Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2022; 38(4)

Distribution and heterogeneity of mast cells in different regions of the genital canal in female quails during the prepubertal and postpubertal periods

Nariste Kadyralieva, Hasan Huseyin Donmez — 2022-12-01

Aim: This study aimed to determine the distribution and heterogeneity of mast cells located in different parts of the genital tract of female quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during the prepubertal and postpubertal periods using different fixation solutions and staining methods. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, tissue samples were taken from the genital tract (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina) of healthy female quails, including 10 prepubertal and 10 postpubertal animals. The tissue samples of both groups were fixed in either 10% neutral formaldehyde or isotonic formaldehyde acetic acid solution. The tissue sections were stained with the toluidine blue and combined alcian blue/safranin O staining methods. Results: The light microscopic examination of the tissue sections treated with both fixatives demonstrated that mast cells were round to oval or spindle-like in form and localized especially around blood vessels in the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa layers. Mast cells were found to be distributed primarily in the uterus during the prepubertal and postpubertal periods; followed in descending order by the isthmus, magnum, vagina and infundibulum. It was determined that mast cell counts significantly increased in the infundibulum in the postpubertal period (p<0.05) compared to the prepubertal period. Fixation in IFAA was associated with a more prominent staining and higher count of mast cells in all tissues, compared to fixation in formaldehyde. Conclusion: The number of mast cells in the infundibulum was determined to have increased in the postpubertal period, and this increase was considered to may affect egg formation and egg-laying.

Detection of multiple etiologies and comparison and investigation of pathological changes in small and large intestine lesions of dogs

Ozgur Kanat, Mustafa Ortatatli — 2022-12-01

Aim: This study was conducted for the purposes of investigating pathological changes in intestines of dogs, detecting prevalence of them and determining their role in being the cause of death. Materials and Methods: The intestines of 100 dead stray dogs were examined in macroscopic, histopathologic, microbiologic, and parasitic aspects. Immunohistochemical stainings were also performed for parvovirus and distemper diseases. Results: Hemorrhages in 61, ulcers in 8, parasites in 36, invagination in 14 and foreign objects in 2 of dogs were determined. Microscopically, histopathological findings such as degeneration, necrosis and desquamation in epithelium, bacteria colonies, hyperaemia, hemorrhages, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrations in propria, degeneration, dilatation and hyperplasia in crypts, and depletion in lymphoid tissues were observed and their severity were scored. Canine parvovirus positive IHC reaction was found in 90 out of 100 dogs and canine distemper virus positive reaction was found in 27 dogs, also. Microbiologically, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. are found in 58 dogs. Histopathologically, 29 acute, 51 chronic, 15 lymphocytic and plasmacytic enteritis; 5 acute, 10 chronic, 6 diffuse and 20 idiopathic mucosal colitis were diagnosed,respectively. Conclusion: It has been emphasized that alimentary tract diseases and lesions, mainly Parvoviral enteritis, are the first-degree cause of death in street dogs gathered in shelters. Generally, mixed infections were found, and it has been noticed that the lesions are increased, or primary lesions are masked according to participation period of secondary factors to infection.

Ellagic acid could prevent experimentally induced oxidative stress in rats

Mehmet Ali Kisacam, Gonca Ozan Kocamuftuoglu, Enver Ozan, Sema Temizer Ozan — 2022-12-01

Aim: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during the metabolism of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB). Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural biologically active polyphenol with antioxidant activity. The present study was conducted to assess the preventive and protective capability of EA on DEN-PB-induced oxidative damage in rats. Materials and Methods: 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 6 groups: Negative control, DEN, EA, DEN-PB (positive control), DEN-PB-EA (treatment), and EA-DEN-PB (pretreatment). 150 mg/kg DEN were administered to DEN, positive control, treatment and pretreatment groups. After two weeks, 500 ppm PB applied to positive control and treatment groups. 50 mg/kg/day EA were orally given to EA, and pretreatment groups for 8 weeks and treatment group was given for four weeks. After 8 weeks rats were sacrificed, liver and blood were subjected to biochemical evaluation. Results: DEN alone or with PB increased liver MDA levels significantly; however plasma MDA levels didn?t change. EA pretreatment decreased liver MDA levels (p<0.001). CAT activity did not change in the liver and erythrocytes of the positive control group. Liver CAT activity increased insignificantly in pretreatment and significantly in treatment group (p<0.05). SOD activity did not change in liver and erythrocytes of DEN and positive control groups. EA increased liver SOD activity significantly (p<0.001). DEN application alone or with PB decreased liver and blood GSH levels significantly (p<0.05), while EA application increased liver GSH levels in treatment (p<0.05). Blood GSH levels decreased significantly in treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is considered that EA pretreatment could be more effective than EA treatment in DEN, PB induced oxidative stress in rats.

microRNA expression patterns associated with average daily weight gain in Kangal Akkaraman Lambs

Gonca Sonmez, Seref Inal — 2022-12-01

Aim: This study aimed to identify miRNAs expressed in Kangal Akkaraman lambs and to identify miRNAs that may be associated with average daily weight gain (ADWG). Materials and Methods: According to their ADWG, lambs were separated into two groups: those with ADWGs between 270-412 g (mean:323 g) were considered to have high daily gain (HDG) and those with ADWGs below 200 g (mean:125 g) were considered to have low daily gain (LDG). Blood samples were taken, and white blood cells were processed for RNA extraction. Illumina Novaseq was used to prepare and sequence miRNA libraries (LDG and HDG groups). Readings were mapped. Additionally, using DESeq R package (1.8.3), differential expression analysis of two groups was carried out. Based on the RNA-seq data, the two miRNAs with the highest fold increase were selected and their expression levels were tested by quantitative Real-time PCR (RTqPCR) Results: There were identified to be 129 known miRNAs, 134 new miRNAs were predicted, 40 significant differentially expressed miRNAs, of which 12 were up-regulated and 28 down-regulated, were identified (LDG vs HDG). According to RNA-seq results, the two miRNAs with the highest fold change were detected; 0,66 (oar-miR-21) and 0,61 (oar-miR-150). It was determined by RT-qPCR that HDG sheep had 0,63 times lower oar-mir-150 expression, which was not statistically significant, compared to LDG sheep. However, oarmir- 21 was found to be statistically significantly less expressed 0,40 times in the HDG group (p < 0,05). Conclusion: It is thought that the obtained data can contribute to ADWG breeding studies in Kangal Akkaraman sheep.

In vitro evaluation of glutathione implementation on oxidative DNA damage and oxidant status in high glucose conditions

Fatmagul Yur, Semiha Dede, Sedat Cetin, Mehmet Taspinar, Ayse Usta — 2022-12-01

Aim: This study aimed to show the effects of glutathione, recognized by its antioxidant specialties, on the potential DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine) and the antioxidant system changes upon its implementation in BHK-21 cells cultured with high glucose. Materials and Methods: BHK-21 cell line was regularly surpassed in vitro conditions (5% FBS, 10% horse serum, 1% L-Glutamine, 1% penicillin/ streptomycin in RPMI 1640 medium, and 5% CO2 and 95% humidity and 37ºC) incubated. The control group determined glucose's IC50 value based on the viability tests executed on MTT cells. Cells were seeded in plates as each would have 2x106 cells. The control, the test, and the crossbreed test (glucose; (285 mM), glutathione (250 µ ,M)) groups were prepared. After 24 hours of incubation, trypsinized cells were designed for analysis through vitrification. In the lysate of the cell culture that was procured, Oxidative DNA damage, TAS, TSO, and OSI were measured by the spectrophotometric system with ELISA. Results: It was observed that 8-OHdG levels increased significantly with glucose application. Moreover, the increase in the HG+GSH group was more significant when compared to the control group (p≤0.05). No difference with the control group was found only in the group where GSH was applied. As for TAS, whereas any difference was observed in GSH used groups, the increase in the HG+GSH group was significant compared to the control group (p≤0.05). that were the same as the control group. TOS and OSI considerably increased in HG + GSH implemented groups as to the control group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, no protective impacts of glutathione at the cellular level in the doses mentioned above were observed on high-dose glucose implemented cells. On the other hand, it was revealed that the applied amounts of glutathione in the process did not cause any toxic effects.

Effect of lactation number on some biochemical parameters in postpartum dairy cows

Taha Burak Elifoglu, Serdal Kurt — 2022-12-01

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lactation number, milk yield, and some blood biochemical parameters in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The material of the study consists of dairy cows (n=60), and three different groups were formed according to the lactation numbers of the cows. Non-lactating heifers were assigned to Group 1 (n=10), 1st and 2nd lactation cows were assigned to Group 2 (n=24), and 3rd and 4th lactation cows were assigned to Group 3 (n=26). The blood total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels of the cows in the groups were measured. In addition, the milk yields of the groups were compared, and the relationship between these values and milk yield was investigated. Results: Total protein level was higher in the G3, G2 and G1 groups, respectively (p<0.001). Similarly, albumin levels increased significantly in the G3 group compared to the G1 Group (P<0.01). Glucose and cholesterol levels were higher and lower in G1 group compared to other groups (p<0.001; p<0.05), respectively. AST and GGT levels decreased in the G1 group than in the G2 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the number of lactations in dairy cows significantly affected the biochemical parameters within total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, AST and GGT in dairy cows. These differences were found especially in Group 2 and Group 3, which included multiparous cows, compared to Group 1 (heifers).

Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci infection in pigeons and paraquets by a real time polymerase chain reaction

Nevin Tuzcu, Hasan Huseyin Hadimli, Aysegul Ilban — 2022-12-01

Aim: Avian chlamydiosis is a systemic, zoonotic, sometimes fatal disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci in domestic and wild poultry. Although C. psittaci does not always cause serious disease in poultry, it can cause serious disease especially in immunosuppressive humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. psittaci, in stool samples of pigeons and paraquets, in Konya province. Materials and Methods: Fifty pigeon feces samples taken from a total of 600 pigeons belonging to 24 different breeders and 52 fecal samples taken from 632 paraquets from 30 different breeders were the samples in this study. The presence of C. psittaci was investigated by Real Time PCR based on the presence of ompA gene in these samples. Results: The presence of C.psittaci ompA gene was determined as 2% and 1%, respectively, by real time PCR in stool samples of pigeons and paraquet in Konya region. Conclusion: The fact that the disease is zoonotic and people's close contact with poultry, especially pigeons and caged birds is increased the importance of the disease in terms of public healthday day by day.

Factors affecting endoparasitic infections and ectoparasitic infestations of buffaloes in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2022-12-01

Aim: Buffaloes contribute in increasing demand for milk and meat. However, parasitism is one of the major threats for profitable livestock production. To do this, we attempted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of endoparasitic infections and ectoparasitic infestations of buffaloes at Trishal, Mymensingh. Materials and Methods: Modified Stoll's dilution technique was employed for the identification of developmental stages of endoparasites and prepared permanent slides for ectoparasites. Results: A total of 150 buffaloes were examined, of which 103 (68.7%), were infected with one or more species of endoparasites. Seven species of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites (ova/cyst/oocyst) were identified, of them two species were trematodes, Paramphistomum cervi (28.7%), Fasciola gigantica (16.0%); two species were nematodes namely strongyles (1.3%), Trichuris spp. (2.0%); one species of cestode, Moniezia sp. (0.7%) and two species of protozoa namely, Balantidium coli (44.0%) and Eimeria spp. (4.7%). The intensity of infection (EPG/OPG/CPG) was also determined. The range of EPG/OPG/CPG varied among the parasites from 100 to 1500. Mean EPG/OPG/CPG count was 252±54.4. The prevalence of GI parasites was significantly (p<0.05) higher in adult buffaloes (80.0%) aged >5 years than in young buffaloes aged 2-5 years (42.2%). During this study, 53.3% of buffaloes were infested with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (13.3%) and Haematopinus tuberculatus (52.7%). The mean parasitic burden of ectoparasites was also determined (4.7±2.9). Conclusion: Age of host was significantly associated with endoparasitic infections but age and sex of buffaloes had no significant effect on the ectoparasitic infestations. The present study suggested that an attention should be given to control parasitic infections and infestations in buffaloes.