Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2023; 39(2)

Investigation of dairy farms using different milking systems in Balıkesir province in terms of bulk tank milk quality, somatic cell count and total bacteria count

2023-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the milk obtained from the farms with different milking systems by comparing total bacteria and somatic cell count for evaluating milking hygiene, barn hygiene and herd management and estimate the data by examining milk quality characteristics as dry matter, fat, protein and lactose contents. Materials and Methods: The study material consisted of tank milk (15 hand milking, 15 conventional machine milking, 15 robotic milking) taken from 45 farms breeding Holstein dairy cattle in and around of Balıkesir. A calibrated raw milk analyzer was used to determine fat, protein, lactose, dry matter, fatfree dry matter and somatic cell count. In order to determine the total bacteria count, Plate Count Agar were inoculated with the cast plate method. Results: Milk quality characteristics as fat (p<0.05), protein (p<0.001), lactose (p<0.01), dry matter (p<0.001) and fat-free dry matter (p<0.001) were determined to be the lowest in hand milking enterprises. The enterprises with the highest ratio of milk protein were robotic milking (p<0.001). Hand milking farms had the highest value for somatic cell count (p<0.05). For total bacterial count machine milking enterprises had the highest value (p<0.001) robotic and hand milking enterprises had lower values and no significant difference was found between them.. Conclusion: It was understood that different milking systems had significant effects on milk quality and hygiene values. In this respect, it is recommended that use of milking robots become widespread, reducing the total labor cost and providing improvements in tank milk quality.

Effect of grape seed extract on β -catenin gene expression and hyperglycemia in rats induced by streptozotocin

Elif Gulbahce-Mutlu, Emine Arslan, Hilal Arikoglu — 2023-06-01

Aim: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar in case of insulin resistance and/or insulin deficiency or insufficiency. The Wnt/β -catenin signaling pathway plays a role in in all physiological processes. Any defect in the pathway causes diabetes to develop. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on body weight, blood glucose and expression of β -catenin gene in experimental Type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups as Control, Diabetic Control and Treatment groups (100, 200, 400 mg/kg GSE). The rats in the diabetes and treatment groups were fed with high-fat diet and were administered low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Body weights of the rats were recorded weekly during the experiment. The water-soluble extracts were administered by gavage for four weeks and liver, pancreas and blood samples taken from animals at the end of treatment were used in the study. Results: It was observed that the effect of GSE treatment on overall weight loss due to diabetes was minimal, and 100 and 400 mg/kg GSE doses lowered blood sugar (p<0.05). According to the results of β -catenin gene expression, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in liver tissue (p>0.05) and pancreatic tissue (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, grape seed may be promising in the treatment of diabetes.

Sero-epidemiology of the Rhodococcus equi in horses in Eastern Kazakhstan

2023-06-01

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) seroprevalence in adult horses in East Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from 311 horses in 3 regions (Zhambyl, Almaty, East Kazakhstan) across the eastern regions of Kazakhstan between September and November 2021 and the presence of antibodies against virulent R. equi was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The equine seroprevalence of R. equi was found to be 93.6% in 2021. The highest seroprevalence VapA rate was in the Zhambly Region (98.02 %) and the lowest in the East Kazakhstan Region (88.89%). Samples taken from this region constitute 69.8% of the total samples, and 3.84% are vapA seronegative. R. equi appears to be endemic in East Kazakhstan. Conclusion: This is the first seroprevalence study of R. equi in Kazakhstan that provides information on epidemiology. Serological findings should be supported by clinical cases and the isolation of bacteria from foal barns. Based on the findings, protection and control programs against R. equi should be implemented in eastern Kazakhstan.

The immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of intermediary filaments, PCNA, p53 and MMP-9 in feline fibrosarcomas

2023-06-01

Aim: The present study was aimed at the immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of cancer indicators; including the Proliferating Cell Nucleus Antigen (PCNA), Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vimentin, alphasmooth muscle actin (?-SMA), S-100, desmin and pan-Cytokeratin (Pan- CK), as well as intermediary filaments, with a view to demonstrate the cell proliferation index, p53 tumour-suppressor gene status, tumour metastasis, invasion capacity and cellular origin of feline fibrosarcomas. Materials and Methods: The study material comprised of tumoral tissue samples from 7 cats, which were referred to the Pathology Department for routine histopathological examination. In order to evaluate the histopathological changes, the sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was used for immunohistochemical staining. Results: Out of the seven spontaneous cutaneous fibrosarcoma cases, five were in stage I, one was in stage II, and one was in stage III. The presence of conspicuous collagen bands in the tumoral tissues was demonstrated by Masson's trichrome (MT) staining. All cases stained positively for vimentin and ?-SMA. The tumoral cells reacted negatively for pan-CK, S-100 and desmin. All cases were immunopositive for PCNA. Two cases stained positively for p53. These two cases were advanced stage. Only a single case of fibrosarcoma (stage III) presented with intracytoplasmic MMP-9 expression in neoplastic giant cells. Conclusion: Despite only very few tumour samples having been examined in the present study, it was concluded that PCNA, p53 and MMP-9 served as highly useful indicators for determining cell proliferation, grading malignancy, detecting tumour aggressiveness and behaviour, as well as predicting prognosis in spontaneous feline fibrosarcomas.

Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in different tissues of goats infected with small ruminant lentivirus

2023-06-01

Aim: Small ruminant lentivirus infections has chronic and incurable character that might simultaneously and immunopathogenically affect several major target organs, causing pathological and clinical mastitis, maedi, visna, and arthritis in sheep and goats. This study aimed to reveal the lesions and their cellular distribution in different tissues of histopathologically and immunohistochemically infected goats. Materials and Methods: A total of six goats, known as seropositive, and one aborted fetus, were used for the study. Histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical cellular distributions were determined. Results: Histopathologically, bronchopneumonia and chronic interstitial pneumonia, enteritis, hyaline droplets and hyaline cylinders, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of proximal and distal tubular epithelium in the kidneys, congestion and decrease of lymphoid cells in the spleen, congestion, hyaline degeneration and necrosis in the heart, and hydropic degeneration, necrosis and hepatitis in the liver were observed. Immunohistochemically, positive staining was observed in the epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioles, alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in the lung, lymphocytes and macrophages in the spleen, crypt, and villous epitelium, lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestine, and Kupffer cells and lymphocytes in the liver. In contrast, no positivity was observed in the kidneys and heart. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the data obtained on small ruminant lentivirus infections will have an important place in goat breeding and will be important for new studies and control programs that may be developed.

MDA level in colon tissue of the rats with colon cancer model treated with diallyl disulfide

Beyza Suvarikli Alan, Zafer Bulut — 2023-06-01

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of diallyl disulfide, one of the bioactive compounds of garlic, on the malondialdehyde level of colon tissue in rats with azoxymethane-induced colon cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 male Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into 5 groups. The first group was the control group (n=12), the second group was the cancer group (n=12) treated with azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight), the third group was the group to whom only diallyl disulfide (DADS, 50 mg/kg body weight) was administered (n=11), the fourth group was the group to whom azoxymethane and diallyl disulfide were administered (n=11) and the fifth group was the group to whom corn oil (1 ml/kg body weight) was administered as carrier substance (n=12). The experimental the one which period at the end of 18 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their colon tissues were excised. The tissues were homogenized and MDA levels were measured with the ELISA device using the procedure, suitable for the kit. Results: Tumor formation in the tissues was macroscopically identified. The analysis results indicated no difference between the groups with respect to their MDA levels (P>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be asserted that the administration of DADS or azoxymethane did not cause lipid peroxidation in the rat colon tissue under the experimental conditions. There is a need for further studies investigating the effectiveness of DADS or AOM in colon tissue by taking the method and the dose of treatment to the animals into consideration.