Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2000; 16(2)

Chicken Salami Production By Adding Beef

Abdullah Keleş, Mustafa Atasever, Ahmet Güner, Gürkan Uçar — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to determine the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of chicken salami produced by adding different proportions [0 (control), 10, 20 and 30 %] ol beel. Experimental production was repeated three times. Physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the samples were not differed significantly among the study. In sensory examinations, the samples of beef containing are more preferred than the chicken samples. As a result, it was concluded that 20 % and 30 % of beef addition to chicken meat in the production of salami made good effects on the sensory properties of the samples. So chicken salami consumption can be increased by adding beef in the production.

The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Turkeys (Meleagris yallopavo)

Ferda Sevinç, Feyzullah Güçlü, Mehmet Yaman, Funda Altınöz — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out on domestic turkeys in Central villages of Konya between August 1996-December 1999. Macroscopic examination of whole gastrointestinal system oi 40 turkeys and microscopic examination ol the fecal samples of 450 turkeys were performed. Various parasite species were determined in 52.5 % of turkeys. Eımena sp., Heterakis gallinarum. Subulura differens, Echinostoma revolutum, Ascaridia galli were respectively detected at the rate of 37.5 %, 15 %, 7.5 %, 5 %, 2.5 %, in the macroscopic examination ol gastrointestinal system. The fecal samples were examined by the Fulleborne's salt saturated flotation and Benedek sedimentation methods, and in 111 (24.66 %) ol tecal samples were found to be parasitised. Eimeria sp. oocysts. Capıllarıa sp., As-candia sp., Choanotaenia mfundibulum, Trichostrongylus tenuis and Heterakis gallinarum eggs were respectively detected at the rate of 12.88 %, 7,11 %, 6.44 %, 1.55 %, 1.33 %. 0,08 %in the microscopic examination of lecal samples.

The Effects of First Mating Age on Average Litter Size at Birth and Weaning in Rats

Ahmet Nazlıgül — 2000-12-01

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effect of the lirst mating age on the average litter size at birth and weaning of rats. Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. The ages of animais in the time of first mating were 10 weeks for the first group and 14 weeks for the second group. The experiment was carried out for one year and only the first five births were taken into consideration. Average litter size at birth were 9.42 and 9.45 , and average Sitter size at weaning were 8.41 and 7.95 for the groups, respectively. It was concluded that the first mating age of the rats could be earlier than 2.5 months of age under good management conditions.

The Determination of the Selenium Levels in the Blood and Tissues of Mice Given Selenium

İbrahim Pirinçci, Ahmet Ateşşahin, İzzet Karahan, İrfan Demirbaş — 2000-12-01

In this study, the selenium levels in the blood and tissue samples of mice experimentally poisoned with selenium were investigated. In the investigation, 210 mice were used. The blood and tissue samples were taken at 5, 10, 15, 30th min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72th hours following the intraperitoneal administration of selenium at the doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg. Similarly, the blood and tissue samples were taken at 30. 60 and 90th days following the oral administration ol selenium at doses of 0.5, 3 and 10 ppm. The selenium levels in the samples were spect-rophotometrically measured at 420 nm. In conclusion, the selenium levels were determined to increase depending on time and dose in mice treated with selenium orally. Whereas, when it was intraperitoneal^ given, the selenium levels were defined to reach to the maximum levels in blood at 10 and 30th min; in liver at 30th min and 2 nd hours; in kidney at 1st hour; in spleen at 15 and 30th min; in heart at 10 and 15th min; in muscle at 24 and 8th hours according to doses, respectively. Afterwards, the selenium levels were established to decrease, gradually.

Experimental Studies on the Treatment of Selenium Poisoning in Sheep

İbrahim Pirinçci, Ahmet Ateşşahin, İzzet Karahan — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to compare the sole and combine effects of cysteine, methionine, cobalt chloride, sodium thiosulphate and sodium nitrite used in the treatment of sheep poisoned with selenium. In the investigation, the changes occurred in the levels of selenium in the blood samples were determined. In the experiments, 66 sheep, at the age of approximately two years were used. The animals on which the experiments were made were fasted from 5.00 pm a day ago to the complement of experimental the next day. Thus, selenium contamination due to feed and water as prevented. Selenium was intramuscularly given at the dose of 0.6 mg/kg. Cysteine, methionine, cobalt chloride, sodium thiosulphate and sodium nitrite were given 30th min before the intravenous selenium administration. Cysteine, methionine, cobalt cloride, sodium thiosulphate and sodium nitrite decreased the levels of selenium in the blood from 2.63 ppm to 1.82, 1.76, 2.14, 1.70 and 2.03 ppm in 30th min, respectively. On the other hand, cysteine+methionine, cysteine+cobalt chloride, methionine+cobalt chloride, cysteine+methionine+cobalt chloride and sodium thiosulphate+sodium nitrite decreased the levels of selenium in the blood from 2.63 ppm to 1.21, 1,21, 1.68, 1.24 and 1.79 ppm in 30thmin, respectively. In conclusion, cysteine+methionine +cobalt cloride and other combinations used in the treatment of selenium poisoning were found to be more effective than cysteine, methionine, cobalt cloride, sodium, thiosulphate and nitrite.

The Determination of Some Biochemical Parameters in Rats Treated with Different Doses of Indomethacin

İzzet Karahan, İbrahim Pirinçci, Bülent Elitok, Ahmet Ateşşahin — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the changes occurring in the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatin phosphokinase (CPK), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG). glucose (GL) and osmolality (OSM) in rats given wilh three different doses of indomethacin. As materials, eighty-four rats were used. Indomethacin was given intramuscularly at the doses of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg. The blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4. 8, 12 and 24th hours. These samples were analysed for the biochemical parameters. In conclusion, it was determined that indomethacin increased the levels of AST, ALT. GGT. ALP. LDH, CPK, SDH, TB, DB, GL and OSM in serum of rats experimentally given the different doses of indomethacin. In contrast, indomethacin was established to decrease the levels of TP, ALB and TG in serum of rats.

Macroanatomic Investigations on the Trigeminal Nerve in Holstein Cattle

Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Emruüah Eken, Kamil Beşoluk — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the origin, course and innervation area of the trigeminal nerve in Hoistein cattle. For this purpose, it was used eight of Holstein Cattle ensured from Konya slaughterhouses. The materials were dissected after fixed in formaldehyde solution 10%. It was determined that the trigeminal nerve reached the trigeminal ganglion into the two roots after arising from the pons, then, gave the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve and mandibular nerve. These branches of Ihe trigeminal nerye were detected to be left the cranial cavity through the different opening, then, ended by reaching the concerned innervation parts.

Macroanatomic Investigations on (he Innervation of the Tongue in Holstein Cattle

Kamil Beşoluk, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Emrullan Eken — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the origines, courses and innervation areas of the cranial nerves innervating the tongue in Holstein cattle. For this purpose, as a material, it was used the eight ol Holstein cattle ensured (rom Konya slaughterhouses. The materials were dissected after fixed In formaldehit solution 10%: It was detected that the involved nerves left the cranial cavity through the different opening after steming from the different regions ol the brain, then, ended by reaching the concerned innervation parts. The lingual nerve terminated in the rostral two thirds of the tongue. The chorda tympani joined to the lingual nerve after leaving the petrotympanic fissure. The glossopharyngeal nerve stemmed from the medulla oblongata, then, dispersed in the caudal one third of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve scattered in the tongue muscles after arising from the medulla oblongata.

Macroanatomic Investigations on the Innervation of the Eye in Holstein Cattle

Emrullah Eken, Kamil Beşoluk, Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the origines, courses and innervation areas of the cranial nerves innervating the eye in Holstein cattle. For this purpose, it was used the eight of Holstein cattle ensured from Konya slaughterhouses. The materials were dissected after fixed in formaldehit solution 10 %. It was detected that the involved nerves left the cranial cavity through the different opening after sleming from the different regions ol the brain, then, ended by reaching the concerned innervation parts. The optic nerve left the cranial cavity via the optic canal alter arising Irom the optic chiasma, then, scattered in the retina by going through the optic papilla. The oculomotor nerve went out of the cranial cavity through the foramen orbitorotundum after steming from the crural cerebri and divided into the dorsal and ventral branches. The trochlear nerve left the cranial cavity via the foramen orbitorotundum after originating from the caudal coliculus and terminated in the caudal third of the dorsal obliquus muscle. The ab-ducens nerve exited the cranial cavity through the foramen orbitorotundum by emerging from the medulla oblongata, after I ha I, scattered in the rectus lateralis and retractor muscles.

The Pathology of Kidney Abnormalities in Caltle Slaughtered at Konya Slaughterhouses

Zabit Yener, Hudaverdi Erer — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the incidence and pathology ot kidney abnormalities m the cattle slaughtered at Konya Meat Combine and Konet Slaughterhouse. For this purpose, the kidneys of 3643 cattle irom different breed and sources were examined. Some pathological changes were observed in 237 cases (6.5%). infarcts were found in 4 cases (1,68%). These cases were classified as hemorrhagic (no: 2). anemic (no: 1) and septic (no: I) Diffuse amyloidosis was seen in 5 cases (2.1%). In 3 cases, amiloid deposition was only located in the medulla. In the other 2 cases amyloid deposition was located in the cortex and medulla. Glomerulonephritis was found in 14 cases (5,9%) and all of these were mesangioproliterative glomerulonephritis. Hemosiderosis was detected in 23 cases (9.7%) The kidneys were light-to-dark brown in color. Haemoglobin uric nephrosis characterized as blackish brown color kidneys was observed in 3 cases (1.26%). During microscopic examinations, calcification was found in 60 cases (25.3%). Interstitial nephritis was detected in 196 cases (82.7%). In 173 cases (72.99) of these nonpurulent interstitial nephritis was observed. This nephritis was classified as focal nonpurulent in 146 (61.6%) and diffuse nonpurulent in 27 cases (11.39%). Purulent interstitial nephritis was detected in 18 cases (7.59%) and classified as; dif fuse purulent m 2 (0.89%) and pyelonephritis in 16 cases (6.75%). Tuberculosis (granulomatous nephritis j was observed in 5 cases (2.1%). It was found as caseous in 1 and chronic miliary tuberculosis in 4 cases. Hydronephrosis was observed in 24 cases (10.12%). Nephrolithiasis was detected in 74 cases (31.22%) In these cases, nephrolithiasis was accompanied with diffuse nonpurulent interstitial nephritis, focal nonpurulent interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis in 26, 27, 14 and 7 cases, respectively.

The Prevalence of Sarcocystis species in Sheep

Ferda Sevinç, Funda Altınöz, Uğur Uslu, Osman Selçuk Aldemir — 2000-12-01

A total of 511 sheep brought to Konet Abattoir in Konya were examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. using macroscopic and microscopic methods for detection from January to April 2000. Macroscopic cysts ranging from 2 to 257 cysts per oesophageal muscle were found in 19,76 % of the sheep. Microscopic cysts were found in 92.95 % of the sheep with the use ol tripsin method. Three types of microscopic cysts were detected with differences in their cyst walls morphologicalty. These microscopic cyst species were S.ovicanis. s ovıielis. S.arieticanis.

Embryonic Development of Chicken Thymus and Effects of Hydrocortisone Acetate on the Organ at Post Hatching Period

Mustafa Sandıkçı, İlhami Çelik — 2000-12-01

In this study, embryonic development of the chicken thymus were investigated light microscopically. Normal involulive changes occured at post hacthing period and effects of hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) treatment on this lymphoid organ were also determined. As materials, 80 fertilized eggs from Avian Bred and tissue samples taken from 200 chickens from the same strain were used. On the 6th day of incubation, a number of large and dark basophilic cells were observed in the organ primordium, and on the 8th day these cells have formed acumulations. On the 10th day, the thymic tissue has become lobulated. On the day 12, interlobular the connective tissue has thickened and in the central region of lobuli the vaskularization has increased. On the day 13, a difference between cortical and medullar regions was appearent. In this period, both large and small lymphocytes were observed in both cortical and medullar region, and reticular cells have accumulated in the medullar region. There after 13lh day of incubation, a number ol ANAE-positive lymphocytes were observed in the medullar region. On the day 15, medullary cysts located miercellularly were observed in the reticular cell accumulations, and both their numbers and sizes increased gradually at the lollowing periods. During the poslhatching period, on the 2nd day following HCA treatment, a relative decrease in cortical thickness of thymus and a striking increase in the number of medullar cysts were observed. Four days after HCA treatment, the cortical region has almost disappeared, and in some of the sections most of the cortical lymphocytes had pyknotic nuclei. Interlobar and interlobular connective tissue septae have thickened, the cysts have enlarged and their numbers were increased. Degenerated reticular cells and their groups have also formed large accumulations. Involutive changes continued gradually also in the following periods of the experiment.

A Taxonomical Study on Electrophoretic Pattern of Blood Serum Protein of Some Fish of Karakaya Dam Lake

Muhittin Yılmaz, Yusuf Türköz, A. Ümit Erdemli, Ercan Kalkan, Yılmaz Çİğremiş — 2000-12-01

In this study, an electrophoretic comparison of serum blood proteins of two species of fish, Capoeta trutta and Capoeia capoeta umbla, were carried out. Study was carried between june and october in 1997. Using the Random Sampling Method, 92 C. capoeta umbla and 86 C. trutta which the same age and sex were used. The iden-dification of species and subspecies were done though their metric and meristic characteristics. While 16 band pattern was observed in C. trutta, the number of protein bands lor C. capoeta umbla was 11. From the electrophoretic mobility 8 bands of species gave similar pattern, but the rest was seen to be different. As a result, we concluded that, there is a %50 similarity between C. trutta and C. capoeta umbla based on their serum blood proteins.

Macroanatomical and subgross studies on the brachial plexus of the Akkaraman sheep

Memduh Gezici — 2000-12-01

In this study, the formation and distribution of the brachial plexus were investigated in Akkaraman sheep, for this purpose, eight Akkaraman sheep in different ages and sex were used. It was observed that the brachial plexus in the Akkaraman sheep was formed by the ventral branches of the sixth, seventh, eight cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves. It was seen that there wasn't a significant difference in the courses and distributions of the nerves arising Irom the brachial plexus in Akkaraman sheep and other sheep.

Using of Chicken and Turkey Meat in Salami Production

Mustafa Atasever, Abdullah Keleş, Ahmet Güner, K.Kaan Tekinşen — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to determine salami production Irom turkey and chicken meats. These poultry meals were mixed in different ratios in production and physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of the products were examined. Samples were different in emulsion stability, moisture, pH value and fat contents. There were no differences in microbiological analyses. In sensory evaluations, samples produced from turkey meal were obtained low scores than other groups. Chicken salami was more preferred amoung the groups. It is concluded that turkey meat could be combined with chicken meat in salami production in a portion of 50 %.

A Study on the Relationships Between Some Linear Type Traits and Mastitis in Brown-Swiss Cows

İbrahim Şeker, Ali Rişvanlı, Metin Bayraktar, Selim Kul, Erdal Kaygusuzoğlu — 2000-12-01

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between some linear type traits and mastitis in Brown-Swiss at a dairy (arm in Malatya. Fifty four Brown-Swiss cows at the age of 2 to 8 were included in the study. In the study, front teat placement, front teat lenght, front udder attachment, udder depth, rear udder attachment, suspensory ligament and rear legs (side view) were considered as linear type traits. Furthermore, an overall milking features were evaluated as the final score. The results show that incidence ol mastitis was increased in Brown-Swiss with high udder depth. The rest of the udder traits were not significant factors in relation to mastitis incidence. Additionally, the parameters such as rear legs and final score did not significantly influence the mastitis incidence. A higher incidence of mastitis was noticed in animal with high score of front teat length but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, it might be stated that in selection and breeding of dairy cows, udder depth can be taken into consideration.

The Effects of Different Supplementation of Tallow and Sunflower Oils into Diets on Performance of Broiler Chickens

Tahir Balevi, Behiç Coşkun, Varol Kurtoğlu, Derya Umucalılar — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of sunflower oil and taltow or their different combinations on the growth performance and mortalite in broiler rations. A total of 560 chicks were divided into (our groups each containing 140 animals. The ratios of the groups were added 4.5 % sunflower oil, 0.45 % sunflower oil + 4.05 % tallow. 0.9 % sunflower oil + 3,6 % tallow and 4.5 % tallow. The trial was lasted in 42 days. At the end of fhe experiment, body weights were 1718.52 1828.50, 1771.15 and 1816.38 g (PcO.05). Feed consumption of the groups were 69.93. 74.74, 73.43 and 76.01 g; feed conversion 1.75, 1.75, 1,78 and 1.80 kg, respectively, Mortalite were detected to be as 2 14. 1.42, 2.14 and 2,85 %, respectively. In conclusion, the tallow can be replaced with sunflower oil in broiler ratios. To add sunflower oil to taltow in to % quantity could effect performance in a positive manner while no negative elfect on mortality by adding 10 % sunflower oil was observed.

Effect of Protein Coated with Protected Fat on Degradation of Feeds in Rumen

Nurettin Gülşen, Fatma İnal — 2000-12-01

In (his study the eflects of oils and protein coated with Ca soaps on degradation of feeds were investigated using one year old, three female Akkaraman lambs with rumen fistule. Effects ol crude sunflower oil (HV), acidulated oil refined from crude sunflower oil (AY) and protein coated with Ca soaps prepared from these fat sources (PKHY. PKAY) which are at level ol 8 % in concentrate feed were determined on degradation of wheat straw, barley, and soybean meal in rumen. Dry matter degradation of soybean meal at the periods of incubation 2, 4 and 24 hours was not significant among groups (P>0.05); however, the degradation with 8 hours period was found 47.10, 52.21, 53,78, 55.77, 51.91% respectively in control, HY, PKHY, AY, PKAY groups (P<0.05). The degradation of barley was found lower in control group than other groups at 2 hours incubation (P<0.05). The degradation level with 8 hours incubation was determined 71.32, 78.39, 75.65, 77.42, 78.97 % respectively There were important differences between control group and the other groups, and the differences between PKAY and PKHY groups were significant (P<0 05). It was determined that the degradation level of straw was very high particularly during 48 hours in AY and HY groups including free fat; however, there were statically no differences among groups in three incubation periods (P>0.05). As a result, both crude and Ca treated oil fractions improved ruminal dry matter degradation of barley and SBM and did not effect wheat straw.

Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide as Buffers on In vitro Digestibility of Grains

Huzur Derya Umucalılar, Erdoğan Şeker — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out lo determine the effects of NaHC03 and MgO as buffers on some metabolic incidents under invitro rumen environment. It was determined that the effects of different ratios of sodium bicarbonate (0, 0.5. 1.0, 1.5%) and magnesium oxide {0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0%) on pH, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), ammonia nitrogen (NHg-N), buffer capacity (BC), gas production (GP) under the invitro rumen environment that added barley, wheat, corn and oat. The effects of buffers on metabolic energy (ME) of this feeds and digestibility organic matter (DOM) values were also examined. It was found that the differences between pH. BC. GP, ME and DOM values of barley, wheat, corn and oat were significant (P<0.05) but the difference between TVFA and NH3-N values were not significant (P>0.05). In this study NaHC03and MgO supplementation affected differently on the pH. TVFA, NH3-N. BC and GP. While MgO supplementation increased the values of pH, BC and GP. NaHC03 supplementation increased the values of NH3-N significantly (P<0.05). The both of the buffers did not have significant (P>0.05) effects on the values of TVFA. Using the buffers in different ratios changes the values of pH and GP significantly (P<0.05), but they didn't affect the values of TVFA, NH3-N and BC. The incubation time affected the values of examined criterias significantly.

The Using Possibility of Full Fat Sunflower Seed in Japanese Quail Diets

Cavit Arslan, Fatma İnal, Mustafa Garip — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to determine to tull fat sunflower seed supplementation in Japanese quail diets 0, 10, 20 and 30 % on growth performance, carcass characteristic, egg production and quality, hatchery traits. The research was conducted two experiment. In experiment I, totally 224 (one day old) quail were used. Quails were fed containing 0, 10, 20 and 30 % with full fat sunflower seed in ration during 6 weeks. Live weight in groups were found 164.22. 170.60, 169.57 and 175.72 g (p>0.05) carcass weight 115.09. 116.32, 115.94 and 114.06 g respectively (P>0.05). In experiment II. totally 120 (45 days old) quail were used. 0, 10. 20 and 30 % full fat sunllower seed added ration. At the end of the 15 weeks ol research, there were no significant differences between control and experiment groups about egg production. Feed intake in groups were lound 24.56, 24.41, 24.40, 24.46 g. There weren't significant differences between groups respects of fertility, hatchery, hatchability of fertilizing eggs and, late embryonic died (P>0.05). Based in this study, it was concluded that in fattening and breeding quail rations 10, 20 and, 30 % level sunllower seed can addition without any adverse effect on performance.

The Growth Traits of Konya Merino Lambs Horn in Different Seasons

Alper Yılmaz, Ali Akmaz — 2000-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different seasons on growth performance of Konya Merino Lambs born March-April 1997 (control group of 80 heads) and December 1996-January 1997 (experimental group ol 63 heads) in Animal Research Institute in Konya. At birth, 1^st , 2^nd , 3^rd , 4^th , 5^th and 6 months of age, the lambs' weight were found as, 4.20, 10.11, 16.03, 22.13. 26.24, 29.59 and 32.58 kg in the control group and 4,23, 10.64, 17.26. 19.74, 23.03. 26,58 and 30,34 kg in the experimental group respectively. From the data obtained in this research, it was lound out that the seasonal effect on the lambs' growth trails was important at all stages of growth except lor that of birth weight. The effects of the litter size and sex on live weight were significant at birth, 1^st and 2^nd months of age. at the other stages of growth there was not. The effect of the mother age was important at only birth weight.

Effect of Early Lighting Stimulation on Egg Production Performance on Laying Hens

Kaan M, Işcan, Şeref İnal, Seval Apaydın — 2000-12-01

In (his study, 578 brown hybrid chicks ( Hisex brown) were used to increase egg production per bird and to bring the birds to early sexual maturation by different lighting programs. Ten-hour lighting program was performed until the 14^th week At the 15 ^th ıweek, 228 chicks were transported to the cages and 18 hours light was supplied (E.L). The other 228 birds reared on the floor receiving 10 hours light until 17^th week and at 18^th and 19^th weeks 14 hours light and then at 20^th week of age they were also transported to the cages and they received 18 hours light together with the other group (L.L). Egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, live weight and Ihe number of deformed egg was determined in both groups. Monthly egg production rates of E.L. and L.L. groups were determined as 83,21 ±1.27 % and 68.054 ±1.37 from the 20 weeks of egg respectively in the E.L group the increase in egg production continued in the later periods, but the increase was not significant there was no significant differences between the groups in respect to live weight, egg weight, mortality and feed consumption. In conclusion , early lighting program in layers, without no detrimental effects due to starling early egg production resulted in a slight increase in egg production during the 12 months laying period.