Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1996; 12(2)

The Use of Growth Physiology and Biotechnology to Improve Broiler Production

Süleyman Dere, M.Ali Tekeş — 1996-12-01

The key areas of biotechnology and technology are reviewed in relation to their potential application to improve the productivity of broiler chickens. Seven major aspects were identified, namely: genetic engineering of the genome; genetically-engineered hormones; peptides and bioactive agents; feed technology; cell fusion; gene probes and vaccine production. Only the first three are considered in this review. Many hormones and growth factors are known to affect the growth and development of poultry. Unlike the major responses found in growing pigs and lac-tating dairy cows, poultry growth is not markedly altered by an exogenous daily injection of growth hormone (GH), probably because of the lack of a pulsatile release pattern, similar to that which occurs endogenously. This example shows clearly why the application of the biotechnological products to broiler production must be closely linked to understanding of the underlying physiology of growth. Transgenic poultry with multiple copies of the GH gene have been produced using modified retroviri, but detailed information of the effects on growth are still lacking. The hypothalamic peptides which regulate GH secretion from the pituitary appear to be largely ineffective in promoting growth in poultry. However, certain bioactive compounds such as B-agonists are more promising. Investigations have commenced on the role of the insuline - like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) in regulating poultry growth and development. Further studies on gene insertion in poultry may involve the IGF-I gene, but exogenous administration studies are still required. Another approach may be the use of hormone markers in genetic selection programmes. Consumer acceptance of poultry must always be considered. Biotechnology and growth physiology offer considerable potential to improve broiler production but their use must be balanced against consumer demand for the final product.

The Effects ofSelection for Body Weight of Japanese Quail on Egg Production, Egg Weight, Fertility, Hatchability and Survivability

Şeref İnal, Süleyman Dere, Kemal Kırıkçı, Cafer Tepeli — 1996-12-01

In this study, Japanese quails were divergently selected during 5 generations for high and low 5-week body weight. Egg production in randombred, low and high line were obtained as 79.54-88.96, 77.36-85.92 and 67.3384.58 % from 80 to 95 days. Age at first egg in lines were 39.82-45.84, 42.10-51.10 and 40.11-46.07 days, egg weights were 11.18-12.18, 10.94-11.49 and 12.01-13.23 g, hatchability were 51.35-55.03, 51.22-61.98 and 48.00-53.48 %, fertility of eggs 82.94, 87.39 and 86.79 "4 in generation 5. In generation 0, viability for 5 week was 85.28 %, after selection for three lines were 80.38, 80.02 and 78.86 %, respectively.

The Effects of Potassium Sorbate on the Chemical And Microbiological Quality in Kashar Cheese

Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu, Ümit Gürbüz, Yusuf Doğruer — 1996-12-01

Experimentally produced kashar cheese were deeped into the solutions which contain varies rates of potassium sorbate (0, 1%, 2%, 3%) and the effects of potassium sorbate on the chemical and microbiological properties of the cheese were investigated at the 1 st, 15th, 30th and 60th days of the ripenng period. Potassium sorbate did not show any effects on the chemical properties; the moisture, fat. sah and ash contents. However, it decresed the percent of acditiy values and increased the pH values of the samples. On the account of microbiologically effects of potassium sorbate, it effected on the account of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus microorganisms and mould and yeast.

Treatment With Cobaltous Chloride and Sodium Sodium Nitrite in Sheep Poisoned with Amygdalin

İbrahim Pirinçci, Kadir Servi, Sadettin Tanyıldızı, Ahmet Ateşşahin, Osman Güler — 1996-12-01

The present experiment was carried out to compare the effects of cobaltous chloride and sodium thi-osulfate used in the treatment of sheep poisoned with amygdalin. In the study, changes occuring levels of cyanide in the rumen liquor and levels of cyanide, thiocyanate, hemoglobin and methemoglobin in the blood, were determined. In the study, sixteen ewes. aged approximately two years old, were used. The animal on which the experiment was made was fasted from 5 p.m. a day ago to the complement of experiment the next day. Thus, eyanide contaminations due to feed and water were prevented. Amygdalin was given through the rumen probe in the doses of 1,5 mg/kg. Samples of rumen and blood were collected at 1,2,4,8,24, 48 and 72. hours after amygdalin was given. Samples of the rumen were analysed in terms of the levels cyanide. Samples of the blood were analysed in terms of the levels cyanide, thiocyanate, hemoglobin and methemoglobin. lt was observed that sodium nitrite given in the doses of 5,15 and 25 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of eyanide from 0,21O uglml to 0.082, 0.108 and 0.115 ug/ml at first hour, respectively. On the other hand, it was defined that cobatous chloride given in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0.210 ug/ml to 0.031, 0.037 and 0.056 ug/ml at first hour, respectively. lt was established that cobaltous chloride + sodium nitrit given in the dose of 15+25 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0.210 ug/ml to 0.075 ug/ml at first hour. Cobaltous chloride used in the treatment of the cyanide poisoning was determined to be more effective than sodium nitrit.

Treatment with Cobaltous Chloride and Sodium Thiosulfate in Sheep Poisoned with Amygdalin

İbrahim Pirinçi, Sadettin Tanyıldızı, Ahmet Ateşşahin, Haki Kara, Songül Özaydın — 1996-12-01

The present experiment was carried out to compare the effects of cobaltous chloride and sodium thiosulfate used in the treatment of sheep poisoned with amygdalin. In the study, changes occuring levels of cyanide in the rumen liquor and levels of cyanide, thiocyanate, hemoglobin and methemoglobin in the blood, were determined. In the study, sixteen ewes, aged approximately two years old, were used. The animal on which the experiment was made was fasted from 5 p.m. a day ago to the complement of experiment the next day, Thus, cyanide contaminations due to feed and water were prevented. Amygdalin was given through the rumen probe in the doses of 1,5 mg/kg. Samples of rumen and blood were collected at 1,2,4,8,24,72. hours after amygdalin was given. Samples of the rumen were analysed in terms of the levels cyanide. Samples of the blood were analysed in terms of the levels cyanide, thiocyanate, hemoglobin and methemoglobin. lt was observed that cobalt chloride given in the doses of 5,1 O and 15 mg/ kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0,21 O ug/ml to 0.079, 0.039 and 0.068 ug/ml at first hour, respectively. On the other hand, it was defined that sodium thiosulfate given in doses of 50, 400 and 600 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level kof cyanide from 0.21O ug/ml to 0.139, 0.165 and 0.179 ug/ml at first hour, respectively. lt was established that cobaltous chloride + sodium thiosulfate given in the dose of 10+600 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0.21 O ug/ml to 0.103 ug/ml at first hour. Cobaltous chloride used in the treatment of the cyanide poisoning was found to be more effective than sodium thiosulfate.

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin and Adsorbent Mycofix^® Plus (based PVPP active matter) on Some Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Ömer Demet, Halis Oğuz , Fatma İnal, Ferhan Nizamlıoğlu — 1996-12-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effects ol aflatoxın and adsorbent (Mycofix^® Plus, based polyvmıyllpolypyrrolidone active matter) on some perfonnance para^ters of day-old broiler chicks. A total of 132 chicks (Hybro) were divided into four groups each containing 33 animals. lt was mixed into diets at 0, 3, 0, 3 g/kg Mycofix^® . Plus and 0, 0, 2.5, 2.5 ppm aflatoxin. Feed and drinking water was provided ad libitum for 21 days. Feed consumption, body weight were determined every 7 days. Died animals were recorded daily Feed consumption (gl day) was 23.6, 24.7, 17 . 1, and 21.6; final body weights were (g) 346.3; 275.5; 235.0 and 241.4 respectively. Alatoxin (83.06% B₁ , 12.98% B2. 2 84% G₁ . and 1.12% G₂ ) was produced by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 at "University of Selçuk, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology." Based on results, although there is a significant difference (p<0.05), between control and the other groups on body weight and no significant differences between the others (p>0.05). However, feed consumption was highly reduced in aflatoxin group.

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Anatoxin and Adsorbent (Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) on Some Haematologic Values of Broiler Chicken

Ferhan Nizamlı oğl u, Halis Oğuz, Vahdettin Altunok, Ömer Demet — 1996-12-01

This study was earned out to investigate the effect of aflatoxin(produced by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 on rice) that was added alone and its combination with adsorbent (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) on some haematological values a day-old in eighty broiler chicks (Avian). For this purpose, the animals, which were divided into four groups, were provided with feed and water for ad libitum consumption from 1 to 28 days of age. The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments in the feed of the groups: a) Control with 0 mg of aflatoxin (AF) per kg of diet. b) 2. 5 mg of AF per kg of diet, c) 3. 0 g of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) per kg of diet d) 2. 5 mg of AF per kg of diet plus 3 0 g of PVPP per kg of diet. AF that were incorporated to diet consisted of 83. 06 % B1, 12. 98 % B2, 2. 84 % G1, and 1. 12 % G2. At the end of the experiment. six chicks per each group were bled by cardiac puncture and their blood samples were collected and analysed for treated-related changes in serum glucose, total protein, albumin, bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzim activity. These results indicate that aflatoxin caused a deerease on serum total protein, albumin, and bilirubin values (p>0. 05), and its eHects on glucose values and AST activity were not appear Also the inert polymer (polyviniylpolypyrrolidone) incorporated to diet 3. 0 g/kg of feed, has no benefitical effect on aflatoxin contaminated (2. 5 ppm) feed for these parameters on broilers.

The Bloodood Parameters or Inci Kefal (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) in Van Lake

Ali Çınar , Fahri Bayıroğlu, Oide Kılıçalp — 1996-12-01

In this study, the blood parameters of inci kefal in Van Lake (Chalcalburnus tarichi. Palfas 1811) were investigared and, lifty fish were usedL Blood taken from heart ol fish. The means physiological parameters were as follows; red blood cell (RBC) 1 .48 x 106/mm3, white blood cell (WBC) 46 x 103 / mm3 , and blood platelet 0.42 x 104 /mm3 respectively The mean hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocnt value (PCV) were 7.8 g/dl. and 23 % respectively. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV). mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were 155.4 µ3, 52.7 µ/gr, and 33.9 % respectivety. The leukocyte formula was determined to be as follows : lymphocyte 78 %, monocyte 3 %, neutrophil 18 eosionophil 1 % and basophil 0 % respectively.

Research on Residue Levels of the Organochlorine Insecticide in the Chalcalburnus Tarichi Samples Obtained from Van Lake

Hülya Sağmanlıgil, Ali Bilgili, Ender Yarsan, İdris Türel — 1996-12-01

In this research, total one hundred and sixty fishes (chalcalburnus tarichi) were used in 1994 and 1995 years. and heptachlore epoksite was only determined as organochlorine insecticides in these experiments. Hep-tachlore epoksite levels in fish meat were found as 0.0204 ppm. As a result, Van Lake and fish (chalcalburnus tarichi) was not contaminated with organochlorine insecticides, even if there are some low levels of heptachlore epoksite. This would suggest that contamination of Van Lake with organochlorine insecticides is not significant, therefore it is not life threatening.

The Diagnosis of Babesia ovis in Sheep in Konya Around by ELISA

Ferda Sevinç, Bilal Dik — 1996-12-01

This study was done in Konya and its some small towns (Çumra, Beyşehir, Sarayönü). Sixty sheep fr0m Konya and each smail town were examined monthly between the dates of May, 1994 and May, 1995. The blood samples were taken from each sheep and blood smears were prepared for microscopic examination. In addition. serum sample from each sheep was separated for the serologic diagnosis of B.ovis by ELISA. The sheep were examined for tick infestation, and collected ticks were identified by stereomicroscopy. At the results of microscopic examinations of 723 blood smears, B. ovis was diagnosed in 83 (11.47 %). However, B. ovis antibodies were determined serologically by ELISA in 295 (42.14 %) of 700 serum samples. According to the result of both serologic and microscopic examinations, the seasonal prevalance of babesiosis in sheep was highest in July. When the age pre-valance of B. ovis infestation diagnosed by ELISA and microscopic examinations was evaluated, the highest prevalance (53.9 %) was found at the 1-2 age group. The lowest prevalance (22.14 %) was found in sheep ageing 6-12 months. The results of the collected tick examinations showed that Rh. bursa and Rh. turanicus had the highest prevalance at the dates of between April and August. There was significant differences (p<0.01) between the results of microscopic and serologic examinations.

ASIF TEORİ VE TEKNİĞİ THE THEORY AND TECHNIQUE OF ASIF I. BÖLÜM

Zeki Oğurtan, Fahrettin Alkan — 1996-12-01

ASIF has been tn the use ol velermary surgeons (or a long period erf Time for Iracture fixation in smaB and large an

The Incidence of Cryptorchidism and Testis Hypoplasia Examined Through Pathologic and Androgenic Evaluations with the Resultant Effect on the Fertility in Merino Rams

1996-12-01

Total of 5578 male merinos were evaluated for cryptorchidism and testis hypoplasia in HAYMAREN -Konya, KAE - Bandırma. and TIGEM - Altınova, born in 1993 and 1994, Polatlı and Karacabey in 1994. The incidence of cryptorchidism was 10.3 and 8.5% in Haymaren - Konya, 23.2 and 7.1 %in KAE - Bandırma, 5.7 and 2.9% in Altınova, N/A and 5.6 % in Polatlı, N/A and 8.5% in Karacabey in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The ineidence of testis hypoplasia was 5.3 and 6.3 % in Haymaren - Konya, 5.7 % and N/A in KAE - Bandırma, 6.7 % and N/A in Altınova in 1993 and 1994, respectively. 67.7 % bilateral and 32.3 % unilateral, of which, 83.2 % was right cryptorchid testes were detected. 69.6 % bilateral and 30.4 % unilateral, of which, 64.7 % left hypoplastic testes were detected.Certain nummer of rams with cryptorchid and hypoplastic testes was selected for plasma levels of testosterone, LH, FSH and spermatologic evaluation. When the rams reached 1 year of age, they were terminated, and the testes were subjected to microscopic and macroscopic evaluations. Tubulus seminiferus contortuses were covered with foetal sertoli cells, small in diameter in cryptorchid testes. Spermatogenesis ceased at spermatid and secondary spermatocyte phases in light and moderate hypoplastic testes, respectively. Bilateral moderate degree hypoplasia was characterised by azoospermia. While plasma testosterone levels were within normal limits orhighly increased, LH levels were highly increased in cryptorchid testes. FSH levels were found to be highly increased in cryptorchid and hypoplastic testes.ln this study, the incidence of cryptorchidism was found to be high and attributed to the hereditary factors, which was thought that would be decreased by selection. Pathological changes found was not to be detectable until sexual maturity. lt was concluded that the rams must be at least 12 months old in order to detect the hypoplastic testes.

Pathological and Bacteriological Studies on Mastitis in Goats

1996-12-01

In this study. clinic, bacteriologic and pathological examinations were performed on udders of 500 goats slaughtered at Konya and Beyşehir abattoirs for mastitis. Mastitis was detected in 55 goats (11 %), 1 0 (2 %) of which had clinical mastitis, and 45(%9) of which had subclinical mastitis. Coagulase (+) Staphylococcus (38,2 %), coagulase(-) Staphylococcus (11.8 %), Corynebacterium spp (23.5 %), E. coli (14.7 %). Yeast (5.9 %) and Fla-vobacterium spp.(5.9 %)were isolated from the milk samples taken from udders with mastitis. 66 udder lobes taken from these goats histopathologically revealed mastrtis and galactophoritis catarrhalis acuta (8 lobes), mastitis and ga-lactophoritis catarrhalis subacuta (2 lobes). mastitis and galactophorflis catarrhalis chronica (40 lobes), mastitis and galactophoritis catarrhalis chronica (5 lobes) and mastitis interstitialis nonpurulenta (11 lobes). Supramammar lymph nodes had lymphadenitis simplex (4 cases). lymphadenitis chronica (9 cases). lymphadenitis hyperplastica(20 cases) and fibrosis (4 cases).

Macroanatomic Investigations on Coronary Arteries of the Heart in Kangal Dogs

Sadettin Tıpırdamaz, Nejdet Dursun, Hakan Yalçın — 1996-12-01

In this study, blood supply of the hearth was investigated in Kangal dogs. In this purpose, twelve Kangal dogs hearth were used. It was determined that left coronary artenes arised from the aorta at the level of the aortic valve. The left coronary artery anses from the aorta almostly above the left semilunar cusps ot the aortic valve. lt was seen that left coronary artery between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle and appeared to the coronary groove, here the left coronary artery divides into interventricular paraconal branch and circumflex branch. The right coronary artery originates from the aorta at the level of the right semilunar cusps of the aortic valve. It contunies as right circumflex branch in the coronary groove and twigs to right atrium.

Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1996; 12(2)

The Use of Growth Physiology and Biotechnology to Improve Broiler Production

The Effects ofSelection for Body Weight of Japanese Quail on Egg Production, Egg Weight, Fertility, Hatchability and Survivability

The Effects of Potassium Sorbate on the Chemical And Microbiological Quality in Kashar Cheese

Treatment With Cobaltous Chloride and Sodium Sodium Nitrite in Sheep Poisoned with Amygdalin

Treatment with Cobaltous Chloride and Sodium Thiosulfate in Sheep Poisoned with Amygdalin

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin and Adsorbent Mycofix® Plus (based PVPP active matter) on Some Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Anatoxin and Adsorbent (Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) on Some Haematologic Values of Broiler Chicken

The Bloodood Parameters or Inci Kefal (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas 1811) in Van Lake

Research on Residue Levels of the Organochlorine Insecticide in the Chalcalburnus Tarichi Samples Obtained from Van Lake

The Diagnosis of Babesia ovis in Sheep in Konya Around by ELISA

ASIF TEORİ VE TEKNİĞİ THE THEORY AND TECHNIQUE OF ASIF I. BÖLÜM

The Incidence of Cryptorchidism and Testis Hypoplasia Examined Through Pathologic and Androgenic Evaluations with the Resultant Effect on the Fertility in Merino Rams

Pathological and Bacteriological Studies on Mastitis in Goats

Macroanatomic Investigations on Coronary Arteries of the Heart in Kangal Dogs

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin and Adsorbent Mycofix^® Plus (based PVPP active matter) on Some Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens