Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2024; 40(3)

Evaluation of Hematological, Biochemical Parameters and CRP and PCT Levels in Dogs with Leishmania Infantum Detected by ELISA

Sezai Arslan, Sinan Vicil, Taraneh Oncel — 2024-09-01

Aim: Leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania spp., follows a symptomatic or asymptomatic course in dogs due to the influence of various factors. Although hematological and serum biochemical parameters have a limited role in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis, they can be used to evaluate the clinical condition of the animal, the severity of the lesions and the prognosis of the disease. Procalcitonin (PCT), as a disease biomarker, is released by monocytes, neutrophils, liver, spleen, kidneys and lungs during sepsis. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) increases significantly and rapidly in pathological conditions. This study aimed to examine PCT and CRP levels in dogs with Leishmaniasis. Materials and Methods: The leishmaniasis group of the study consisted of 9 dogs that tested positive for the disease using the ELISA method, among 157 dogs showing leishmaniasis symptoms. The healthy group consisted of seven dogs living in the same area, which were determined to be healthy through clinical examination, had normal hemogram and routine biochemical parameters, and tested negative in the ELISA test. Results: The results showed that RBC, Hgb, HCT, MCV and MCHC values differed significantly between groups. The positive group had higher total protein and globulin levels, while the negative group had lower albumin, A/G ratio, sodium, and chloride values, biochemical measurements revealed. These differences between the groups were statistically significant, however serum PCT and CRP results were not different between the groups. Conclusion: Further research is required before PCT and CRP can be used as a clinical biomarker in dogs with leishmaniasis.

Calculation of Intracranial Volume in Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman Sheep by Stereology and Computed Tomography

Hacer Bas-Ekici, Kamil Besoluk — 2024-09-01

Aim: Knowing the intracranial volume of sheep breeds is important for breed segregation and clinical sciences. The aim of this study is to compare the intracranial volumes and measurement methods of Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman sheep breeds, which constitute the majority of sheep in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In the study, the heads of 10 healthy male Akkaraman and 10 Kangal Akkaraman sheep aged 6-8 months were used. The sheep heads were imaged in the rostral-caudal direction, perpendicular to the hard palate to provide reference for the section orientation, in the axial (transversal) plane with a detector thickness of 0.6 mm. Reconstruction of the axial images was done with a slice thickness of 0.65 mm. Intracranial volumes of the sheep heads were measured using computerized tomography (CT) images with the Cavalieri principle. In addition, three-dimensional models of the intracranial area were created with the Slicer 5.3 program and the volume was calculated with the program tools. The data obtained from volume measurement were analyzed with the t-test in independent groups, and comparison between methods was analyzed with the Bland-Altman analysis in the SPSS 26.0 package program. Results: The mean values of intracranial volume of Akkaraman sheep were found to be statistically significant and greater than Akkaraman sheep (P<0.01). As a result of statistical comparison of intracranial volumes calculated with stereological method and CT models, no difference was found Conclusion: Accurate calculation of intracranial volume is of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of brain and nervous system diseases. The results of this study show that the determination of intracranial volume in Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman sheep can provide significant contributions to clinical sciences in the diagnosis of diseases. Therefore, it can also provide important guidance for veterinarians and researchers in better understanding diseases and developing effective treatment methods. Therefore, the results of the study can guide research in veterinary medicine and related disciplines and provide an important basis for clinical applications.

Microbiological Analysis of Gut Flora and Determination of AntibioticResistance from White Storks (Ciconia Ciconia) Resting Area during Migration in Türkiye

2024-09-01

Aim: As reservoir hosts, migratory birds can spread viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases between continents. White storks' (Ciconia Ciconia) flora bacteria are expected to be sensitive to antibiotics. This study aimed to determine which pathogens were found in the fecal samples of storks, characterize the bacteria that are dominant in the gut flora, and determine antibiotic resistance during migration. Materials and Methods: Stork?s feces (n=101) were collected in March 2022, Konya, Turkiye (37°52?22?N 32°29?32?E) which is on the migration route. Samples were cultured bacteriologically for the identify mesophilic bacteria Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp.). Classical microbiological methods, Gram staining, and biochemical tests were performed. Isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Escherichia coli (n=101), Enterobacter cloacae (n=10), Hafnia alvei (n=3), Campylobacter jejuni (n=1) and Salmonella Virginia (n=1) were identified. Some E. coli isolates 32 (31.68%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 2 (1.98%) isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 33 (32.67%) isolates were determined to be phenotypically Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) positive also some E. coli strains 5 (4.95%) were identified as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). S. Virginia isolate was found to be resistant only to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, antibiotic resistance in gut flora of white storks is a severe condition. These birds shed pathogens in their feces that can contaminate poultry and dairy farms in the migration route. This situation indicates the pollution caused by people's unconscious drug use effect on wild animals.

Electrocardiographic Evaluation the Effect of Thiamine Hydrochloride on Triton X-100 Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats

Murat Taha Ozdemir, Mehmet Ekici — 2024-09-01

Aim: Hyperlipidemia, a prevalent condition globally, contributes significantly to cardiovascular diseases. This research focuses on the impacts of thiamine hydrochloride on lipid profiles and ECG changes in rats with Triton X-100- Materials and Methods: A total of eighteen male Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: control, Triton X-100, and Triton X-100 + Thiamine. To induce hyperlipidemia, Triton X-100 was administered as a single intraperitoneal dose of 100 mg/kg. Thiamine hydrochloride was then given intraperitoneally at a dose of 25 mg/kg daily for 7 days, starting 72 hours after the induction of hyperlipidemia. ECG data were recorded, and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed. Results: Thiamine treatment significantly reduced elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by Triton X-100. It also improved the coronary risk index and normalized ECG characteristics include the heart rate and the RR interval. ECG abnormalities, including ST segment elevation and atrial fibrillation, were less frequent in the thiamine-treated group. Conclusion: Thiamine hydrochloride effectively mitigates hyperlipidemia and its associated cardiovascular risks, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Further research is needed to explore its clinical applications in managing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.

The Protective Effects of Nigella Sativa on the Antioxidant System and Certain Cytokine Levels in Rats Exposed to Experimental Acrylamide

Mehmet Ozsan, Tufan Kececi — 2024-09-01

Aim: The objective of this research was to examine the potential safeguarding properties of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) against the genotoxic, carcinogenic, and neurotoxic effects of acrylamide. N. sativa is known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics which can counteract the detrimental impact of environmental toxins. The research investigated the influence of N. sativa on the antioxidant system and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and explored its therapeutic potential in rats exposed to acrylamide, a substance known for its harmful effects on various systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two healthy adult male rats were used and allocated into four separate groups: control, acrylamide, N. sativa, and acrylamide + N. sativa groups. Acrylamide (40 mg/kg/day) and N. sativa oil (10 mg/kg/day) were given orally for 15 days. IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, SOD, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and TNF-? levels were analyzed. Results: The acrylamide group exhibited a significant increase in MDA levels in comparison to the other groups, indicating oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Moreover, GSH and SOD levels were appreciably lower in the acrylamide group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the experimental group treated with N. sativa displayed reduced MDA levels (by approximately 30%) and improved GSH and SOD levels compared to the acrylamide group, suggesting a significant protective effect against acrylamide toxicity (P < 0.05). The acrylamide group showed significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-?, IL-6, and IL-1, along with a notable decrease in the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.05). Conversely, in the group treated with N. sativa, there was a significant reduction in the concentrations of TNF-?, IL-6 and IL-1 (P < 0.05), indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of N. sativa. Conclusion: The study results suggest that N. sativa can alleviate acrylamideinduced oxidative stress and inflammation. It seemed that N. sativa significiantly improved the increase of MDA levels altered by ACR and increase antioxidant levels, and partially attenuate the changes in L-1 levels induced by ACR. These findings indicate that N. sativa suggests potential benefits in alleviating the adverse impacts of acrylamide.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Lymph Node Metastasis in a 12 Years-Old Sphynx Female Cat

2024-09-01

In this report, a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with lymph node metastasis was described in a 12 years-old Sphynx female cat. The mandibular lymph node was totally removed and dissected (lymphadenectomy). The oral necrotic-ulcerated mass was extirpated. In the oral mass, pleomorphic squamous epithelial cells with atypical cellular features, erosions and ulcers were also observed. Squamous epithelial cells with prominent atypical cell features were found in the mandibular lymph node. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that neoplastic cells were positive for AE1-AE3 and cytokeratin 5/6. It was found appropriate to present the case in order to draw attention to the fact that dogs and cats with chronic gingivostomatitis with erosions and ulcers on the oral mucosa should also be evaluated in terms of OSCC.