Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1999; 15(2)

DÜZELTME

1999-04-01

The Effects of the Varying Filling Degrees of the Stomach on the Topographies of the Small Intestine in Cat

Memduh Gezici — 1999-04-01

The purpose of this study was determined the effect of the varying degrees of fullness of the stomach on the topographies of the small intestine in cat; with this aim twenty-four adult cats of different sex and age were used as a material, cats were divided into 3 groups, of which, group 1 had empty, group 2 had halt filled and group 3 had maximum filled stomach, the small intestine were dissected and abdominal cavity was cross sectioned longitudinally and transversally. This investigation is different from that of Deniz and Klesty in that the longitudinal and transversal cross sectiones of the abdominal cavity were done after the materials were deep freezed: the topographies of the small intestine and their relations with the other organs were determined; following dissection the photographes ol the mentioned organs were taken; it was detected that the dudenum and jejunum shifted approximately in Ihree lumbar vertebrae length, ileum in two lumbar vertebrae length caudalty according to the fullness degrees of the stomach in the cat. Furthermore, jejunum was observed to be shifted backward, upward and rightward in the abdominal cavity.

The Distribution of the Celiac Artery in Türk i sh Sheepherd Dog

Memduh Gezici, Nejdet Dursun — 1999-04-01

This study was carried out to investigate the arterial vascularization of the celiac artery in Turkish she-epherd dog. As a material, fourteen adult dogs were used. It was detecled that the celiac artery supplied the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, as well partially duodenum by injecting the coloured latex througt the mentioned artery.

Anatomy der Tarsalischen und Metatarsalischen Sehnen der M.extensor digitorum longus und peroneus-Muskeln (Mm. peronei) bei Hasen

Mehmet Çakır — 1999-04-01

Zusammenfassung: Die langen extensor der Zehen und extensorische muskeln von Art, larsi wurden im groben durchgeschnitten. Die origo und insertıo-Zehnen dieser muskeln wurden gefunden. Debei sıellte sictı heraus, dass Peroneus (Mm. peronei) in der Tat nichl ein Komplex von drei verschidenen Muskeln ist. Ausserdem wurde gezeigt. dass der sich longitudinal ausstregende M. peroneus longus-Muskel im Grunde genommen nicht aut Metatarsus II endet. Dabei wurde demostiert, dass bet in dieser Abhandlung verwendeten Hasen. Der M. peroneus tertius-Muskel eınen süperficialer zweig von M. extensor digitorum bildet.

Macroanatomic Studies on the Cervical Canal of Akkaraman Ewe

Memduh Gezici, Emrullah Eken, Cengiz Yıldız, Abdullah Kaya — 1999-04-01

In this study, the cervical canal of the uterus in Akkaraman ewe was macroanatomically investigated. Because that the uterine cervix causes important degree of failure in artificial insemination of Akkaraman ewe and in other species as well, (he study was focused on the circular folds of cervical. These studies were carried out as dissection of the cervix uteri, latex casting and their definition by photography. It was concluded that the efforts should be focused on designing of the artificial insemination devices fitting to gross anatomy of the uterine cervical canal in Akkaraman ewe.

The comparison of hislopalhological, immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques in the diagnosis of rabies in dogs

Sevil (Atalay) Vural — 1999-04-01

In the Study the tissues of 10 rabies suspected dogs obtained from Pendik and Ellik Velennary Control and Animal Diseases Research Institutes were used. The results are as lollows: The nonspecific Inflammatory reactions and degenerative changes delected by histopathologic meihod as regarding rabies were observed in the central nervous system. Gassenan ganglions and parotid glands (10 cases), adrenal glands (7 cases), and submandibular salivary glands (2 cases). The inclusion bodies were seen in the comu ammonis and cerebellum (8 cases), thalamus (3 cases), nucleus caudalus and colliculus rostralis (1 case), also in the Gasserian ganglion (2 cases). In ihe im-munoperoxidase staining meihod. extra and intra celluler rabies virus anligen ancfor the inclusion bodies were seen in central nervous system o/ all dogs and Gassenan ganglion's cell body (9 cases). In addition, ihey were identified in ganglion cell layer ol retina, submandibular salivary gland cells (2 cases), basal cells of cornea, epithelial cells ol parotid gland and duclus, Inlramural ganglion's cell body, kinocilium and nervous libers of trachea, principal cells of stomach, plexus of Intestine and mouth and nose, urinary bladder's epithelium, cells ol hair lollicule of ear and mouth skin, cells of nose mucosa, gland cells ol nose and mouth mucosa (1 case), and kromaffln cells ol adren (6 cases). In the immunofluorescence staining method. Ihe rabies virus anllgen was seen In central norvous system ol all cases, parotid gland cells and lis duel epithelial cells and hair lollicule cells of skin (1 case). Equally positive results were obtained from ihe avidln-biolin peroxidase and indireel immunofluorescence methods which have been used lor the firs! lime in the diagnosis ol rabies in lormalin lixed and parallin embedded tissues in Turkey. Sut the immunoperoxidase method appeared lo be more advaniageous lor use in pathology laboratories since this meihod permitted the usage ol high lllered sera as well as Ihe usage of mora simplified microscopes and the storage of stained slides for a long time.

The Effects of the Varying Filling Degrees of the Stomach on the Topographies of the Kidneys in Cat

Emrullah Eken, Memduh Gezici — 1999-04-01

The aim of the reported study was to investigate the effect of the varying degrees of fullness of the stomach on the topographies of the kidneys in cat: with this aim eighteen aduit cats of different sex and age were used as a material, cats were divided into 3 groups, of which, group 1 had empty, group 2 had half tilled and group 3 had maximum filled stomach, the kidneys were dissected and abdominal cavity was cross sectioned transversalfy. This investigation is different from that of Deniz and Klesty in that transversal cross sectiones of the abdominal cavity were done alter the materials were deep Ireezed; the topographies of the left and right kidneys, and their relations with the other organs were determined; following dissection the photographes of mentioned organs were taken: it was detected that the kidneys were retroperitoneally situated, yellow-red and bean shaped: generally, the right kidney was in front of the left one, but it was contrary to this stuation in one material, the kidneys were displaced aboul one vertebrae lenght in caudal, cranial and dorsal direction depending on the filling degrees ol the stomach, the left kindney was adjacent to the descendent colon and left pancreatic lobe ventromedially, the spleen cramally. the psoas muscles dorsally, the left ovary (in female) caudally, the right kidney was ad|acent to the caudal process and rigt lateral hepatic lobe craniatly, the psoas muscles dorsally, the beginning portion of descendent part of duodenum ventromedial^ and the right ovary caudally.

The Effect of the Varying Killing Degrees of the Stomach on the Structure and the Topography of Pancreas and Spleen in Cat

Memduh Gezici, Emrullah Eken, İsmail Türkmenoğlu — 1999-04-01

This study was carried out to investigate the eltect of the varying degrees of fullness of the stomach on the pancreas and spleen; twenty - four adult cats of different sex and age were used as a material, cats were divided into 3 groups, of which, group 1 had empty, group 2 had half filled and group 3 had maximum tilled stomach, the pancreas and spleen were dissected and abdominal cavity was cross sectioned longitudinally and transversally. This investigation is different from that of Deniz and Klesty in that transversal and longitudinal cross sections of the abdominal cavity were done after the materials were deep freezed: topography of Ihe pancreas and spleen, and their relations with other organs were determined: following dissection Ihe photographies of the mentioned organs were taken; the pancreas was dislocated caudally and cranially about one - three vertebrae lenght depending on the degree of fulness of the stomach; the spleen situated more cranially in the empty stomach compared lo that of in the maximally filled stomach and it was the # 1 organ to change its location and original shape as a result of the degrees of the fullness of the stomach; the extremitas dorsalis of the spleen was pushed caudally about one vertebrae lenght in the half filled stomach and located at the level of the second lumbar vertebrae and similar with the cow spleen.

The research on etfect of Sodium Hyaluronate for cartilage metabolism in dogs with experimental Osteoarthritis

Mustafa Arıcan, Cengiz Ceylan — 1999-04-01

The aim of this study was to determine the effects ol intra-articular Hyalovet ® 20 (Trans Bussan S A . Geneve, Suisse, hyaluronic acid) on experimental osteoarthntis in dogs. The anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee was cut by blind section in 6 adult dogs. Synovial fluids and sera were obtained under sterile condition before and after operation by needle aspiration. They were also collected after Hyalovet > 20 Ireatment within 15th days. The me! alio pro tein ases (MMP) activity was measured in synovial fluids by gelatine zymography. Glycosammoglycans and keratan sulphate has been measured in sera and synovial fluids. Hyaluronic acid provided good clinical benefits and an acceptable safely profile is current clinical practice.

Treatment and Radiologic Follow-up of Panosteitis in a German Shepherd Dog

Yılmaz Koç, Fahrettin Alkan, Fatih M. Birdane, Zeki Oğurtan — 1999-04-01

In this case report, clinical and radiologic follow-up of panosteitis was described in a German Shephard dog. The cause of panosteitis is unknown. Panosteitis occurs especially in young large or giant breeds of dogs. The diagnosis of panosteitis is confirmed through clinical, radiolagical and laboratuary findings. Flunixine meglumine were used to treat the disease.

Clinical and Histological Investigation ot' Large Hernial Defects Repaired with Skin Autograft in Sheep: An Experimental Study

1999-04-01

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the aplicability of autogenic skin graft in the treatment of large hernial defects in sheep. Total of 24 sheep used, were divided into 4 groups. Each groups had 6 sheep. Skin flaps, approximately 11 cm in diameter and 15 cm in length were removed over the umbilical area Consequently, hernial defect corresponding to the removed skin flap size, were created through the removal of abdominal musculuture and periton. Epidermal and dermal layers of skin flaps facing to the abdominal wall were placed in 3 sheep of each groups. Sheep were euthanized in 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, in groups 1. 2. 3 and 4, respectively. Following this, tissue samples were collected from different spots of autogen skin flaps and submitted for histologic evaluations. It was concluded thai skin autograft was superior to other hemioplasty materials because of the elasticity, easy applicability and inexpensiveness.

The Macro-Anatomically and Subgrossly Investigation of the Liver and It's Vessels (V. portae, A. hepatica) and Biliary Ducts in New Zealand Rabbit

İlknur Dabanoğlu — 1999-04-01

The aim of this study was io supply of basic knowledges for the experimental research on rabbit, which was used widely as a laboratory animal. A total of 22 adult New Zealand Rabbus consisting of 15 males and 7 females were used in this study. Fifteen rabbits consisting of 10 mates and 5 females were given latex for making dissection and 3 males and 2 females rabbits were used lor the corrosion casts and also 2 males rabbits for the histological sections ol Ihe hepatic artery. Liver, hepatic artery, portal vein and biliary ducts were investigated macro-anatomically and subgrossly and the following results were found. In the rabbit, the liver was consist of six lobes and Ihe gall bladder was located between the quadrate lobe and the right hepatic lobe. Common bile duct which was opened at the beginning of the duodenum, was formed by joining of the hepatic ducts which are coming Irom ihe liver lobes. In the duodenum the common bile duct made mucosal bubble which called" papilla duodeni major". The celiac artery gave off the splenic artery which was the first branch of this artery, then it gave off the left gastric artery and the vessel continued as the hepatic artery. The hepatic artery gave off Ihe gastroduodenal artery and the right gastric artery respectively and arrived lo the liver inside the lesser omentum then the hepatic artery dispersed to the liver lobes. In the rabbit, portal vein was formed by the left ramus and right ramus of the liver and the first branch of the portal vein was the gastroduodenal vein. The left gastric vein and splenic vein were leaved, the portal vein as a common trunk cranial mesenteric vein, which was the largest branch of the portal vein, divided to Ihe two branches which were called the common jejunal vein and the ileocolical trunk. Finally, It was founded that the portal vein gave off the caudal pancreaticoduodenal vein and the caudal mesenteric vein.

Investigation on Carriage of Clostridium difficile in Dogs and Cats

Osman Erganiş, H. Hüseyin Hadimli — 1999-04-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the carriage of Clostridium difficile in household pets to determine their potantial as a reservoir of infection. Feacal samples from dogs and cats were cultured in Cooked-Meat Broth. The cultures grown were inactivated in terms of vegetative bacteria in water bath for 20 min. at 80"C. Then, the cultures were subcultured on selective Colombia Blood agar plates containing gentamisin (5 mg/L). Agar plates were incubated aerobically and anaerobically for 48 h. at 37°C. Identification was based on colony morphology, flouresence under an ultraviolet lamb, Gram staining, subterminal spor formation, and some biochemical properties. Clostridium difficile strains were isolated from faecal samples of adults dogs and puppies as household pets: 17 positive (% 25.95) of 62 samples and 9 positive (% 28.1) of 32 samples, at ratio respectively. In uncontrolled dogs (both adults or puppies), 7 positive (% 14.28) of 49 samples and 6 positive (% 19.2) of 37 samples were determined, In cats, 4 positive (% 25) of 16 samples were detected. The strains of C. difficile were found to be susceptible to antimicrobial agents, as follows; Enrofloxacin (100 % ), Oxytetracyclin (100 % ), Danofioxacin (97.6 %), Erithromycin (90.6 % ), Penicilin (85.5 % ), Nitrofurazolidone (83.7 % ), Amoxycillin (69.7 % ) and Nalidixic Acid (62.7 % ).

The effects of zeolite on milk production and composition, rumen parameters and digestibility of the diets

M. Ali Azman, H. Derya Umucalılar, Emin Arat, A. İhsan Akın — 1999-04-01

This study was earned out to determine Ihe effects of zeolite (Cli-nut/1000) in dairy cattle ration and 16 lactating Brown Swiss cattle were used. Six percent ot zeolite was added to the concentrate diet in test group. In the research was determined dry matter intake, milk production performance, rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA). ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). crude protein and crude ftber digestibility. In the experiment, dry matter intake, milk production were found in control and test groups 14.97 and 14.17 kg/day. 15.66 and 16.37 kg/day, respectively and there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). In control and test groups, average milk dry matter, fat. protein were determined 12.26 and 12.14%. 3.94 and 3.76%, 3.34 and 3.29% (P>0.05). At the end of the research. Ihe addition of zeolite did not influence mean ruminal pH. ammonia nitrogen and total VFA concentration which were detected 6 88 and 6.88, 183.6 and 217,2 mmol/l, 139.2 and 129.2 mmol/1, respectively (P>0.05). Estimates of crude protein and fiber digestibilities in test group (67,63% , 69.95%) were lower than control (72.70%, 77.39%) and crude fiber digestibility was found significant difference between groups (P<0.05).

The Effect of Different Salt and Phosphate Levels of Frozen Hen Meats on Emulsion Characteristics

Seher Kaya, Ramazan Gökçe, Hüsnü Yusuf Gökalp — 1999-04-01

In this research, meat samples have been taken from breast and thigh parts of old hen carcasses. Samples have been frozen at -25±1ºC and stored at -18 ºC for 2 months. Three diflerent types of meat: breast meat, thigh meat and their mixture of 1:1 ratio were used as materials. Prepared emulsions were studied that the effect of 3 salt levels (1%, 1,5%, 2,5%), 2 phosphate levels (0.25% and 0.50%) on emulsion capacities (EC) and on emulsion stabilities (ES) of these samples. Frozen breast meat had also higher EC and ES values than thigh meat and mixed meat. Emulsions that prepared with the frozen thigh meat were broken during the heating process. According to the sail levefs 2.5% salt level gave the highest EC and ES values in all treatments. In the frozen breast and mixed meat samples, the 0.5% phosphate added emulsions gave the highest ES values. According to statistically significant level it was concluded that different phosphate levels has not effected EC.

Transferrin Polymorphism of Arabian Horses in Turkey

Metehan Uzun, Fikret Çelebi, Cahit Bağcı, Ahmet Kopar — 1999-04-01

In this study, the polymorphism of Transferrin (Tf) systems were investigated in 1315 Arabian horses blood samples to determine the parentage control. Using potyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), fifteen phe-notypes controlled by five codominant allele were determined in Tf systems. Allel frequencies were as follow; TfF₂ =0.431, TfH₂ =0.211, TfD=0,183, Tf0=0.165 and TfF1 =0.010. Homozygotes F₂ F₂ phenotype has maximum frequency (% 18.71) and F1F( and F,0 have minimum frequency (% 0.15) these are three of the fifteen phenotypes determined: DD, DF₁ , DF₂ , DH₂ , DO, F₁ F₁ , F₁ F₂ , F₁ H₂ ,F₁ O, F₂ F₂ , F₂ H₂ , F₂ O, H₂ H₂ , H₂ O and OO. The findings in this study suggest that Hardy-Weinberg balance was observed in this population (p> 0.01)

Effect of ration supplemented with zinc on some hematological parameters in Angora goats

Nurcan Dönmez, Ercan Keskin — 1999-04-01

This study was conducted to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on some haematological parameters in Angora goats. In the study, 10-12 months aged and 12 Angora goals weighing 15-22 kg were used. Group 1(Conlrol) and group 2(Experimental) were fed with a standart ration containing 35 ppm Zn and the same ration supplemented with 250 ppm Zn respectively as ad libitum for 6 months. In the study, while the plasma zinc levels of control and experimental groups were 0.54-0.64 and 0.73-1.13 µg/ml, the plasma zinc levels of experimental group were signiliciantly(p<0.05) higher, except first sampling time, than in the control group. Although the erythrocyte count, haemoglobine amount and haematocrit levels in the group supplemented with zinc were generally found to be higher than those in control group, the difference at 3^rd month was important alone(p<0.05). It was observed that the erythrocyte count, haemoglobin amount and haematocrit levels in control group tended to decrease as compared with the first month values of the same group. The total protein levels in experimental group were found to bo generally higher, unless important, than those in control group. Although the albumin levels in experimental group were obviously higher as compared with that of control group, the difference of 5. month lonely was statistically important (p<0.05). In Ihe study there was no difference between groups in respect of total leucocyte count and lymphocyte percentage in any time, but it was striking that these parameters were higher in the group supplemented with zinc when compared with control group in all sampling times. In addition to, both T and B lymphocyte percentages also were close each other in either groups during all the study. Consequently, these data obtained in Angora goats which of the ration supplemented with zinc, may have been considered to be beneficial in point of exhibiting the effects of zinc on at least these parameters.

Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Some Lipid Parameters of Plasma and Erythrocyte membrane in Angora Coats

Ercan Keskin, Zafer Durgun, Nurcan Dönmez, Ramazan Çöl, Hüdai İpek — 1999-04-01

In the study, healthy and adult, 12 Angora goats were used. The animals were divided equally into two groups . Group 1 (Control) and Group 2 (Zn Group) were fed ad libitum with a basal ration and the basal ration supplemented with 250 ppm Zn for 3 months. In the Zn group, plasma Zn levels were found to be significantly (P <0.05) higher than those in the Control group at the all sampling times. While plasma Cholesterol level in the Zn group were found to be higher than Control group during the study, the difference in the month 3 was important (P <0.05). Plasma HDL-C(High density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) levels did not show any differences between groups during the study. Plasma phospholipid levels of Zn group were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in Control group in the month 2, 3. However Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid levels were generally higher in Zn group as compared with Control group and the difference lonely in the month 2 was important (P<0.05) . On the other hand, erythrocyte membrane cholesterol levels were found to be slightly higher in the Zn group unless different from those in Control group. Consequently, the Zn supplementation in Angora goats seems striking in respect of the changes in plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid fractions, because of the important roles of phospholipids and cholesterol on dynamics and structure of these cells.

Experimental research in comparison with effects of 6% dextran 70 and 7.5 % NaCI combinations and blood administrations for treatment of dogs with acute heamorrhagic shock syndrome

M. Arıcan, E. Keskin, C. Ceylan, K. Yiğitarslan — 1999-04-01

In this study, effects of small volumes of blood and 7.5 % NaCI/ 6 % dextran administrations in dogs with induced haemorrahagic shocks induced experimentally were investigated. For this purpose totally 12 dogs were used as a material. The dogs were divided into 2 groups each of 6 dogs. Haemorrhagic shock was performed experimentally by taking arterial blood via cut down catheters. By this way the mean arterial pressure was reduced to 40 ± 5 mmHg. At the end of the hypotensive period, the dogs of the group 1 and 2 were treated by bolus injection of 5ml/ kg of blood and 7.5 % NaCI/ 6 % dextran respectively. The blood samples for the determination of blood gases analyses were taken before the experiment, at the end of hypotensive period and after treatment at 30th, 60th and 90th minutes and other parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate and body temperature) were recorded. In the study, Group 1 (treated by bolus injection of blood), after the bolus injection, blood pressure at 30th, 60th and 90th mins. were increased compare to the hipotensive period, but, this increased was only important at the 90th min. (p<0.05). On the other hand, these increased were important at the 30th, 60th and 90th minutes in group 2. Significantly decreased levels of arterial HCO₃ and pC0₂ were found (p<0.05). The decreased levels of hematocrit values were significant compared to the hipotensive period in group 2 (p<0.05). After treatment of hypertonic fluid in group 2, plasma Na+ levels were significantly increased compared to the hipotensive period. Consideration in the study that particularly small volumes of 7.5 % NaCI/ 6 % Dextran administration in case of haemorrahagic shock, can make advantages.

Probability of Seeing White Muscle Disease in Lambs in Karapınar Region and Importance of Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase Enzymes Activites for the Diagnosis of White Muscle Disease

Önder Taşçı, Mahmut Ok — 1999-04-01

This stuy was undertaken to determine probability of seeing white muscle disease in iambs in Karapınar Region and, importance of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities for the diagnosis of white muscle disease. In this study. 54 lambs with white muscle disease and 10 healthy lambs (ageing between 7-25 days and weighting between 5-13 kg) has been used as a materials. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities were significantly higher (p<0.001) in the lambs with white muscle disease compare to the healthy lambs. Serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrations were also significantly higher (p<0.01) in the lambs with white muscle disease compare to the healthy lambs. As a results, it was showed that white muscle disease was commanly seen in lambs in the region of Karapınar and, CK enzyme activity was found to be more sensitive indicator in the diagnosis of the disease. It was concluded that the determination AST, LDH and ALP enzyme activites as well as CK activity could be useful diagnostic pattern of white muscle disease of lamb.

Probiotics As Feed Additives

Zeynep Erdoğan — 1999-04-01

Antibiotics and hormones have been using as feed additives in different ways to provide high performance. It is also known that they have some unwanted side effects for animal and humans. Alternatively, probiotics which are living microorganisms, can be added to animal diet to utilize their stimulation ol growth performance, anti-infectious effects and treatment of digestive track disorders.