Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2003; 19(1-2)

Düzeltme

2003-01-01

Fertility Traits in Brown Swiss Herd at Konya Animal Research Institute

Şeref İnal, Muammer Tilki, Mehmet Çolak, Seyit Ümitli — 2003-01-01

This study was investigated the levels of some reproductive characters of Brown Swiss cattle which are at Konya Animal Research institute. Data of 230 cows within the period from 1990 to 1999 were analyzed The average of age at first insemination was 20.8 month, age at first calving was 32.7 month, conception rate was 80.04 %, birth rate was 93.31 %, anoestrus rate was 4.46 %, percentage of abortions was 2,23 %, premature btrth and slill birth were 1.67 and 1 81 %, twinning rate was 0.97 the number of insemination per conception was 1.76. calving interval was 382.5 day, gestation length was 286.5 day. service period was 124.0 day. the interval from parturition to first insemination was 72,5 day, the interval from first insemination to conception was 47.7 day. As a results, these fertility trails in Brown Swiss herd at Konya Animal Research Institute indicated a good reproductive performance.

The Determination of Energy Levels in Some (î rains Used in Ruminıınl Diets by Nylon Bag Technique

Nihat Denek, Suphi Deniz — 2003-01-01

The aim ol this study was to determine dry matter (DM) degradabilities and energy contents ol some cereal grains commonly used in ruminant nutrition by nylon bag technique. Thereby, six samples (collected from different regions) ol corn, barley, wheat, rye. oat and trilicale were utilized in the study. Each samples in duplicate were incubated in the rumen of three fistulated rams for 2, 4. 8 16, 24 and 48 hours. Majonty of DM was degraded in barley. wheal, rye, oat and trilicale (73.16%, 80.70%, 81.66 %, 65.17% and 75.87%. respectively), bul DM degradability of corn was slower and 35.00 % after 2 h incubation. Dry matter degradability of corn consistently continued until 48-h incubation time and was 86.62 % after 48 h incubation. Dry matter degradabilities of barley, oat. and trilicale also continued until 48-h incubation time and were 87.78, 72.58 and 93.76 %, respectively, after 48 h incubation. Dry matter degradabilities of wheat (90.73 %) and rye (91.04 %) reached the peak level after 16 h incubation. Digestible and me-tabolzable energy values oi samples were corralated with DM and OM degradabilities. Energy values reached the peak level in which DM degradibilities reached the peak levels, and energy values did not differ afterward. Me-tabolizable energy values were 13.90 MJ/kg DM for corn, 13.55 MJ/kg DM for barley, 11.25 Mj/kg DM for oat, and 14 47 MJ/kg DM for trilicale based on 48 h incubation; 13,68 MJ/kg DM for rye based on 24 h incubation: and 13.55 MJ/kg DM for wheat based on 16 h incubation.

A Study on Mead Measurements ol' Kangal and Akbaş Turkish Shepherd Dogs

Cafer Tepeli, Orhan Çetin — 2003-01-01

The compare of head measurements of Kangal and Akbaş Turkish Shepherd Dogs has been aimed in this study. Four different head measurements of 63 dogs {33 Kangal and 30 Akbaş Dogs) at one year of age were taken. The Least Squares Melhod was used as statistical analysis. At first age, in Kangal and Akbaş dogs, average length of head were 28.36 and 27.90 cm, length of muzzle were 11.81 and 11.84 cm. circumference of head were 48.43 and 44.72 cm. circumference of muzzle were 28.83 and 25.33 cm. respectively. As a result, It can be said thai Kangal and Akbaş Shepherd Dogs have mesaticephalic skull type and Kangal dogs have wider head and thicker muzzle than Akbaş dogs (P<0.05).

Effect of Whole-Crop Corn Conserved With Different Methods on Kuminal Fermentation in Sheep

Fuat Gürdoğan, I. Halil Çerçi — 2003-01-01

This study was earned out to determine effect of whole-crop com conserved with different methods on ruminal fermentation m sheep. For this purpose, the study was conducted using 6x6 Latin Square trial in 6 Ivesi lambs at the age of 6 monlhs and at the same weights. Six different groups were formed by using 6 different conserving methods. The crop en-sited as fresh on the same day of harvesting was Y group, the crop ensiled after wilting 24-48 h on the ground was Pt group, the crop ensiled after wilting 24-48 h under a roof was Pç group, the crop ensiled as fresh by adding straw treated with HCI (fresh material 80% + straw 20%) was Y+S group, the crop dned on the ground was Kt group and the crop dried under a roof was Kç group. Lactate concentration was higher in the group ensiled as fresh by adding straw treated with HCI and NH3-N concentration was higher in the group ensiled as fresh. The pH levels ol rumen liquid in dried groups were higher than the silage groups in 1,3, and 5 h measurements and the lowest pH level was obtained in the group ensiled as fresh by adding straw treated with HCI (p<0.05). The highest level ol NH3 concentration was determined in the group ensiled as fresh (p<0.05). The concern rat ions of total volatily acids, acetate, propionate and butyrate were found to be lower in dried groups than silage groups (p<0.05).

Determination of Some Clinical, Haemotological and Biochemical Parameters for Cattle Fed Dried Oak Leaf

Engin Balıkçı, Fuat Gürdoğan — 2003-01-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dry oak leaves on some clinical, haemotological and biochemical parameters in cattle. In the study. 3-6 years aged crossbred cows breeding in the family administrations of Gözeli and Çortunlu villages in Elazığ province, allocating 30 cows in the group offered dry oak leaves (Quercus infectoria and Quercus brantii) (experimental group) and 10 cows in the group offered no dry oak leaves (control group) were used. Dry oak leaves were offered 2 kg daily for each cow mixing with straw. Systematic clinical examinations and laboratory analysis were made for all Ihe cattle. Ruminal fluid examinations (pH. total number of infusoria, CI' concentration), haematological examinations (haematocrit values, amount of haemoglobin, total leucocyte counts and total erythrocytes counts) and biochemical examinations (serum K\ Na', Ct% Ca+*, inorganic P, Zn, Fe, creatinine, BUN and total protein) were perfoimed. All the parameters were found to be generally within the normal range as reported for cattle. However, in clinical and haemotological examinations, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was found in ruminal motility, total infusoria number, hematocrit values, amount of hemoglobin and total erythrocytes counts in expenmental group. In biochemical analysis, a significant increase (p<0.05) in K+, inorganic P, total protein, creatinine and BUN values, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in Ca+-value, an insignificant decrease (p>0.05) in Fe and Zn values were found in experimental group. In conclusion, clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters were determined to be in physiological limits in cattle by offering dry oak leaves at these amounts.

Nutrient Contents and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Grass Hay in Kars District

İsmail Kaya, Ahmet Öncüer, Sedat Yıldız — 2003-01-01

In this study, dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of hay samples collected from 5 different regions of Kars distnct (Kars, Susuz. Arpaçay, Akyaka, Diğor) were determined. Their degradability characteristics and effective degradabilities were assessed for DM. OM, CP and CF by incubation in the rumen for 4, 8, 16. 24 and 48 h. Average DM. ash, CP. CF, EE and NDF in the hay samples were 90 49. 8.82, 10.56, 34.07, 2.24 and 65,28 %, respectively Rumen degradabilities of DM, OM, CP and CF were 71.50, 71.64, 76.55, 63.96 %, respectively for 48 h. and their effective degradabilities were 62.40, 62.06, 67,78, 52.94 % (k=0.02/ h) respectively. In conclusion, in terms ol their nutritional values and degradability characteristics in the rumen, hay samples produced in Kars district were in medium quality.

The Profile of Veterinary Medicine in the Light of Socio-cultural Variations: L Class Consciousness and job Satisfaction

Abdullah Özen, Burhan Kemal Ateş — 2003-01-01

This study was conducted to draw the profile of veterinary medicine in the light of socio-cullural variations and m parallel of occupational sociological assumptions, and to determine the susceptibility of veterinarians to class consciousness and job satisfaction, A questionnaire survey was applied on 94 veterinarians working in vanous sectors in 22 provinces, most of which were located in the East and Southeast of the country. According to the resuIIs of Ihe survey, veterinarians, in general, felt that Ihey belonged to lower or middle classes in the society and they were unsatisfactory in job-life.

The Profile of Veterinary Medicine in the Light of Socio-cultural Variations: 11. Occupational Organizations

Abdullah Özen, Burhan Kemal Ateş — 2003-01-01

The aim of this study was to reveal the susceptibility of veterinarians on occupational organizations. A questionnaire survey was applied on 94 veterinarians working in various sectors in 22 provinces, most of which were located in the East and Southeast of the country. The results of the survey showed that veterinarians were organized in low proportions; the occupational organizations did not meet their expectations and they did not participate in the meeting of the Turkish Veterinary Medical Association. It was therefore concluded that veterinarians were not sensitive or. more importantly, conscious about occupational organizations.

The Effect of Quality and the Use of Hot Smoking on the Development of Pastrami Production Tecniques

Ümit Gürbüz, Yusuf Doğruer, Suzan Yalçın, Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu, Ahmet Güner — 2003-01-01

This research was carried out the determine the effects of post salting and çemenleme on the physochemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of the pastrami subjected to hot smoking during different phases of traditional product ion. The meat to make pastrami was divided in to 4 groups,The part of first group meats were produced domestical construct on method. The 2, 3 and 4 groups were subjected to the traditional, after çemenleme. post salting and after sal-ling and çemenleme combined with hot smoking (54±34 C for 3 hrs), respectively. No differences were observed for the humidity. dry matter, salt, pH and aw values ol the meat samples among the groups belore the production prior to salting. Significant differences were observed after salting regarding the parameters tested except pH among the groups. There were significant differences for all parameters in the post çemenleme groups. Significant differences were observed regarding the numbers ol yeast and mold before salting, coliforms. Staphylococcus-micrococcus, and Lactobacillus after salting, and lotal mezophil aerob. Staphylococcus-micrococcus. Lactobacillus, and yeast and mold microorganisms after çemenleme. Group 4 (post salting and çemenleme combined with hot smoking) had reduced numbers of microorganisms compared to other groups. On the other hand organoleplic properties relieved no differences among the groups. It was concluded that the pastrami produced through post salting and çemenleme with hot smoking could be regarded superior as far as reduced microorganism count compared to other groups and further research is needed to prove the eflicacy ol the hot smoking.

Milk Yield Characteristics of Karakaş-Akkaraman Ewes in Extensive Conditions

Orhan Yılmaz, Hüseyin Denk, Mikail Arslan — 2003-01-01

This study was carried out to investigate milk yield characteristics ol Karakaş- Akkaraman ewes in extensive conditions. The study has been conducted on 70 Karakaş-Akkaraman ewes in Edremit. Van . Lactation milk yield, lactation milk fat percentage and lactation length in Karakaş-Akkaraman ewes were 50.50 kg. 6.60 % and 144.90 days, respectively. The effects of birth type and age on lactation milk yield were significant (P<0.05, P<0.001). but the effect of live weights of ewes at the initiation ol lactation was not significant, the effect of age on lactation length was significant (P<0.01), but the effects ol birth type and live weights of ewes at the initiation of lactation were not significant furthermore, the effects of birth type, age and live weights of ewes at the initiation of lactation on lactation milk lat percentage were not significant. The le-notypic correlation coefficient between lactation milk yield and lactation length which was found 0.90 (P<0,001), the le-notypic correlation coefficient between lactation milk yield and lactation milk fat percentage which was found - 0 46 (p<0.001).

Investigation of Effects Chloramphenicol on Bovine Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes (PMNL) Functions In vitro and In vivo

Ahmet Levent Baş, Ömer Demet — 2003-01-01

In this study, effects ot chloramphenicol on phagocytosis and intracellular killing acllvity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) were investigated. This study was performed in vitro and in vivo conditions. Nine Holstein-Fresians cows (8-13 months' ages) were used. Chloramphenicol were tested at 4000, 1000 and 10 ^ig/ml ol incubation mixtures. Chloramphenicol had no effect on PMNL functions at 1000 and 10 pg/ml concentrations. However, chloramphenicol caused significant increase in intracellular number of live C. albicans on per PMNL at the intermediate dose The activities of PMNLs were also depressed by chloramphenicol at the highest dose. In vivo studies, at 12 hours intervals, each cow were treated by intramuscularly administration with chloramphenicol at recommended dose (10mg/kg bw) lor 5 days. Blood samples were collected at 2.5hr after first injection. A significant reduction in the percentage of phagocytosis and intracellular killing activity was observed beginning of the first day.

Serum Apolipoproiein B-100 Concentrations in Periparturienl Diseases of Dairy Cows

Turan Civelek, Mutlu Sevinç — 2003-01-01

The purpose ol this study was to examined the changes ol serum apolıpoproteın B-100 concentrations and to evaluate Ihe liver I unction in penparturienl diseases for dairy cows. In this study. 9 healthy and 36 diseased (18 abomasum displacement, 9 primary kelosis and 9 reiensio secundrnarum), totaly 45 dairy cows were used. Serum concent rations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, tola! pıoteın. albumin, AST, GGT and HDL were measured enzimatically. VLDL and LDL were calculated by formula. And also Ihe concentrations ol serum apolıpoprotein B-100 were assayed by single radial im-munodilkısıon method Hepatic biopsy samples were obtained Irorn liver under local anesthesia with percutaneous biopsy needle In this research, it was concluded lhat serum HDL, LDL. VLDL. total cholesterol, triglyceride (p=0 001) and total protein (p=0.002) also albumin (p=0 028) levels were slgnilicanlly decreased, and AST (p=0.001), GGT (p=0.012) and total bilirubin (p=0.005l levels significantly increased in cows wilh abornasai displacement compared to healthy cows. The liver biopsies from cows wilh abomasal displacement had %43.27+3.l7 (severe fally liver) lat mlillration. In pnmary ketosis fjioup scrum HDL LDL. VLDL. total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucoso (p=0.00l) and total proiem (p=0.003) a;so albumin tp=0 009) levels were significantly decreased, however AST, GGT and total bilirubin (p=0.001 i significantly increased compared lo healthy cows. The liver biopsies from cows with pnmary kelosis had %48.89±8 09 (severe fatty liver) (at migration. In cows with retained placenla compared lo healthy cows serum HDL. LDL, VLDL, total cholesterol, tnglycoride (p=0.001) and glucose (p=0.002) also total protein (p=0.005) levels were signilicantly decreased, but AST (p=0.002) slgnilicanlly increased. The liver biopsies Irom cows wilh retained placenta had %36.89±7.75 (moderate fatty liver) fal infiltration. Also sorum apo B-100 conconlralions were signilicantly decreased in cows with displaced abomasum (p=0.001). primary ketosis (p=0.006) and retained placenta (p=0.016) compared to healthy cows Our resulls indicated mat apo 8-100 is an useful indicator lor diagnosis and evaluation ot penpartunenı diseases in dairy cows Individual changes in apo B-100 concentrations should be interpreted carelully like the other parameters.

The investigation of Marek Disease, Lenfoid Leucosis and Reticuloendotheliosis by ELISA and histopathologic methods in chickens in Konya Province

2003-01-01

There are three virus-caused neoplastic diseases with known etiology in poultry, Marek disease (MO). Lenfoid Leucosis (LL) and reticuloentdotheliosis (RE), Of these, MD is characterized by malign T cell transformation while LL comprises a variety of transmissible benign and malign neoplasms of different organs. RE is also characterized by lymphomas. The animal material of the study was determined by a questionaire work. A number of 540 blood/sera and 15 organ samples (liver, lien, kidney, bursa Fabricius, pancreas, lungs, glandular stomach and gizzard, Nervus ischiadicus, skin, brain and cerebellum) were collected from commercial and parent stock flocks located in the Konya Region. In this study, some epidemiological data were calculated following analysis of blood and serum samples by serological and histo pat ho logical techniques, There was statistically correlation between the histopathologic examination and ELISA (p<0,05). Anti-MHV antibodies were measured in 56 serum samples by ELISA. Only one serum sample was detected to show anti-LLV antibody. The epidemiological figures raised from this study were as follows: prevalance of the MD and LL were 10 % and 0.2 %, respectively. No findings were observed regarding RE infection in this study.

A Macroscopical Investigation on the Tongue Nerves in the Van Cat

Zekeriya Özüdoğru, Gürsoy Aksoy, Hüseyin Karadağ — 2003-01-01

This study was performed lo determine the cranial nerves stimulating the tongue in the Van cat. For this purpose. adull four female and four male cats were used. Innervation of the tongue was derived from the lingual, glossopharyngeal. hypoglossal nerves and the cord ol the tympanum. The lingual nerve sprang from the mandibular nerve along with the alveolar inferior nerve. The lingual nerve received Ihe cord ol the tympanum after coursing 0,5 cm in the medial pterygoid muscle, and supplied the cranial two-third of the tongue. The glossopharyngeal nerve arose from the medulla oblongata into three and four trunks, and terminated at the caudal third of the tongue after leaving the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen along wilh the vagus and accessory nerves. The hypoglossal nerve diffused the muscles of the tongue by coursing together with the lingual artery after leaving the cranial cavity from the hypoglossal canal. The digastric and stylohyoid branches originating Irom the facial nerve ran the digastnc and stylohyoid muscles, respectively.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Infection in Turkeys

H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Osman Erganiş, Kürşat Kav — 2003-01-01

Mortality, swollen face and oculer tissue, bristled up feathers and some decrease on the consumption of drinking water and feed were observed in turkeys brought from two different flocks (a number 1500 aged 55 days and 800 aged 16 days). Rates of serum positive 40 % (aged 16 days) and 70 % (aged 55 days) were determined by rapid agglutination test from the samples collected from two flocks. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was isolated from the samples collected from alungandanair sacs of a turkey aged 55 days. The O. rhinotracheale strain was found to be susceptible to amoxcilline and combinations of amoxicilline+clavulonic acid and kanamisin+cephalexin. This is the first report on the presence of O. rhinotracheale infection in turkeys from Turkey.

Blood Supply to the Linguae of the Anatolian Buffaloes

Vural Özdemır, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2003-01-01

The aim of this study ıs to investigate macroscopically blood supply to the linguae ol Anatolian buffaloes. A total of 8 buffalo heads were used. It was observed that the main vessel ol linguae is lingual artery, and this artery ramified rr. perihyoidei, a. sublingualis, a. profunda linguae and rr. dorsales linguae.