Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2025; 41(1)

Clinico-Morphological Studies in a Clinical Case of Emphysematous Abomasitis in a Lamb Herd in Bulgaria

Ismet Kalkanov — 2025-03-01

The present report describes a clinical case of emphysematous abomasitis in lambs caused by Sarcina spp. The lambs were aged from the 24th hour after birth to the 35th day additionally supplemented with milk replacer due to the reduced amount of milk in the mothers, and from the second week they began to accept "ad libitum" starter granulated feed and ground corn. After which they began to show the following signs: severely swollen abdomen and difficult breathing, cachexia, lying down, lethargy, pale conjunctivae, feces were pale yellow mixed with mucus, internal body temperature was normal. In a period of 10 days, 50 lambs became ill and 10 died. At the performed autopsy, the abomasum was filled with gases, its contents had a whitish color and mucous consistency. The mucosa and submucosa were diffusely hyperemic, and had an edematous and emphysematous appearance. On the surface of the mucosa, desquamated epithelial cells mixed with exudate containing fibrin threads, numerous degenerated neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and grouped bacteria of the genus Sarcina spp. were observed. The combined use of pathoanatomical and histopathological examination are effective and reliable methods for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of emphysematous abomasitis in lactating lambs caused by bacteria of the genus Sarcina. Characteristic morphologies of bacteria allows us to distinguish them histologically from clostridia, as well as from other etiological agents

Screening of Aeromonas spp. and their antimicrobial resistance profiles in wild fish and seawater from the Gulf of Antalya, Mediterranean Sea

Ezgi Sababoglu Baytaroglu, Osman Kucukkagnici — 2025-03-01

Aeromonas species are widespread pathogens that cause significant diseases in humans and animals, resulting in severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Furthermore, these species have become a greater threat due to recent reports of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas species and the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to important pathogenic bacteria affecting human and animal health. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Aeromonas spp., an important zoonotic pathogen, in wild fish species caught in the Gulf of Antalya and in seawater, and to identify the most common Aeromonas species and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Seawater samples from five different coastal points in the Gulf of Antalya and 80 fish caught by local fishermen were bacteriologically examined. Suspected Aeromonas spp. isolates were purified and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The resistance profiles of the isolates to 12 antibiotics from 9 different classes were determined by the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the liver and kidney of only one (1.25%) wild fish (Pagellus acarne Risso, 1826) and identified as Aeromonas molluscorum. The isolate was resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated to be 0.16. These findings highlight that wild fish and seawater in the Gulf of Antalya do not pose a risk with respect to multidrug-resistant Aeromonas species that could threaten human health through foodborne infections or direct contact.

Protective Effect of Micromeria congesta Against LPS-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Livers

Muhammet Bahaeddin Dortbudak, Muhammed Demircioglu, Fuat Serkan Kapucuk — 2025-03-01

This study aims to investigate the possible effects of Micromeria congesta (MC) against inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver caused by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used in sepsis modeling. A total of 24 animals, 6 Wistar Albino rats in each group, were used in the study. Animals were assigned to control, LPS, LPS+25 mg/ kg MC, LPS+50 mg/kg MC groups. In MC groups plant extract was administered to the animals for 7 days, LPS application was been made on the 7th day and the animals were euthanized 6 hours later. After euthanasia, the liver was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. In histopathologic examinations, it was determined that the use of MC at increasing doses against liver toxicity caused by LPS decreased the lesions in the liver. In immunohistochemical examination, it was determined that TNF-? and IL-2 expressions, which are important biomarkers of inflammation, decreased in parallel with the increasing dose compared to the LPS group. In addition, HSP 27 expression, which is a marker of oxidative stress, was also found to decrease with increasing dose of MC extract. It was revealed that MC extract had a protective effect on LPS-induced liver toxicity by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. More studies are needed for MC to be an alternative in the treatment of sepsis.

Protective Effects of Vitamin U on Amiodarone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Altered Biomarkers in Rat Parotid Salivary Glands

2025-03-01

Amiodarone (AMD), an antiarrhythmic drug, causes side effects in multiple organs. S-methylmethionine sulfonium (vitamin U, Vit U) has potential protective effects against these adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AMD and Vit U on rat parotid salivary glands. The rats were assigned to four groups: control (corn oil for 7 days), Vit U (50 mg/kg/day for 7 days), AMD (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days), and AMD+Vit U (combined AMD and Vit U for 7 days). On day 8, parotid glands were collected for analysis of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thromboplastic activitiy (TrA), lipid peroxidation (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+- ATPase), sialic acid (SA), hexose, hexosamine, fucose and total protein (TP). AMD administration significantly increased the values of GSH, LPO, MPO and hexosamine while decreasing the values of Na+/K+-ATPase, SA and hexose compared to controls. Co-administration of Vit U with AMD reversed these changes, indicating that Vit U may help to reduce AMD-induced oxidative stress in the parotid salivary gland and restore altered biochemical parameters. 7-day treatment with AMD induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the parotid gland. Vit U showed protective effects, especially in reducing oxidative damage, inflammation and glycosylation changes.

Silage Studies Published in DergiPark Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis

Sevket Evci, Erva Eser — 2025-03-01

This study aims to analyze the thematic and methodological trends in silage research published in DergiPark, focusing on the most frequently discussed topics: silage quality, fermentation processes, and the use of additives. By systematically analyzing publication patterns and methodological approaches, the study seeks to provide insights into the evolving research landscape. A systematic analysis of silage studies in DergiPark examined key research topics, methodologies, and trends. Research was categorized by forage quality, fermentation efficiency, and additive use. Predominant methods, including chemical analysis, digestibility studies, and in vitro techniques, were assessed. The study also evaluated the growing role of microbial additives, particularly lactic acid bacteria, in fermentation improvement. The findings revealed that silage quality, fermentation processes, and additive applications are the dominant research themes. Corn and alfalfa were identified as the primary silage crops due to their significance in feed quality and productivity. Chemical analyses and digestibility studies were the most frequently utilized methods for evaluating nutritional value and preservation efficiency. Additionally, a notable rise in the application of in vitro methodologies was observed. The use of microbial additives, especially lactic acid bacteria, was found to significantly enhance the fermentation process. This study highlights the current research trends in silage studies and suggests future directions for improving silage production efficiency. Further exploration of in vitro methodologies and microbial additives is recommended to enhance sustainability and nutritional quality. Expanding research on diverse silage crops and novel additive applications could provide valuable insights for both scientific and industrial advancements.

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Prognosis in Traumatized Cats

Ebrar Merve Eris, Hilmican Ergin, Kurtulus Parlak — 2025-03-01

This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the prognosis of cats presented with trauma complaints based on the type of trauma, clinical scoring (ATT and mGCS), laboratory measurements, and radiographic examination findings. The study materials consist of clinical (Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS), radiographic examinations, and laboratory analyses of a total of 50 cats of various breeds, ages, and weights, admitted to the Animal Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Selcuk University with trauma complaints. According to clinical examination findings, the mean ATT was 3 in surviving cats and 8 in deceased cats, while the mGCS score was 17 in surviving cats and 14 in deceased cats. The results were statistically significant in deceased cats. Radiographic examinations revealed that thoracic and abdominal trauma were more common in deceased cats. Laboratory results showed statistically significant correlations for BUN, total protein, albumin, hematocrit, and red blood cell levels, with notable differences between surviving and deceased cats. It is suggested that the systematic application of these diagnostic tools will improve prognostic accuracy for traumatic injuries in cats and lead to better management and treatment outcomes. Additionally, future studies on traumatized cats should consider repeating analyses at specific intervals during the treatment process to better identify prognostic factors that influence mortality.

Age and Neutering as a Determinant of Liver Size in Cats: A Radiographic Length of the Liver to the Length of the 11^th Thoracic Vertebra Ratio

Elif Dogan, Candemir Ozcan, Ayse Basak Dellalbasi — 2025-03-01

It is generally known that liver size changes in liver diseases. In addition to imaging modalities such as computed tomography, which require anesthesia, radiographic measurements can also be used to measure liver size. The aim of this study was to estimate liver size in healthy cats by radiographic measurement. A total of 60 healthy tabby cats were used in this study. Liver length and T11 vertebra length were measured on right lateral thorax radiographs and LL/T11 ratios were calculated. While 2-sample t test was used for pairwise comparison between groups, ANOVA one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons. Differences between groups were determined by Tukey comparison test. It was determined that gender and neutering status had no effect on LL/T11 ratio in cats of different age groups. However, statistically significant changes were determined in cats under 1 year of age and over 4 years of age. In conclusion, it was determined that radiographic LL/T11 ratio in cats is a usable index without being affected by the parameters evaluated. Therefore, radiography, which is a more practical application in clinics and animal hospitals, can be used for liver measurements as an alternative to measurement methods requiring anesthesia.

The Effect of Ultrasound-Treated Donkey Milk on some Serum Antioxidant and Cytokine Levels as well as ANAE-Positive Lymphocyte Ratios in Rat Trial Models

Ihsan Kisadere, Mehmet Faruk Aydin, Tevhide Elif Guner, Berfin Altundal — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to compare the effects of slow pasteurization and ultrasound treatment on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of donkey milk (DM) and to investigate how these processing methods influence specific antioxidant and immunological responses in rats. In the first stage, donkey milk samples were collected from twenty-two healthy donkeys and categorized into three groups: raw (Rm), pasteurized (Pst; 65 °C for 30 min), and ultrasound-treated (Ult; 100% amplitude for 6 min). Physicochemical parameters (e.g., pH, color, water activity, titratable acidity) and nutritional composition (dry matter, protein, fat, lactose) were determined. Microbial analyses included total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, molds/yeasts, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, and lactic acid bacteria counts. In the second stage, twenty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned to four groups (control, Rm, Pst, Ult) and each experimental group received 48 mL of the respective DM daily for four weeks. At the end of the feeding period, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and various cytokines (IL-1?, TNF-?, IL-6, IL-10) were quantified. Differential leukocyte counts (lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils) and ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages were also assessed. Although MDA and GSH levels were unaffected by DM type, SOD activities were significantly higher in all DM-fed groups relative to controls. Ultrasound-treated DM showed a more pronounced impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1?, TNF-?, IL-6) than pasteurized milk, while IL-10 remained unchanged among the groups. Neither pasteurization nor ultrasound treatment affected the differential WBC or ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages. Overall, ultrasound treatment offered a superior microbial load reduction without adversely impacting antioxidant or bioactive components. These findings suggest that ultrasound application may serve as a viable alternative to traditional pasteurization for preserving the functional properties of donkey milk.

Utilization of Chitosan as an Immune Response Enhancer in Non-Acidic Vaccine Formulations

Tuncer Turkoglu, Can Cokcaliskan, Erdogan Asar — 2025-03-01

The unique properties of chitosan make it stand out as an ideal adjuvant candidate. However, the low solubility of chitosan in non-acidic aqueous media limits its use as an adjuvant. In this study, a method was offered to overcome this limitation, without any structural modifications of chitosan. The proposed method incorporated the preparation of Pickering emulsions via self-aggregation of the chitosan particles. As a model for this preparation, a w/o/w emulsion formulation of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was utilized. Two vaccine formulations, with and without chitosan, were prepared and compared regarding their physicochemical properties. Laboratory animal (guinea pigs) trials were conducted to reveal the immune response in terms of neutralizing antibody levels. The sera were collected from two animal groups and tested for neutralizing antibody levels using a homologous virus neutralization test (VNT). Statistical analyses of the test results were performed at a 5% significance level using Quasi-Least Squares Regression (QLS). The incorporation of chitosan into the w/o/w vaccine formulation did not compromise the physicochemical properties of the emulsion. Statistical analysis reveals that the presence of chitosan enhances the antibody response. The effect of time and group on the neutralizing antibody titer levels (NATL) was found to be significant (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the limitation of the use of chitosan as an adjuvant could be overcome by the Pickering emulsion preparation approach, without a need for further structural modifications. The presence of chitosan in such a vaccine formulation could enhance the immune response.

Producers Approach to Biogas Production from Waste in Livestock Enterprises: The Case of Seydişehir District of Konya Province

Mustafa Cizmeci, Aytekin Gunlu — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to determine the general characteristics of cattle breeding enterprises in Seydişehir district and the owners' perspectives on waste management. The research material of the study consisted of enterprises with 30 or more cattle engaged in animal production in Seydişehir district. Snowball sampling method was used in the application of data collection forms (questionnaire). At the end of the evaluations, 91 enterprises constituted the main material of the study. The surveys were conducted between October 2022 and August 2023. It was determined that the rate of utilization of animal waste was higher in the 1st and 2nd regions than in the 3rd region. It was determined that the fertilizers obtained were mostly preferred to be sold and very few breeders used them in their own lands. In addition to the increase in enterprise income, it was determined that environmental awareness increased in enterprises with more modern production. The statistical difference between the answers given to the questions on the structure of the enterprise and the more economical utilization of manure, storage, environmental awareness and the perspective on biogas production was found to be significant. It was stated that the owners of the enterprises were generally informed about biogas production, which is a renewable energy source, and wanted to contribute to biogas production. It was determined that most livestock farms in Seydişehir district of Konya province are favorable to biogas production and are aware that utilizing manure is to the advantage of the environment and the enterprise.

The Potential Protective Effects of Quercetin Treatment on Hippocampal Tissue of Wistar Rats Exposed to Cadmium

Mehmet Ozsan, Ihsan Kisadere, Ilknur Undag, Nurcan Donmez, Hasan Huseyin Donmez — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective potential of quercetin (Q) against cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity by evaluating its impact on antioxidant enzyme activities, cytokine profiles, neuronal survival, and histopathological alterations in the hippocampal tissue of rats. Twenty four healthy male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control (C; n = 6), cadmium (Cd; n = 6), quercetin (Q; n = 6), and cadmium + quercetin (Cd+Q; n = 6). CdCl? was administered subcutaneously at 4 mg/kg/day for three days to the Cd and Cd+Q groups. Simultaneously, quercetin was administered intraperitoneally at 50 mg/ kg/day to the Q and Cd+Q groups. The hippocampal tissues were collected posttreatment for biochemical, histopathological, and cellular analyses. Cadmium exposure led to oxidative stress, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed antioxidant defenses, and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Quercetin treatment partially mitigated these effects by enhancing antioxidant markers (GSH, SOD), modulating cytokine levels (notably IL-1), and preserving neuronal integrity, particularly in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that quercetin confers partial neuroprotection against cadmiuminduced hippocampal damage through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. While not entirely preventive, quercetin may serve as a supportive therapeutic agent in countering heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity.

A Novel Host Record: Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758) infestation on the Mediterranean Chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linnaeus, 1758) in Türkiye

Gokhan Eren — 2025-03-01

The aim of this study is to report a tick infestation detected on the Mediterranean Chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) in the Demre district of Antalya Province, located on the southern coast of Türkiye. A tick specimen collected from the orbital area was morphologically identified as Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758) using microscopic examination. Although Hy. aegyptium infestation is common in tortoises of the genus Testudo and some lizard species, it is infrequent in chameleons. This study represents a new host-parasite relationship for Hy. aegyptium in Türkiye, and in the world.

Evaluation of Traumatic Pelvic Fractures ın Cats: Morbidity and Mortality Rates- A Retrospective Study (2022-2023)

Nuriza Zamirbekova, Iremsu Satici, Halil Caltiner, Ismail Ozbek, Mustafa Arican — 2025-03-01

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of pelvic fractures in cats and to evaluate the causes of trauma, morbidity and mortality. The study included 224 cats of various breeds, sexes and ages that presented with pelvic injuries between February 2022 and December 2023. Data were collected using the hospital's patient database and by surveying pet owners by telephone. Data included sex, type of trauma, concomitant injuries with pelvic trauma, treatment methods and outcomes including mortality and morbidity. According to Messmer and Montavon's alphanumeric pelvic fracture classification, unilateral sacroiliac luxation was found in 23.2% of cases (n=52), bilateral sacroiliac luxation in 23.7% of cases (n=53), and bilateral corpus ilium fracture in 25% of cases (n=56). The most common injuries associated with pelvic fractures were pneumothorax in 36.6% (n=82) of cases, pulmonary contusion in 21% (n=47) of cases, hindlimb fractures in 21.8% (n=49) of cases, urinary incontinence due to peripheral nerve injury in 10.8% of cases, and forelimb fractures in 7.1% (n=16) of cases. Prognosis was excellent in 41.1% (n=92), good in 30.8% (n=69), poor in 1.3% (n=3) and death in 26.8% (n=60). Injuries to the nonweightbearing and unilateral weightbearing portions of the pelvis generally had a favorable outcome. However, as the number of bilateral fractures and injuries to the weightbearing portions of the pelvis increased, the mortality rate also increased.

Evaluation of Surgical Treatment Results in Cats with Urethral Obstruction

Zeynep Cimen, Iremsu Satici, Hatice Elif Sever, Busra Burcu Erol, Mustafa Arican — 2025-03-01

The aim is to evaluate the extent to which the loss of physiological stability in the patient, due to delays in performing surgery when medical approaches such as catheterization or urohydropulsion are insufficient in the treatment of urolithiasis and/or cystolithiasis in cats, affects the prognosis during or after the surgical procedure. In this study, 92 cases presenting with urolithiasis or cystolithiasis at the Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal Hospital between years 2023 and 2025 were evaluated, including those that required surgical intervention. Thirty-two (34.7%) cats of different breeds, sex, age and weight were used as study materials. Clinical, ultrasonographic and radiological examinations were done. Cystotomy, perineal urethrostomy, transpelvic urethrostomy or both were performed in cases with clinical symptoms. Of the 92 cats with urolithiasis or cystolithiasis, 65.2% responded to medical treatment, while 34.79% required surgery due to lack of response, obstruction, rupture, or unchanged stone size. Catheterisation led to rupture in 18.75% of these surgical cases. Surgeries included cystotomy (61.29%), urethrostomy (25.8%), and both (12.9%). The overall prognosis was 93.75% favourable. It was 100% favourable in cystotomy or urethrostomy alone, but 40% unfavourable in combined procedures. In feline lower urinary tract urolithiasis, stone type significantly influences the need for surgery. Prolonged medical treatment risks metabolic imbalance, while repeated catheterisations increase urethral trauma and complications. Small uroliths should be managed with non-surgical methods like urohydropropulsion. Standardising the treatment duration is essential, as iatrogenic ruptures during catheterisation can worsen prognosis. Early surgical intervention? before metabolic deterioration?improves anaesthetic and postoperative outcomes.

Effect of Low and High-Dose Dexamethasone on CYP3A and P-glycoprotein Expression and Function in Mice

2025-03-01

Dexamethasone, which acts on nuclear receptors, is used together with P-gp and Cyp3a4 substrates at different doses in the treatment of diverse diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different doses of dexamethasone on the expressions and functions of P-gp and Cyp3a4 (mouse homologues of Cyp3a4 are Cyp3a11 and Cyp3a13). Animals (n=54) were divided into 9 equal groups. The control group was given only water. (The second group received fexofenadine, the third group received midazolam, the fourth group received low-dose dexamethasone, and the fifth group received high-dose dexamethasone. Low dose dexamethasone was administered to the sixth and seventh groups, and high dose dexamethasone was administered to the eighth and ninth groups.) 24 hours after these applications, fexofenadine was administered to the sixth and eighth groups, and midazolam was administered to the seventh and ninth groups. Synthesis of mdr1a, mdr1b, Cyp3a11 and Cyp3a13 in the small intestine and liver were determined using RT-qPCR. Plasma concentrations of fexofenadine and midazolam were determined using HPLC-UV. The effect of dexamethasone on Cyp3a11 expression was determined to be dose-related, while its effect on P-gp expression was not dose-related. Midazolam, a CYP3A substrate, did not cause P-gp induction in the small intestine, but did cause P-gp induction in the liver. Fexofenadine and midazolam reduced the effect of dexamethasone on Cyp3a11 expression in the small intestine. Dexamethasone dose-dependently decreased the plasma concentration of midazolam and increased that of its metabolite. Dexamethasone caused a dose-independent decrease in plasma concentrations of fexofenadine. The effect of dexamethasone on P-gp expression is not dose-dependent, but its effect on Cyp3a11 ve Cyp3a13 expression is dose-dependent. Fexofenadine and midazolam caused a reduction in the effect of dexamethasone on Cyp3a11 expression in the small intestine.

α-Klotho in Pregnancy Toxemia in Goats: A New Biomarker Candidate?

Omer Yaprakci, Tugra Akkus — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of serum α-Klotho as a biomarker in pregnancy toxemia. The study included 45 Damascus goats that had given birth at least once and were between 120 and 150 days of gestation, brought to the Animal Hospital of Harran University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The goats were divided into three groups based on β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration in jugular vein blood samples. The control group (Control, n=15) consisted of goats with BHBA concentrations <0.8 mmol/L, the subclinical pregnancy toxemia group (Group 1, n=15) included goats with BHBA concentrations between 0.8-1.6 mmol/L, and the clinical pregnancy toxemia group (Group 2, n=15) comprised goats with BHBA concentrations between 1.6-5 mmol/L. Serum α-Klotho and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in the study groups were measured using commercial kits. Significant differences were observed in α-Klotho, BHBA, and NEFA concentrations among the groups (p<0.001). α-Klotho concentrations were lowest in the Group 2 and highest in the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, BHBA and NEFA concentrations were lowest in the control group and highest in the Group 2 (p<0.001). Strong correlations were identified among α-Klotho, BHBA, and NEFA concentrations (p<0.01). A significant negative correlation was observed between α-Klotho and BHBA (r=-0.887, p<0.01) and α-Klotho and NEFA (r=-0.951, p<0.01). The significant changes in α-Klotho concentration observed in both the clinical and subclinical forms of pregnancy toxemia suggest that it may be a potential biomarker candidate for the diagnosis of the disease.

Current Comparison of the Efficacy Vero And BHK-21 Cell Lines in the Isolation of Chlamydia Abortus

2025-03-01

Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacterium and a significant zoonotic agent associated with abortion storms, particularly in small ruminants. Due to its intracellular lifestyle, conventional isolation is limited, necessitating specialized protocols. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an optimized isolation method for C. abortus by comparing the efficacy of three different cell lines: Vero, monolayer BHK-21 (m-BHK-21), and suspended BHK- 21 (s-BHK-21). Samples were collected from PCR-positive materials, including a calf ?s stomach content, sheep vaginal swab, lamb fetal liver, and calf fetal liver. Each sample was inoculated into the three cell lines. Cell cultures were monitored using an inverted microscope equipped with a trinocular imaging system. Stamp staining and conventional PCR were employed for initial and intermediate detection. Final confirmation of C. abortus presence was performed via Stamp staining and quantitative analysis using Real-Time PCR. Bacterial growth was quantified using a cell counter, leveraging the bacterium?s gram-negative staining properties. Isolation was successful across all cell lines using the calf stomach content sample, whereas the remaining samples yielded positive results in only one cell type. Among the tested lines, s-BHK-21 demonstrated superior performance, producing the highest bacterial load (4.7×10? cells/mL). A 94-fold increase in viable cell count was observed from initial inoculation to the final harvest. The s-BHK-21 cell line is recommended as the most effective platform for C. abortus isolation, providing enhanced bacterial yield and reduced processing time. Its application may improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate further research into C. abortus pathogenesis and control strategies.

Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemoplasma Species In Cats In Different Regions of Türkiye By Molecular Methods

2025-03-01

Feline haemoplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis, (CMt) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) are frequent causes of chronic and acute diseases in cats. The current study aims to research the presence and genetic variety of Mycoplasma spp. in cats from different parts of Türkiye using molecular methods. In this study, 460 blood samples collected from cats from various parts of Türkiye (Malatya, Istanbul, Denizli, Konya, and Ankara) within the scope of different studies were investigated. Total genomic DNAs were obtained from the samples. The presence and phylogenetic position of feline haemoplasma species of feline hemoplasma species were detected using triplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of 16S SSU rRNA gene. Seven (1.52%) of 460 cat blood samples were found to be positive by triplex- PCR. CMhm was identified in six (1.30%) samples, whereas CMt was detected in two (0.43%) samples. Only one sample (0.21%) was infected with both CMhm and CMt. Mhf was not identified in the study. In addition, according to the sequence results, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected between both CMt and CMhm isolates. The results of the study revealed that haemoplasma infections are circulating in cats from different parts of Türkiye. It is considered to be very important to perform routine screening and develop effective control and prophylactic strategies to minimize infection.

The Life and Scientific Studies of Prof. Dr. Kürşad Turgut

Emine Merve Danis, Askin Yasar — 2025-03-01

The study aimed to reveal the contributions of Professor Dr. Kürşad Turgut, known for his contributions to the scientific world of veterinary internal medicine as well as his academic and administrative responsibilities, by analyzing his scientific and professional journey and to contribute also to the biographical resources of veterinary medicine. The study was based on original documents sourced from Professor Dr. Kürşad Turgut?s personal files at the Selcuk University Rectorate and the archives of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dean?s Office. Additionally, data were collected from face-to-face interviews with his family, close friends, colleagues, and students, as well as internet news articles from his period. The findings from the document review were organized chronologically through a retrospective evaluation. Born in Malatya in 1958, Turgut graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Fırat University in 1981. He completed his doctorate in 1989, gained the title of associate professor in 1991, and became a full professor in 1996. Throughout his academic career, he conducted scientific research in various countries, including England, the Netherlands, Finland, and Switzerland. Turgut also served as vice-rector and dean. Turgut, who left a lasting legacy for future generations with his scientific studies in the field of veterinary internal medicine, is said that he continues to make significant contributions to the discipline of veterinary internal medicine and to the fields of veterinary gastroenterology and cardiology. It is advisable to research the biographies of influential professionals who have made significant contributions to the field of veterinary medicine.

Skin mucus of Oncorhynchus mykiss as a functional barrier: Quantitative immunological and antimicrobial profiling

Gokcenur Sanioglu Golen, Ali Uslu — 2025-03-01

Fish are constantly exposed to various bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in both natural and artificial environments. As the first line of defense against these external threats, mucosal surfaces, particularly skin mucus, play a critical role. Skin mucus is not only a physical barrier but also an active immunological interface enriched with molecules such as lysozyme, immunoglobulins, complement proteins, and antimicrobial peptides. In aquaculture systems, infectious diseases represent a major threat to fish health and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological components and antimicrobial activity of skin mucus obtained from Oncorhynchus mykiss (O. mykiss). Levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement components C3 and C4 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lysozyme activity was assessed spectrophotometrically. The antimicrobial properties of the mucus were tested against eight selected bacterial and fungal pathogens by determining their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC). Skin mucus samples contained significant levels of immune-related proteins. Mucus showed significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some common fungal species. In particular, its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects are quite high against Gram-negative bacteria. This study demonstrates that the skin mucus of O. mykiss is not only a passive barrier but also an active component of innate immunity, offering potential as a natural biological source in sustainable aquaculture practices and in the development of alternative antimicrobial agents.

In vivo evaluation of the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Allium sativum (garlic), Leptospermum scoparium (manuka), and Litsea cubeba essential oils on Varroosis and Nosemosis co-infection in honey bees under field conditions

Mehmet Ozuicli, Yasin Baykalir, Ezgi Tegun — 2025-03-01

In this study, the efficacy of four different essential oils; Cymbopogon citratus (CC, Lemongrass), Allium sativum (AS, Garlic), Leptospermum scoparium (LS, Manuka), and Litsea cubeba (LC) against mite and microsporidian infections was evaluated in hives simultaneously infested with Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. Changes in mite and microsporidian loads were analyzed to determine the biological control potential of these plant-based treatments. Forty-two hives were divided into six groups (four treatment, two control), each consisting of seven hives. Essential oils were applied to the frames four times at weekly intervals using a spray method in the treatment groups. The Nosema load was determined using the digestion method, and the Varroa load was determined using the powdered sugar method. The number of falling mites was calculated using sticky paper placed on the bottom frame of the hive. Nosemosis treatment efficacy was 57.64% (CC), 58.97% (AS), 62.54% (LS), and 66.55% (LC). For Varroa, efficacy was 77.92%, 77.77%, 75.91%, and 79.42%, respectively. All treatment groups showed significant reductions in mite numbers from day 0 to 28 (p<0.001). Sticky board counts revealed a progressive decline between days 7 and 28 in AS, LS, and LC groups (p<0.001). Nosema spore counts also significantly decreased in all treatment groups (p<0.001). In this study, essential oils were found to be effective against Varroa infestation. Chemical residues in bee products, especially honey, can be prevented by using plant extracts instead of chemical agents in Varroa infestations.

Effects of Dried White Mulberry Pomace on Fattening Performance and Metabolic Profile Parameters in Lambs

Zekeriya Safa Inanc, Huzur Derya Arik — 2025-03-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of dried white mulberry pomace on yield performance in lambs. study used 42 weaned Merino lambs, both male and female, at 3 months of age. The experiment was conducted in 3 groups: control, MP150 (150 grams of mulberry pomace), and MP300 (300 grams of mulberry pomace), each containing 7 male and 7 female lambs. The lambs were subjected to a 14-day phase of adaption and 90-day fattening period feeding, and performance parameters were examined in 15-day intervals. Blood samples were collected from the lambs during the experiment's beginning, middle, and end of analyze metabolic profile parameters. The average increase in live weight in the study was determined as 60,9% in the MP150 group, 58,7% in the MP300 group, and 46.7% in the control group. The daily average live weight gains were found to be 0,20 kg/day in the MP150 group, 0,18 kg/day in the MP300 group, and 0,16 kg/day in the control group, although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0,05). There was no noticeable difference detected between groups in dry matter consumption (p>0,05). Changes were observed in metabolic profile parameters, but there were no discernible variations in terms of group and group × time interactions (p>0,05). Consequently, it may be claimed that mulberry pomace has positive effects on daily and average live weight gains, feed consumption, and feed efficiency ratios of lambs. In line with the effects of mulberry pomace, it shows that it has alternative feed source potential. This study, in which mulberry pomace is examined in many aspects, is thought to guide future research.

Surgical Management of Interscapular Feline Injection-Site Sarcomas (FISS): A Case Series of 43 Cats

2025-03-01

Evaluate surgical treatment efficacy for feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS) in the interscapular region by assessing complications, local recurrence, and long-term clinical and questionnaire findings. Forty-three cats with interscapular swelling and confirmed FISS were included. Surgery indication followed the 3-2-1 rule (mass ?3 months, size ?2 cm, growth within 1 month). Wide excision was performed under general anesthesia with ~5 cm lateral margins and ?2 fascial planes depth. Flap reconstruction was done if primary closure was impossible. Postoperative followup assessed complications, disease-free interval (DFI), overall survival (OS), and pain-related behavior via caregiver questionnaires at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Thoracic radiographs evaluated metastasis. Kaplan?Meier and log-rank tests analyzed data. The most frequent complication was incision dehiscence in 28/43 cats (65,1%); secondary infection in 3/43 (7,0%). Complications did not significantly affect OS or DFI (p>0.05). Local recurrence occurred in 18/43 cats (41,9%). Median OS exceeded 10 months in cats undergoing revision surgery, versus ~6 months in those refusing further surgery (p = 0.03). Suspicious thoracic lesions appeared in 2 cats; metastasis was not confirmed. Caregiver questionnaires showed significant improvement at 3 months (p < 0.01), with scores rising between 6 and 12 months in cats with recurrence (p < 0.001). FISS is surgically challenging due to high local invasiveness and recurrence despite low metastatic potential. Wide margins and flap reconstruction reduce tension and complications, improving outcomes. Vaccines and injections in extremities or tail, with regular monitoring, may aid early diagnosis and treatment success.

Investigation of the Prevalence of Dermatophytes Causing Skin Lesions in Cats in Ankara Province by Different Diagnostic Methods

Aziz Utku Onel, Murat Yildirim — 2025-03-01

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dermatophytosis in domestic cats with skin lesions in Ankara province and to compare the effectiveness of different culture media for isolation. Skin and hair samples collected from a total of 195 cats were examined. For this purpose, a range of investigative techniques were employed, including direct microscopy, examination with Wood's lamp, cultivation, the slide culture method and the hair perforation technique. A comparative evaluation was conducted to ascertain the suitability of various media for the cultivation of dermatophytes. The prevalence of dermatophytosis was found to be 14.36% (28/195). Of the twenty-eight dermatophyte isolates, twenty-six were identified as Microsporum canis and two as Nannizzia gypsea. Moreover yeast and mycelial fungal agents such as Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Bipolaris spp., Curvularia spp., Candida spp., Malassezia spp., Scopulariopsis spp. were isolated and identified. The differential diagnosis of Candida species was conducted through the implementation of gram staining, germ tube tests and Candida Chromogenic Agar passage. The results of these tests enabled the identification of two different species: Candida albicans and Candida krusei. In addition to these results, it has been determined that Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar are more suitable for use in the diagnosis of dermatophytes than other culture media. As a conclusion, this study suggests that further research should be conducted to report on the current epidemiology of dermatophytosis agents, which are important for public health, and to improve the media and techniques used in diagnosis.

Complex Urothelial Carcinoma with Micropapillary and Nested Variant with Tubular Differentiation and Omental Metastasis in a Dog: A Case Report

Aysegul Bulut, Menendi Merve Savas-Guvendik, Ozgur Ozdemir — 2025-03-01

In this presentation, the pathological examination of a complex micropapillary and nested urothelial carcinoma, tubular variant, diagnosed in the renal pelvis of a 1.5-year-old male Wolfdog, along with omental metastasis, is presented. The owner brought their dog to Selçuk University Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital with complaints of bloody urine and a mass in the abdominal region upon palpation. During the clinical examination, a large mass was detected in the left kidney during the ultrasonographic examination. During the surgical removal of the kidney, masses were also observed in the omentum and samples were taken. The tissues were sent to the Pathology Laboratory of Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine for histopathological examination. Macroscopic examination revealed that the mass in the kidney was 20x13x11 cm in size, creamy pink in colour, soft in consistency, and multilobular in structure. Microscopic examination revealed that significant atypia, pleomorphism, mitotic figures, cells with nuclei pushed to the periphery, signet ring cells, and Melamed-Wolinska bodies in the tumour cells. The diagnosis was nested variant urothelial carcinoma and omentum metastasis, showing micropapillary and tubular differentiation due to the presence of tubular and micropapillary structures formed by tumour cells.

Clinicopathological Aspects of the First Case of Bilateral Suppurative Pyelonephritis in Holstein Calves in Bulgaria

Ismet Kalkanov — 2025-03-01

The main objective of this study was to describe in detail the pathoanatomical and histopathological lesions found in the kidneys of three calves with bilateral suppurative pyelonephritis. The disease was observed for the first time in southeastern Bulgaria on a family cattle farm. The farm consisted of 48 adult Holstein cattle and 21 newborn and growing calves aged from 24 hours after birth to 45 days. The calves were born in the mothers' pens and then independently sucked colostrum. In the winter, within 72 hours, 5 calves fell ill and died: four females and one male, aged 5 to 9 days, with signs of dehydration, refusal of food and water, frequent and painful urination, pyuria, hematuria, kyphosis and fever. No treatment was given and no other calves in the group showed clinical signs. Three calf carcasses were submitted for necropsy and subsequent diagnostic testing by the farmer himself. After necropsy of the calves, tissue samples from the kidneys for histopathological examination. Samples of parenchymal organs (lung, liver, spleen and kidney), blood from the heart and a ligated section of the small intestine were also used for bacteriological studies. In conclusion, suppurative pyelonephritis is a rare multifactorial disease in newborn and growing calves with bacterial etiology. The macro- and microlesional changes in the kidneys of three calves described in the presented report will be of great benefit to veterinarians and researchers in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in ruminants.

Determination of Breed-Specific Differences in Intracranial Volume in Awassi and Kangal Sheep Using Stereology and Computerized Tomography Methods

Betul Kanik, Nida Karakaya, Mustafa Orhun Dayan — 2025-03-01

The main objective of the study was to observe the intracranial volume differences between Kangal and Awassi sheep using computerized tomography and Cavalieri principle and to observe the compatibility of the methods used. The intracranial volumes of the craniums of six adult Kangal sheep and six adult Awassi sheep used in the study were calculated using models taken from computerized tomography sections and the Cavalieri principle performed on the models and compared. The findings show that there are significant intracranial differences and high correlation between both sexes. In addition, it has been observed that computed tomography and volume calculations performed with the Cavalieri principle are compatible. The study shows that computed tomography and Cavalieri principle methods are effective tools in morphometric analysis and provide new information about the morphological characteristics of different animal breeds. The results show that these methods can be used as mutually supportive alternatives in future studies and can contribute to the morphological analysis of animal species.

Investigating the Impacts of Hatchery Application of Chlorine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Chloride on Survival and Hematological Profiles of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Adebola Oluyinka Ajiboye,Olayinka Remilekun Anifowose, Ifebuche Juliana Nwodo — 2025-03-01

Indiscriminate use of disinfectants in aquaculture caused ecological problems to aquatic organisms. This study was aimed to assess the median lethal concentrations 96h-LC50 of Chlorine, Hydrogen peroxide, and Sodium chloride on survival and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Three hundred and sixty fish (n=360) was divided into three groups, 120 fish (n= 120/ per disinfectant), each 120 fish was divided into five groups (n= 24/group). The fish were exposed to Chlorine (3mg, 9mg, 15mg, 21mg L-1), hydrogen peroxide (3mg, 9mg, 15mg, 21mg L-1), sodium chloride (3g, 9g, 15g, 21g L-1) and a control group for 96 hours. The median lethal concentration 96h-LC50 was evaluated using Probit analysis IBM SPSS 23 and haematological parameters were evaluated using one way ANOVA, significance is considered as p ? 0.05. The 96-LC50 values were: 7.422mgL-1 (Chlorine), 9.075mgL-1 (Hydrogen peroxide), and 10.172gL-1 (Sodium chloride). Sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine showed highest, moderate and lowest survival rates, respectively. Significant (p<0.05) anaemia, leukocytosis, and heterophilia were observed in groups exposed to chlorine, hydrogen peroxide (3 mg/L ? 21mg/L) and Sodium chloride (3 g/L ? 21g/L) compared to control group. Reduced hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts were observed in fish exposed to chlorine and hydrogen peroxide (15 mg/L ? 21mg/L) compared to control group. In this study, exposure to low and high concentrations of chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chloride induced stress and altered the hematological parameters in Clarias gariepinus juveniles.

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2025; 41(1)

Clinico-Morphological Studies in a Clinical Case of Emphysematous Abomasitis in a Lamb Herd in Bulgaria

Screening of Aeromonas spp. and their antimicrobial resistance profiles in wild fish and seawater from the Gulf of Antalya, Mediterranean Sea

Protective Effect of Micromeria congesta Against LPS-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Livers

Protective Effects of Vitamin U on Amiodarone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Altered Biomarkers in Rat Parotid Salivary Glands

Silage Studies Published in DergiPark Infrastructure: A Bibliometric Analysis

Evaluation of Factors Affecting Prognosis in Traumatized Cats

Age and Neutering as a Determinant of Liver Size in Cats: A Radiographic Length of the Liver to the Length of the 11th Thoracic Vertebra Ratio

The Effect of Ultrasound-Treated Donkey Milk on some Serum Antioxidant and Cytokine Levels as well as ANAE-Positive Lymphocyte Ratios in Rat Trial Models

Utilization of Chitosan as an Immune Response Enhancer in Non-Acidic Vaccine Formulations

Producers Approach to Biogas Production from Waste in Livestock Enterprises: The Case of Seydişehir District of Konya Province

The Potential Protective Effects of Quercetin Treatment on Hippocampal Tissue of Wistar Rats Exposed to Cadmium

A Novel Host Record: Hyalomma aegyptium (Linnaeus, 1758) infestation on the Mediterranean Chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon (Linnaeus, 1758) in Türkiye

Evaluation of Traumatic Pelvic Fractures ın Cats: Morbidity and Mortality Rates- A Retrospective Study (2022-2023)

Evaluation of Surgical Treatment Results in Cats with Urethral Obstruction

Effect of Low and High-Dose Dexamethasone on CYP3A and P-glycoprotein Expression and Function in Mice

α-Klotho in Pregnancy Toxemia in Goats: A New Biomarker Candidate?

Current Comparison of the Efficacy Vero And BHK-21 Cell Lines in the Isolation of Chlamydia Abortus

Investigation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemoplasma Species In Cats In Different Regions of Türkiye By Molecular Methods

The Life and Scientific Studies of Prof. Dr. Kürşad Turgut

Skin mucus of Oncorhynchus mykiss as a functional barrier: Quantitative immunological and antimicrobial profiling

In vivo evaluation of the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Allium sativum (garlic), Leptospermum scoparium (manuka), and Litsea cubeba essential oils on Varroosis and Nosemosis co-infection in honey bees under field conditions

Effects of Dried White Mulberry Pomace on Fattening Performance and Metabolic Profile Parameters in Lambs

Surgical Management of Interscapular Feline Injection-Site Sarcomas (FISS): A Case Series of 43 Cats

Investigation of the Prevalence of Dermatophytes Causing Skin Lesions in Cats in Ankara Province by Different Diagnostic Methods

Complex Urothelial Carcinoma with Micropapillary and Nested Variant with Tubular Differentiation and Omental Metastasis in a Dog: A Case Report

Clinicopathological Aspects of the First Case of Bilateral Suppurative Pyelonephritis in Holstein Calves in Bulgaria

Determination of Breed-Specific Differences in Intracranial Volume in Awassi and Kangal Sheep Using Stereology and Computerized Tomography Methods

Investigating the Impacts of Hatchery Application of Chlorine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Sodium Chloride on Survival and Hematological Profiles of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles

Age and Neutering as a Determinant of Liver Size in Cats: A Radiographic Length of the Liver to the Length of the 11^th Thoracic Vertebra Ratio