Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2005; 21(1-2)

Correlations Amongst Egg Weight Loss during Storage Period with Egg Weight and Chick Weight in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Süleyman Dere, Şeref inal, Mustafa Garip, Tamer Çağlayan, Muammer Tilki — 2005-03-01

This study was carried out to investigate the relationships amongst chick hatching weight, egg weight and egg weight losses during storage period in Japanese quail. Correlation coefficients between chick weight and egg weight, egg weight loss during 4 days preincubation period were estimated as 0.47(P<0.01 ),and (0.36, P=0.01). Highly positive correlations amongst egg weight loss groups,except from 4 and 9 day egg weight loss groups were estimated. (P<0.01)

Partial Coccygeal Vertebral Agenesis in a Cat

Zeki Oğurtan, Ayşen Uyaroğlu — 2005-03-01

Partial cocygeal vertebral agenesis was described in a cat.

A Research on the Structural and Technical Situation of the Commercial Layer Enterprises in Aydın

Mehmet Kenan Türkyılmaz, Ahmet Nazlıgül — 2005-03-01

This study was conducted to investigate the structural and the technical properties of commercial layer enterprises in Aydın. While a total of 26 enteiprises were consisted of the material, the share of small (0-10000 hen), medium (10001-20000 hen) and large scale (20001 and over hen) enterprises in total were determined as 23.0 %, 38.5 % and 38.5 %, respectively. It was determined that 66.4 % of total enterprises were in production at least 9 years and 53.8 % of these enterprises employed 1-2 workers, whereas 34.6 % of these workers have no social security. It was found that there was a statistically significant (P= 0.00, P<0.001) and important relationship (Phi = - 0.77, P<0.001) among farm size and pullet procurement. There was statistically significant (P=0.01, P<0.05) relationship (Phi= - 0.52, P<0.01) among the farm size and the cooling system, whereas there were no significant relationships between farm size and forced molting, heating, lighting, ventilation, cage density, manure disposal.

Studies on the Use of Prostaglandin F_2α and Sulfadoxin / Trimetoprim Combination in Treatment of Open Cervix Pyometra in the Bitch

Deniz Nak, Yavuz Nak, Abdülkadir Keskin — 2005-03-01

This study was done to evaluate usefulness of prostaglandin F_2α and sulfadoksin/ trimetoprim combination in treatment of open-cervix pyometra in the bitch. Diagnosis of pyometra was based on clinical signs, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. In this study, 10 bitches with pyometra were treated with Dinoprost tromethamine at a dose ol 0.5mg/kg bodyweight by subcutaneous once a day for five consecutive days. In addition, trimetoprim/sulfadoksin administered at a dose of 15mg/kg bodyweight by intramuscularly once a day for seven days. The response to treatment was monitored by clinical signs, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings. Six of ten bitches responded well to only first treatment. After two weeks, four bitches with recurrence of pyometra were treated a second time treatment. All bitches completely recovered. Bitches were monitored for two year. Two of ten bitches was bred after treatment and both delivered eight pups. Bitch had recurrence of pyometra within 20. month after treatment. Ovariohysterectomy was done. The results indicated that prostaglandin F_2α and sulfadoksin / trimetoprim combination are sufficient for medical treatment of bitch to open-cervix pyometra of reproduction is desired with clinical recurrence after treatment.

Phenotypic Correlations Between Egg Weight Loss, Porosity, Shell Thickness, Shape Index and Hatchability in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Mehmet Kenan Türkyılmaz — 2005-03-01

This study was conducted to determine the average weight loss, shell porosity, shape index and shell thickness in Japanese quail eggs during hatching process and to reveal the phenotypic correlations between hatchability and these characteristics. For this purpose, after individually weighing of the 402 eggs, eggs were weighed on 5, 10, 15 and 18 days of incubation to determine the egg weight losses. The average egg weight loss, egg shell porosity on different shell regions, shape index and shell thickness during incubation (0-18 days) were found as 19.2 %, 8.5, 77.6 % and 17.3 respectively. Statistically significant (P<0.001) positive phenotypic correlations (r = 0.491 and 0.436, respectively) were determined between egg weight loss and hatched and early dead embryos. Additionally, statistically significant (P<0.001) phenotypic correlations (r = 0.357 and 0.333) were found between the average shell porosity and hatched and late dead embryos.

Microbiological Quality of Some Ground Spices Sold Openly in the Retail Shops of Igdir

Zeynep Ulukanlı, Ekber Karadağ, Mehmet Elmalı, Abdurrahman Gürbüz — 2005-03-01

The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of some ground spices used commonly in the region of Igdir. Only 11 % of the red pepper and 5% of the cumin samples in the present work are of unacceptable hygienic quality when the total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts exceed 106 CFU/g according to criterion recommended by Turkish Food Codex (TFC, 2000). Detection rate for Enterobacteriaceae in ground red pepper, black pepper, cumin and cinnamon was found as 37%, 53%, 79%, 42%, respectively. Coiiforms were detected in 26°6 % of red pepper, 53% of black pepper, 58% of cumin, and 26% of cinnamon samples. 47% of the red pepper and 47% of black pepper, 16% of the cumin, and 5% of the cinnamon revealed to be contained the presence of Enterococci. Two red pepper, two black pepper and three cumin samples had positive results for £ coli. None of the samples had the presence of enteric pathogens including E. coli 0157: H7 and Salmonella spp. Pseudomonas!Aeromonas and lactobacilii counts were found to be lower than the detectable rate {<102 kob/g). Similarly, none of the samples contained coagulase (+) S. aureus. Although aerobic spore forming bacteria were present in all samples, the counts were in the acceptable range based on the TFC. The percent of non compliance with TFC standars for anaerobic spore forming bacteria was 11%, 16% and 16% of the red pepper, black pepper and cummin samples, respectively. 26% of red pepper. 32% of black pepper, 16% of cumin, and 11% of cinnamon samples for yeast and fungal count was not in accordance with the TFC standards.

Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cows by means of Transrectal Ultrasonography, Analysis of Serilin Progesterone and Examination of Vaginal Smear

Deniz Nak, Yavuz Nak, Dilek Arsoy Başaran, Abdülkadir Keskin — 2005-03-01

This study was done to compare three method for diagnosing early pregnancy as transrectal ultrasonography, serum progesterone assay, cytological examination of vaginal smear on days 21th, 36th and 46th post-inseminated and of the embriyonic losses in the cows. Fourty four Holstein cows, between 3-6 years old were used as materials. The sensitivity and specifity of the ultrasound examination in the 21th were 62.3% and 59.2%, respectively, but were 100%-100% and 100%-100% in the 38th and 46th days, respectively(P< 0,05). Progesterone concentration in the non pregnant and pregnant cows showed significant differences on the 21 th day {P< 0.001). Total Intermediate and parabasal cell count in the non pregnant and pregnant cows determined significant diffences on the 21 th, 38th and 46th days. In conclusion, Ihe use of transrectal ultrasonography of cows on days 38th and 46th of gestation offers a rapid, accurate and reliable diagnosis of pregnancy. In cows, diagnosis pregnancy using serum progesterone was detected as reliable method on 21^ days. Pregnancy diagnosis by examination of the celluler content of vaginal smear was not reliable because of minimum and maximum intermediate and parabasal cell count were similar in the non pregnant and pregnant cows.

Effects of Copper and Iron Addition to Diets on Growth Performance and Some Blood Parameters in Quail

Hüdai İpek, Mehmet Avcı, Muğdat Yertürk, Nurettin Aydilek — 2005-03-01

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different amounts of copper and iron addition to diets on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency and some blood parameters in Japanese quail. In the study, 210 Ja-panase quails, 10 days old were divided into five groups. The control group was fed with basal diet, energy and protein of which was balanced. Experimental group diets were prepared with supplementation of 100 ppm iron (Group I), 100 ppm iron and 100 ppm copper (Group II), 100 ppm copper (Group III), 200 ppm copper (Group IV) to control diet. The experiment was lasted at 5 weeks. As a result; supplementation of 100 ppm copper significantly increased body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency until second week (p<0.05). 100 ppm iron and 100 ppm iron + 100 ppm copper significantly increased erytrocyte number, haemoglobin concentration and haematoci value.

Microbiological, Chemical and Sensorial Quality of Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L) Fillets Smoked with Saws of Various Tree Species

Bahri Patır, Muhsine Duman, Osman İrfan İlhak — 2005-03-01

In this study, changes in microbiological, chemical and sensorial quality occurred during produclion and storage of mirror carp fillets smoked with saw of various tree species (hornbeam, oak, poplar, willow and pine tree). For this purpose, fillets that were soaked in 6 % brine lor 4 h were smoked at 70 °C for 4 h. five different groups of products were prepared prior to aerobic packaging and storage at 4°C. The samples were analyzed at fillet, after brining, after smoking, and on certain days of storage (7, 14. 21, and 28). Numbers of total mesophilic aerobes decreased rapidly after brining and smoking where as exhibited vanous changes during storage depending on the group of saw used. However, these variations was not significant (p>0.05). Number of yeast and mold decreased rapidly after smoking in al groups except for products smoked with pine saw. The numbers of yeast and molds were different in products smoked with pine and willow during storage but these differences were not at a significant level (p>0.05). Numbers of colifomn bacteria decreased rapidly during production and remained close in all product groups during storage (p>0.05). The moisture content of fillets decreased from 79.75 - 84.42 % to 58.45 - 65 - 58 % after smoking. pH of fillets which was 6.10-6.65 decreased after brining and smoking. pH of fillets increased at the beginning of storage and fluctuated between 5.64 - 6.04 and on further storage days. TVB-N level decreased in all groups after brining while increased during storage depending on the time period. NaCI level increased during production. NaCI level relatively decreased at initial days of storage and then fluctuated on further stages of the storage. No significant differences was found in results of chemical analysis of product groups during production and storage (p>0.05). In conclusion, smoking mirror carp fillets with saws of different tree species did not result in significant changes in chemical and microbiological aspects. However, products smoked with pine saw received significantly (p<0.05) lower acceptance score compared to other groups did.

Examination of Slime Production of S. aureus and S. intermedius Strains Isolated From Bovine Mastitis

Emine Arslan, Uçkun Sait Uçan — 2005-03-01

The aim of this study was to investigate slime productions of S. aureus and S. intermedius strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples by Christensen's Qualitative Tube (CQT) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) methods. For this purpose, a number of 26 S. aureus and 24 S. intermedius strains were examined. Of the S. intermedius strains, 45.8 % were detected to produce slime by Christensen's Qualitative Tube method while 91.6 % found positive by CRA method. Only 8.3 % of the strains tested were found to be negative by both methods. Of the S. aureus strains, 46 % and 88 % were produced slime by the methods CQT and CRA, respectively. CRA method is considered to be more sensitive and easier to apply and evaluate than the other.

Determination by RAPD-PCR of Relationship Degrees of S. aureus and S. intermedius Strains Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

Emine Arslan, Leyla Açık, U. Sait Uçan — 2005-03-01

The aim of this study was to determine of relationship degree with RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction) method of 23 of S.aureus and 7 of S.intemnedius strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Dendrogram obtained by RAPD results showed that all the isolates clustered in to four-main groups at a genetic similarity of less than 30% when analyzed with 10 random primers. While the highest relationship degree was 91.30%, the lowest relationship degree was found as 0.44%. This study shows that RAPD-PCR assayed with random primers can be successfully applied to assess the genetic relationship of S. aureus and S. intermedius strains isolated from bovine mastitis.

Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Ice Cream with Various Flavors in Elazig

Gülsüm Öksüztepe, Bahri Patır, O.İrfan İlhak, Pınar Şeker — 2005-03-01

This study was undertaken to determine microbiological and chemical quality of flavored ice-cream with various flavors and nuts collected from Elazig market. Ten samples from each of lemon, cacao, strawberry, sour cherry, and peanut-flavored ice cream were analyzed resulting in a total of 50 samples. The average numbers for coliforms, total aerobic mesophiles, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus, psychrophiles, and yeast-mold were found as 1.77 - 2.70 Iog10 EMS/g, 3.44 -4.49 logio cfu/g, 1.87 - 3.09 log-ıo cfu/g, 2.59 - 3.67 logio cfu/g, and 1.58 - 2.99 logio cfu/g, respectively. Escherichia coli type 1 was determined in 10 (20%) of 50 samples. Level of Staph, aureus was found greater than 1.0 x 10 cfu/g in 14 (28%) samples. Chemical parameters were determined on average as 3.73-6.83 for pH, 0.26 - 1.23% (lactic acid) for tit-ratable acidity, 0.84 - 0.87 for aw, 3.59 - 7.27% for fat, 31.27 - 35.53% for dry matter, 11.30 - 21.80% for fat in dry matter, 25.16 - 63.10% for invert sugar, 2.69 - 26.37% for sucrose, and 43.41 - 66.67% for total sugars. It is concluded that flavored ice-cream samples with various fruits and nuts analyzed in the present study was of poor microbiological quality, probably due to production under unsanitary conditions, therefore may exhibit a health risk for general public. However, ali samples tested were in compliance with the current standards for chemical parameters.

Effect of Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of Oak Leave (Quercus hartwissiana) and Polyethylene Glycol on Rumen Protozoa in Tuj Lambs

Feyyaz Önder, İsmail Kaya, Sedat Yıldız — 2005-03-01

Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding tanniniferous oak (Quercus hartwissiana) leaves with or without a tannin binding agent, polyethylene glycol (PEG), on rumen protozoa in Tuj lambs. A total of 42 lambs (8-9-month-old) were equally divided into 7 groups as follows: 1) control (0 g leaf + 0 g PEG); 2) 185 g leaf + 0 g PEG; 3) 185 g leaf + 10 g PEG; 4) 185 g leaf + 20 g PEG; 5) 370 g leaf + 0 g PEG; 6) 370 g leaf + 20 g PEG; 7) 370 g leaf + 40 g PEG. All groups were given 272 g concentrate and varying amounts of hay, such that the amount of leaf plus hay was equal to 645 g. The experiment continued for 60 days following adaptation period and the lambs were kept in individual cages. Rumen samples were taken 2 h post-feeding in the middle (Day 30) and at the end of the experiment (Day 60). It were determined the ciliate protozoa counts and the differential protozoa counts in the rumen contents. Total protozoa counts of groups were 799x103/ml, 924 x103/ml, 1014 x103/ml, 729 x103/ml, 824 x103/ml, 717 x103/ml and 872 x103/ml, respectively for groups 1-7 in the middle of the experiment (Day 30) and were 678 x103/ml, 755 x103/ml, 972 x103/ml, 637 xlCP/ml, 693 x103/ml, 765 x103/ml and 1026 x103/ml, respectively for groups 1-7, at the end of experiment (Day 60), respectively. In the study, eight species of protozoa were identified belonging Holotrich (Isotricha intestinalis, Isotricha prostoma and Dasytricha ruminantium) and Oligotrich families (Entodinium minimum, Entodinium caudatum, Diplodinium spp, Epidinium ecaudatum and Ophyroscolex caudatum). Entodinium spp. were dominant (approximately 90 %). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the protozoa counts and the differential protozoa counts between groups and sampling times (Days 30 and 60). In conclusion, there was no effect the level of oak (Quercus hartwissiana) leaf intakes in the study and PEG supplementation to the diet on rumen protozoa in Tuj lambs.

Effects of in Ovo Given Anatoxin Bı on the Chick Hatching Weight

M. Faruk Aydın, İlhami Çelik, Emrah Sur, Haluk Özparlak, Tuğba Telatar — 2005-03-01

In this study, effects of in ovo given, various doses of aflatoxin B1 on the chicken hatching weight was investigated. For this purpose, a total of 360 fertilized layer hen's eggs were used. The eggs were divided into 6 groups each having 60 eggs as, controls, drilled-sealed, ETOH, 5 ngAFBi/egg, 7.5 ngAFBi/egg and 10 ngAFBi/egg. Chick hatching weights of the in AFBi given groups declined in a dose dependent manner. Similar decrease pattern was also observed in relative embriyo weight values of the groups.

Determination of the Distribution of Silver-Stained Nucleolar Organizing Regions (AgNORs) in the Livers of Broilers and Laying Hens

Mehmet Faruk Aydın, İlhami Çelik — 2005-03-01

In this study, the number, localization, size and area of the silver staining nucleolus organiser regions (AgNORs) were determined in the livers of both a layer (Nick Chick) and broiler (Hubbard) chickens through the hatching pe-nod and afterwards up to either 6m week for broilers or 32th week of age for layers. Comparisons were made for each period between genders of each group, and also between the layers and broilers. The results showed that nuclear area of the layers was significantly higher at the 17th day of hatching period. AgNOR number was higher in broilers on the day of hatch, whereas the layers had higher diameter on the hatch and at the 17th day of hatching period. AgNOR number at the 6th week ol post-hatch. AgNOR number was higher in the broilers on the day of hatch, whereas the layers had more AgNORs at 6tfl week of posthatch area of the layers was higher both at the 14th day of hatch and the week of post-hatch. Both at the 17^ day of the hatching period and on the day of hatch, broilers had larger AgNORs, although broilers had larger AgNORs at 6'h week of post-hatch. Based on the findings, it is impossible to correlate the growth performance and egg production iraits with the AgNOR and nuclear parameters of the hepatocytes investigated in this study,

A Light Microscopic Investigation on the Histology and Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (ANAE)-Positive Lymphocyte Localization in the Hemal Nodes of Akkaraman Sheep

Emrah Sur, Mehmet Faruk Aydın, İllhami Çelik — 2005-03-01

This study was performed to determine the histologic structure and localization of the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive lymphocytes in hemal nodes of Akkaraman sheep. For this purpose, tissue samples from hemal nodes of twenty, 2-year-old-aged Akkaraman sheeps were used. After processing, tissue sections were taken and stained with Crossman's trichrome, hematoxylin-eosine, Gordon-Sweet's reticular liber stain, toluidine blue stain, methyl-green-pyronin and Pappenheim's panoptic stain. In frozen sections, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) was demostrated. The results showed that the hemal nodes were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule involving smooth muscle fibers and had a sinus system compromised by subcapsular and deep sinuses filled with blood. The node stromal tissues displayed a meshwork pattern of reticular fibers. Cortical and medullar regions were not definite. Lymphatic nodules and cords were formed by clumps of plasma cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages and mast cells. The nodes had no definite lymphatic sinuses. ANAE-positive lymphocytes localized especially in the germinal centers of the secondary lymphatic nodules.

Hypospadiasis in Akkaraman Twins

Ayşen Uyaroğlu, Zeki Oğurtan — 2005-03-01

Hypospadiasis was evaluated in clinically examined Akkaraman twins.

Cholangiocellular Carcinoma in a Dog

Gürsel Sönmez, Selda Özbilgin — 2005-03-01

In this report, a case of cholangiocellular carcinoma in a 4 - year - old, male, mongrel retriever is described. In the necropsy, numerous neoplastic masses, grey - white colored, firm, 0,5 - 4 cm in diameter were seen both on the serosal and cut surfaces of the liver. Additionally, metastases were observed in the portal lymph nodes, omentum, diaphragm and spleen. Microscopically, tumor cells were generally arranged in to form ductular or glandular structures lined by mucin secreting cuboidal or columnar epithelium.