Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2003; 19(3-4)

Effect of Copper on Some Biochemical Parameters in Lambs

İsmail Şen, Ercan Keskin, Mahmut Ok, Hüdai İpek, Ramazan Çöl — 2003-04-01

Experimentally induced sub-clinical coppeı deficiency and copper added to a ration were evaluated to find out how some biochemical parameters ol Akkaraman lambs were affected m this study. This study was performed on total of 18 healthy lambs, aging 3 months and weighing between 16-18 kg Animals were divided into three groups according to the body weight as group 1 (control), group It (copper added) and group III (copper deficiency). Blood samples were collected before the experiment and at the end ol three monlhs. No clinical symptoms were observed related lo copper toxicity or delraency In the groups II and III. respectively. Although biochemical parameters ol lambs in groups II and III showed individual differences compared to the controls, they were not statstically significant. As a result, it was determined that experimentally induced sub-clinic copper dificiency and 25 mg/kg copper added to a ration had no important effects in the some biochemical parameters.

Effects of Sodium Polyphosphate Usage on Quality of Chickcn Salami Having Decreased Salt Levels

Servet Karaçam, Yusuf Doğruer — 2003-04-01

This sludy was carried out to determine the possible usage of sodium polyphosphate (STPP) to evaluate the quality problems in chicken salami in which reduced ration of NaCI was used and to determine the effects of STTP and reduced salt on the chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties. Firstly, four mam groups were formed according to the decrease of sail ratio at 0% (control), 10%, 20% and 30%. And then each main group was divided into two subgroubs according to the using of STTP at 0% and 0.3%. Chemical and physicochemical analysis records, based on STPP levels showed that there was a significant difference on pH values the 30th day. Reduced NaCI levels revealed significant differences on Ihe emulsion and salt ratios at day Is1, moisture and salt ratios at day 15th. salt ratio and pH values at day 30th, salt ratio and water activity at day 60th, Microbiological results indicated that the number of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus microorganisms showed a remarkable difference among groups in Ihe samples by using reduced salt at day 15th, Growth of yeast, mold and coliform microorganisms in salamies was not observed during the storage period. In sensorial evaluation significant differences were found in for the taste and texture throughout the research. Significant differences were also observed on the acceptability by the use of reducied salt on the 1st, 30th and 60th days. According lo the STPP levels, Ihe samples showed a signicant differences for Ihe taste, texture and acceptability on Ist, 30th and 60th days. On the other hand appearance and color points showed a significant difference on 1st day. In conclusion reducing the salt ratios did not affect the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of the product excepl emulsion stability. However lower grades on the sensory properties due to the reduced salt levels, could be prevented by using STPP.

The Effect of Wild Vetch Seed (Vicia ervilia) with Treatment on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Broiler Chickens

Mehmet Avcı, Rahmi Kanat — 2003-04-01

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Ihe raw. soaking, boiled, roasting wild vetch seed (Vicia ervilia L Wild) added to feed al 4%, %7, 10% levels on the broiler performance and carcass parts. Totally, 390 broiler chicks were used in the study. Each treatment was added to diet at three levels (4 %, 7 % and 10%) in the experimenl performed with one control, one raw (non-processing), and three processing (soaking, boiled and roasting ) wild vetch seed (Vicia ervilia L Wild). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. The experiment continued at six weeks. The highest live we-ighis were obtained in groups control and raw (1349.46 and 1283.16 g. respectively) There were no significant differences regarding live weight in soaking, boiled and roasting groups (1248.00, 1250.40, 1231.09 g, respectively). Values of live weight in all groups at the levels of 4 % and 7 % were significantly higher (p<0.01) than that of 10 %. Feed consumption in group raw was significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of control. In addition; feed consumption in soaking, boiled and roasting groups were also significantly lower (p<0.0t) than that of control and raw groups. Feed consumption at 4 % and 7 % levels were higher than that of groups at 10 % levels. Feed conversion were similar in groups control, raw. soaking and boiled. However, it was lower in group roasting. Wild vetch seed levels had no effect on teed conversion in all groups. In conclusion; it was concluded thai raw wild vetch seed at 4% level could be used in broiler feed.

Effect of Some Organic Acid on the Quality of Eğrez (Vimbia vimbia tenella) Fish

Abdullah Diller, Behire Işıl Işıklı, Ahmet Güner, Yusuf Doğruer — 2003-04-01

In this investigation, it was earned out to determine the effect of benzoic, sorbic and lactic acide added to pickling solu!ion before smoking on the quality of Eğrez fish (Vimbia vimbia tenella). For this purpose, the fish were kept in four different pickling solutions for 10 h ai 4°C. The first contained only 20% NaCI solution (control) and the others contained 20% NaCI with 0.5% benzoic acide, 0,1% sorbic acide and 0.03% lactic acide. The fish were smoked at 30°C for 30 min, 1 h al 50"C and 1 h at SO'C. Afterwards, the fish were vacuum packaged and stored at 4°C for 45 days. The samples were analyzed lor chemical, microbiological, and organoleptica) properties on days 1W, 14th, 22^. 30th and 45th dunng storage. The fish were analyzed for chemical and microbiological propetrties before salting. It was determined that organic acid added to pickling solution before salting caused to decrease in pH values {P<0.001) and in numbers of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus (P<0.001). However, a significant increase was observed in TBA values (P<0,001) of the samples. Lactic actde application was more effective on total psycrophilic aerobic microorganisms (P<0.001), colilorm bacteria (P<0.001), flavor (PcO.OI). texture (PcO.OOl, P<0.05), and overall acceptability (P<0.05) than the others. Sorbic acide application caused to decrease in TVB-N levels, Sorbic and lactic acide groups received the highest color No significant effoct of benzoic acide application was found on the quality during Ihe storage period. In conclusion, il was determined that use of lactic acide in pickling before smoking has positive effects on the quality and shelf-life of fish than the sorbic and benzoic acide.

İmmunohistochemical Detection of p53 Protein in The Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Fatma Sayın, Nursal Metin, S.Serap Birinöoğlu — 2003-04-01

The expression of p53 protein was investigated in three ocular squamous cell carcinomas of one horse and two cows by an immunohistochemical (Avidin-Biotin immunperoksidaz Complex-ABC) procedure using anti-human p53 protein mouse monoclonal antibodies. Positive p53 nuclear immunostaining was detected in only equine case.

Investigation Effcct of Propofol When Added to Xylazine-Diazepam-Ketamine Anaesthetic Combination in Horses

Cengiz Ceylan, Hüdai İpek, Ali Hayat, Mehmet Şakar — 2003-04-01

The aim ot this study was to determine the effects of propofol when added to xylazine-diazepam-kelam ine anaesthetic combination in horse anaesthesia Oy evaluation ol some cardiopulmonary, hematological, biochemical and clinical anaesthetic parameters. In this study a total of six horses were used, and horses were treated two times with two anaesthetic drug combinations at seven days inlerval in random order. In grup I, horses were treated with xylazine-diazepam-ketamine, and in grup II horses were treated with xyiazine-diazepam-ketamine-propofol anaesthetic drug combination. In all horses after last drug injection; anaesthesia induction time, anaesthesia time, and recumbency time to sternal and time to standing were recorded. Quality of induction, anaesthesia and recovery were evaluated. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temparature; systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressures were evaluated before anaesthesia (baseline) and after induction of anaesthesia up to 30 minutes in 5 minutes intervals. Also for hematological and biochemical analysis venous blood samples were collected before and after induction of anaesthesia at 10, 30, 60, 90 minutes. After induction of anaesthesia cardiopulmonary parameters were decreased below baseline values in first stage of anaesthesia and then they were reached to baseline values in late stage of anaesthesia. It was observed thai when propofol added to xylazine-diazepam-ketamine combination caused transient hypertansion and respiratory depression, and also slightly changed the clinical anaesihetic parameters in good manner, li was concluded that propolol when added to xylazine-diazepam-ketamine anaesthetic combination for anaesthesia of horses produced more safe and adequate anaesthesia without significant changes in vital parameters.

Comparison of Effects on some Haema to logical and Biochemical Values and Recovery from Anaesthesia of Halothane and Sevoflıırane in Dogs

Ali Hayati, Sait Bulut — 2003-04-01

In this study comparison ot effects recovery from anaesthesia with on some haematological and biochemical values in different ages, sexes, breeds and weights dogs were made. Halothane and sevoflurane of the doses of t .5 MAC during two hours were administered in a mixture of 100 % 02. During recovery period, sevoflurane group regained reflex earlier than halothane group. The complete recovery period (standlng-up) occurred short in sevoflurane group as compared with halothane group. Among haematologic parameters, leukocyte count continued to rise 24 hours after the anesthesia (p<0,001). Although leukocyte count increased in sevoflurane group, this increase was detected to be statistically non-significant. Even though erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and PCV were observed to reduce slightly during anesthesia (p<0.05), they reached their pre-anesthetic values after 24 hours. In biochemical parameters, statistically significant differences in serum glucose (p<0.001) and ALT (p<0.05) levels in halothane group were detected. These parameters were measured as near as their normal values in the blood serum taken 24 hours after anesthesia. In sevoflurane group, statistically significant increase in serum glucose (p<0.01) level during the anesthesia was determined to approach to its preanesthetic vaiue in the samples taken 24 hours later. In other biochemical parameters, BUN, creatine, albumin and globulin values were seen to remain within their physiologic ranges in both groups. In conclusion, it was determined that sevoflurane imposed few adverse effects on the haematological and biochemical parameters and possessed short recovery period as compared with haiotnane Therefore, It was suggested that sevoflurane should be preferred to halothane in cases which nave poor condition or require quick recovery from anesthesia.

Plasma Vitamin A and β-Carotene Levels in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Holstein Cows

Seyfullah Haliloğlu, Ahmet Semacan, Nuri Başpınar, Gökhan Doğruer — 2003-04-01

This study was carried out to determine the changes of β-carotene and vitamin A levels on pregnant and nonpregnant cows, on 20 primiparous Holstein cows with same management conditions. The vaginal, rectal and ultrasonographic examinations were conducted on cows to determine the reproductive problems. The cows without reproductive problem were synchronised and inseminated. A total of 11 blood samples were taken per cow between 0 to 23 days post-insemination, the plasma p-carotene and vitamin A levels were determined spectrophotometry ally. The examination of the pregnancy was carried out ultrasonographically on 25^th day post-insemination and the cows were divided into two groups as pregnant (n= 11) and non-pregnant (n=9). In our study, although we observed a positive correlation between β-carotene and vitamin A levels in pregnant cows, no relation was seen in non-pregnant cows. Moreover, regarding β-carotene levels, an important difference was recorded between pregnant and non-pregnant cows, but no difference in respect with vitamin A between both groups. As a result, we have concluded that the rich feeding in regard to β-carotene is useful for the increase of the fertility rate in cows exposed to close shed rearing.

Macro-Anatomic Investigations on the Digestive Systems of the Rock Partridges [Between Esophagus and Cloacal

Hakan Yalçın, Kemal Kırıkçı, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2003-04-01

Trio purpose of Ihıs study was to determine Ihe macroanatomical features and length and weight of Ihe digestive organs located between esophagus and cloaca of the partridges (A graeca). By measuring and weighing of the organs and Iheir relations to body weight and lenglh were determined. For this purpose, 16 adult Rock partridges (32 weok of ago, 8 male and 8 female) were used. Partridges were dissected as Iresh and fixed m formaldehyde. There were no significant differences between the male and females Rock partridges wilh respect to alimentary tract organ mac-roanatomicaly. As a difference, the weight of ihe female fresh dissected pancreas ol female partridges was heavier to these ol the male partridges (P<0.05).

Generalized Subcutaneous Emphysema (Pnenmoderma) in a Dog

İlker Çamkerten, Arif Kurtdede, Abuzer Acar — 2003-04-01

This case was observed in a 3 year-old, male German Shepherd dog. In the anamnesis, ihe dog, being as a guard dog, was involved in a dog fighting wilh the owned dogs about two weeks ago, and had biting wounds on ils neck, back, and legs. There were emphysematous swellings on these regions one week later. Eventually, these swellings spread all over the body 15 days later. Parenteral enrofloxacin was administered to the dog for 3 weeks and local medication was applied lo the wounds. In clinical examination, there were fluctuant, crackle, and cold subcutaneous swellings all over the body, and deep wound traces on Ihe head and neck skin. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis and clinic findings. Wounds were opened operalively, cleaned by an iodide antiseptic, applied by hydrogen peroxide. Penicillin-streptomycin was administered intramuscularly for 5 days. The swellings disappeared one week after tho treatment. There was no reoccurrence wilhin one year. This case was thought to be of valuable to publish since it is seen rarely in dogs.

Pathological Investigation on the Uterus of Slaughtered Cows

Serap Türkütanıt Birincioğlu, Nursal Metini Nihat Toplu, Fatma Sayın — 2003-04-01

The purpose ot this study was to investigate pathologic changes (macroscopic and microscopic findings) in the uterus of cows slaughtered al Aydın Abattoir. Total 316 uterus were examined. Several lesions were observed in 24 cases (8.63 %) of 278 non-pregnanl uterus. The incidences of the these lesions were determined; acut catarrhal endometritis 1.80 %, purulent endometritis 1.07 %. chronic nonpurulent endometritis 2.88 %, pyometra 0.36 %, hypoplasia of me-sometnum 0.72 %, metastatic calcification of uterus arters 0.72 %, melanosis 0.72 % and adenomyosis 0.36 %.

Macro-Anatomical Investigations on the Masticatory Muscles of Tree Squirrel

Hakan Yalçın, Atilla Arslan, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2003-04-01

In this study, adult squirrel (S. anomalus) were used 6 (5 male ve 3 female). The masticatory muscles (masseter. temporal, pterygoid, digastric, zygomaticomandibular muscles) were examined by the dissection. It was determined the superficial masseter originated from facial tubercle at the ventral to the infraorbital foramen and inserted to tuberculum on the lateral surface of the angular processs of the mandible. It was determined the anterior deep masseler orgmated from fossa on the lateral surface of the maxillary bone and inserted on the ventral masseteric ridge on the lateral surface of the mandible.

Blood Supply to the Facial Region of Anatolian Buffaloes

Vural Özdemir, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2003-04-01

The aim of this study is to investigate macroscopicaily blood supply to the facial region of Anatolian buffaloes. A total of 8 buffalo heads were used. It was observed that the main vessel of facial region is facial artery, in addition to this a. mentalis, a. masseterica, a. transversa faciei and branches of infraorbital, superficial temporal and malar arteries were join to blood supply of facial region.

Macroanatomic Investigations on the Innervation of the Tongue in Anatolian Buffaloes

Vural Özdemir, Sadullah Bahar, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2003-04-01

The aim ol this study was to investigate the origines, courses and innervation areas of the cranial nerves, innervating the tongue in Anatolian Buffaloes, The lingual nerve terminated in the rostral two thirds of the tongue. The chorda tympani joined to Ihe lingual nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve stemmed from the medulla oblongata, then, dispersed in the caudal one third of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve scattered in the tongue muscles after arising from the medulla oblongata.

The Histological Studies in Spleen and Bursa of Fabricius of Hormonally Thymectomised Chickens

Mustafa Sandıkçı — 2003-04-01

In this study, the effect of hormonal thymectomy induced by hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) administration at post hatching period on the spleen and bursa of Fabricius ol chickens was investigated ligth microscopically. For these purpose, 200 chickens from Avian Bred were used as materials. While 100 chickens served as a controls, 100 chickens were hormonally thymectomized by subcutaneous hydrocortisone acetate administration at one week old. At 2, 4, 6 days following the HCA treatment, it was demonstrated that spleens reduced Ihe size, the frequency of lymphocyte decreased and germinal centers disappeared. In these periods, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocyles lound in peri arteri olar lymphatic sheath in the control group, but the ANAE-positive cells were not observed in the HCA treated group. By the 3rd week following the HCA treatment, ANAE pozitive lymphocytes were rarely seen in the peri arteriolar lymphatic sheath in comparison with control group. After wards, the spleens of HCA-treated animals had quite similar histology with those of the controls. At the 2. 4, 6 days following the HCA treatment, bursa of Fabricii of the animals were displayed advanced atrophy, the cortical region of lymphoid follicles was almosl disappeared, cystic structures were observed in the centres of lymphoid follicles. In these periods, a number of ANAE positive lymphocytes were found in the medullar regions of lymphoid follicles and few ANAE positive lymphocytes found under the follicle associated epithelium (FAE). whereas in the HCA-treated animals the cells did not appear beneath the FAE. Bursa Fabricii of HCA-treatment group displayed quite similar with those of the controls, at subsequent periods of the experiment.