — 2022-09-01

Aim: To elucidate mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase enzyme genes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) in ovine endometrium whether they are modulated during the estrus cycle and early pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The endometrial samples including intercaruncular sites was obtained from a total of 24 ewes on days of 12 (P12, n = 4), 16 (P16, n = 4) and 22 (P22, n = 4) of pregnancy following mating and cyclic days of 12 (C12, n = 4), 16 (C16, n = 4) and 22 (C22, n = 4) of the estrous cycle. The relative mRNA level of DNMTs were evaluated through real-time quantitative RT-qPCR. Results: Abundances of DNMTs including DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were detected during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the ovine endometrium by this study. DNMT1 mRNA steady-state level was greater in P16 than in C16 whereas they did not change within the rest of the groups. The level of DNMT3A mRNA, during early pregnancy, had the highest expression levels on P12 compared to P22 and P16 (p<0.01). However, the level of DNMT3A mRNA was lower in P16 than in C16 (p<0.01) and had a similar decrease in P22 compared to C22 (p<0.01). DNMT3B mRNA level did not differ (p>0.01) during the estrus cycle and early pregnancy. Conclusion: DNA methylation related DNMTs may be required to control of gene expression in the ovine endometrium during the estrus cycle and early pregnancy.

Histopathological evaluation of the effects of thymoquinone and resveratrol on the liver in rats administered doxorubicin

2022-09-01

Aim: The purpose was to investigate the effects of various dosages of thymoquinone and resveratrol (5 and 20 mg/kg) on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats from a pathological standpoint. Materials and Methods: Eighty male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. Animals were divided in to 10 groups: Control (physiological saline, PO); Doxorubicin (physiological saline, PO and Dox,15mg/kg Dox in 10th days, IP); Thymoquinone -5 (TQ-5, 5 mg/kg TQ, PO); TQ-20 (20 mg/ kg TQ, PO); Resveratrol-5 (Res-5, 5 mg/kg Res, PO); Res-20 (20 mg/kg Res, PO); Dox+TQ-5 ; Dox+TQ-20; Dox+Res-5; Dox+Res-20. After the 21-day experiment, 6 replicates were randomly selected from the groups. After weighing the body weight, the livers of the euthanized rats were dissected and weighed. Routine tissue processing processes were applied to liver samples. Hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis/apoptosis, bile duct hyperplasia, dissociation, congestion, karyomegaly, mononuclear cell infiltration, binuclear hepatocytes, and mitosis were all examined microscopically, and a liver total lesion score was calculated Results: Dox treatment increased relative liver weight, but the TQ and Res groups prevented this increase (p<0.05). The liver total lesion score, which increased with Dox, was shown to be lower in the TQ and Res groups (p<0.05). However, the Dox+TQ-5, Dox+TQ-20, and Dox+Res-20 groups, showed no amelioration in necrosis/apoptosis. Conclusion: TQ and Res (5 and 20 mg/kg) decreased the total liver lesion score induced by Dox. Although TQ and RES diminish degeneration and inflammation, their poor protective effects on necrosis/apoptosis, one of the key criteria, were considered as a limiting cause for their uncontrolled usage.

Investigation of the efficacy of tyrosol on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats

Mustafa Cellat, Muhammed Etyemez — 2022-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of tyrosol on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups and each group included 8 rats. Groups 1 and 2 were given 1 ml of physiological saline, while groups 3 and 4 were given 20 mg/kg of tyrosol. In saline and tyrosol administrations, the oral gavage method was used. In addition, a single dose of 15 mg/kg dose of doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally to group 2 and group 4 on the 12th day of the trial. On the 14th day of the experiment, serum and tissue samples were taken from the anesthetized rats and then euthanized. Serum creatine kinase MB and creatine kinase activities were analyzed. Heart tissues were extracted, and histological and oxidative stress characteristics were measured in these tissues. Heart tissue malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: Tyrosol pretreatment inhibited doxorubicin-induced increase in heart tissue malondialdehyde level (p<0.05), the decrease in reduced glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, and suppressed doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in the heart tissue. In terms of cardiac tissue catalase enzyme activity, no differences were found between the groups. Because of the reduction in oxidative damage in the heart, the serum creatine kinase MB and creatine kinase activity decreased dramatically (p<0.05). Furthermore, it was discovered that tyrosol pretreatment reduced the histopathological lesions caused by doxorubicin in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: It is thought that the administration of tyrosol may reduce the cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin.

Evaluation of bacterial translocation in cats undergoing laparotomy

2022-09-01

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) in cats undergoing laparotomy procedures for pathologies that are thought to increase intra-abdominal pressure or pressurize the intestinal wall. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five cats were evaluated that refered to Selcuk University Animal Hospital for laparotomy after the clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations. Sterile swab samples were taken from the peritoneal fluid and an appropriate mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) immediately after reaching the abdominal region during the laparatomy. Identification of bacterial strains was carried out and bacterial spectra were analyzed. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: BT was diagnosed in 4 (16%) of 25 cats as a result of deteriorated intestinal perfusion due to foreign body. It was determined that 2 of the BT were isolated from swap samples taken from only MLNs and 2 of them were isolated from swap samples taken from both the peritoneal cavity and MLNs. It was determined that 50% of the bacteria growing in the peritoneum were E. faecalis (n=2) and 50% were E. faecium. It was determined that the bacteria growing in the MLNs formed P. fluorescens and E. faecalis. Conclusion: BT should be considered in the presence of pathologies that affect intra-abdominal pressure or affect the intestinal wall. It is thought that the suspicion of bacterial translocation should increase in pathologies that directly affect the intestinal wall. It is thought that the use of specific antibiotics will be more positive in terms of prognosis by performing an antibiogram.

Comparison of growth curves with non-linear models in Japanese quails of different plumage color

Serdar Guler, Emre Arslan, Muhammet Mucahit Sari, Orhan Cetin — 2022-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to estimate growth curve parameters and to determine the best fit model in brown and yellow plumage-colored Japanese quails. Materials and Methods: 80 brown and 80 yellow plumage-colored Japanese quails were used as research material. The quails were weighed 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd days of age. Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy and Richards models were used to determine growth curves. Results: According to the goodness of fit the Gompertz model was determined the best model for both brown and yellow plumage-colored Japanese quails. Coefficient of Determination (R² ), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R² _adj ), Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and mean square errors (MSE) were determined 0,9968; 0,9952; 24,8801; 24,7179 and 25,9657 for brown; 0,9975; 0,9963; 22,9149; 22,7527 and 19,6099 for yellow plumage-colored quails, respectively. Parameter ?₀ , ?₁ and ?₂ of the model were found 234,89; 3,630; 0,072 & 236,58; 3,516 and 0,069, respectively. The age at point of inflection and weight at point of inflection were calculated 17,91 d and 86,41 g; 18,15 d and 87,03 g for brown and yellow plumage-colored quails, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, Gompertz model was determined the best model in this study. This model can be advised to determine the growth curve traits in further researches for different plumage-colored Japanese quails. Morever, Jumbo quail breeding which is a sub-variate of Japanese quail must be considered by quail meat production due to the high maturity index besides the brown plumage-colored Japanese quails.

Determination of the correlations between the morphological characteristics and metapodial radiometric measurements of Awassi sheep

2022-09-01

Aim: The study aims to determine the correlations between external structural characteristics and osteometric data of Awassi sheep. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 heads Awassi sheep (18-20 months of age), 100 females and 50 males were used in the study. After determining the sex and measuring the body weight, wither height, ridge height, rump height, rump width and rump length, sternum height, body length, shin circumference, bicostal diameter, chest circumference and pelvis width of sheep, metapodium radiographs were taken by digital mobile X-ray device with DR system. Results: Between the values GL, Bp, SD, Bd, Be, WCL for metacarpus and GL, Bp, SD, Bd, Be, WCM, WCL and CM for metatarsus, sexual dimorphism was statistically significant when the radiometric measurement values of the metapodiums are examined (p < 0.001). The highest correlation value for the front leg was found between the GL value from the radiometry measurements of the metacarpal bones and the back height from the external structure measurement values (r: 0.684) when the correlation between metapodial radiometry and external structure features were examined. The highest correlation value for the hind limb was found between the SD value from the radiometric measurements of the metatarsal bones and the back height from the external structure measurement values (r: 0.679). Conclusion: Metapodiums, which they complete their development early in the body had strong relationships with the body measurements. The results obtained from the study show that metapodial radiometric features have the potential to be used in selection studies in terms of growth and meat yield.

Evaluation of relationships between dogs and owners: the Turkish translation, reliability and validity study of cat/dog owner relationship scale (C/DORS)

Ufuk Kaya, Dogukan Ozen, Murat Onur Yazlik, Selim Kosem, İsmayil Safa Gurcan — 2022-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to translate the cat/dog owner relationship scale (C/DORS), which can be used to assess the quality of relationships between dogs and their owners, into Turkish and to evaluate relationship quality across different demographic variables in Turkey. Materials and Methods: An expert team translated the cat/dog owner relationship scale (C/DORS) from its original language of English into Turkish. Information was collected from dog owners who volunteered to participate in the study via a scale. The dog owners' gender, educational status, and financial level were also collected. The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis. Results: The initial statistical analyses revealed that factor analysis could be used on the scale (Bartlett?s sphericity test, p<0,001) and that the sample size was adequate (KMO test=0,619). The total variance explained by the scale that has three subscales as perceived emotional closeness, pet-owner interaction and perceived cost was found to be 43,90%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.844. It was observed that the subscale scores of the scale were at similar levels in terms of gender (p>0,05) and income statue (p>0,05). Perceived cost subscale score was statistically significant in terms of educational status (p<0,05). Conclusion: It is thought that this scale, that has been adapted into Turkish and whose validity-reliability has been determined, is the first scale that can measure dog-owner relationships in Turkey. In addition, this study will encourage the examination of pet-human relationships in Turkey through with scale development and adaptation studies.

Histopathological investigation of the effect of coenzyme q10 on intestinal mucosa and tight junction proteins in experimental colitis model

Saadet Ozen Akarca Dizakar, Murside Ayse Demirel — 2022-09-01

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the mucosa, goblet cell density and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the acetic acid-induced colitis model in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four,10-week-old female Wistar albino rats were used in the study and divided into 3 groups; Control(n=4), Colitis (n=10) and Colitis+ CoQ10 (n=10). The colitis model was induced with 4% acetic acid. One day after colitis induction, CoQ10 was administered to the Colitis+CoQ10 group by gavage (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. After the treatment, the sacrification of the experimental animals was carried out. The macroscopic evaluation was performed. Microscopic scoring and goblet cell density by staining sections with Masson?s Trichrome and Alcian blue; TJ proteins were also evaluated by immunohistochemical analyzes of Occludin (Occ), Zonula Ocludens-1 (ZO-1), and Claudin-1 (Cl-1). Results: Macroscopic and microscopic scoring of colon tissues belonging to the colitis group showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the colitis+CoQ10 group, macroscopic and histopathological damage decreased significantly (p<0.05), and the percentage of Alcian blue staining area and the goblet cell density increased statistically with CoQ10 compared to the colitis group (p<0.05). It was also noted that there was an increase in the immunoreactivity of TJ proteins, which are important in the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Conclusion: CoQ10 showed a positive effect on histopathological changes and tight junction proteins in acetic acid-induced colitis model. However, it is thought that more detailed and various experimental and clinical studies supported by advanced molecular techniques are needed on the protective effects of CoQ10 against ulcerative colitis patients.