Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2010; 26(2)

Capability of the Cavalieri method for volume estimation of the dog testis

Murat Sırrı Akosman, Vural Özdemir — 2010-06-01

Aim: Aim of this research was to investigate the capability of Cavalieri principle (unbiased and efficient method using to volume measurement) for the in vitro estimation of the volume of the dog. Materials and Methods: Five male adult dog testes were used. First, testis volumes were measureament by water displacement method (Archimedes principle), then cavalieri method used to estimate the volume of same testis. Afterwards, the results of these methods were compared. Results: The mean volume of the left and right testis together was found 18.72 cm³ according to Archimedean principle and 18.25 cm³ according to Cavalieri principles. Statistical difference was not found (p<0.05). Conclusion: The direct volume measurement method “water displacement” could not be Performed on the small testis because of the “capillary effect”. However Cavalieri principle runs free from the shape and orientation of the material. The study showed that Cavalieri principle was capable to measure the testis volume.

Scanning electron and light microscopic investigation of Bursa fabricius in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Murat Erdem Gultiken, Dincer Yildiz, Siyami Karahan, Durmus Bolat — 2010-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was postnatal investigation of morphometric features of Bursa fabricius in Turkey by using scanning electron microscope and light microscope. Materials and Methods: One 1-24 week old 50 turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) were used. Their Bursa fabriciuses were taken out after the necropsy and weighted. Tissues were fixed with glutaraldehyde, examined and photographed under scanning electron microscope. For histological examination, tissues were prepared using routine histologic methods and stained with Mallory's triple and Hematoxylen-Eosine. Results: The morphometric data concerning turkey ducklings used in the study showed that Bursa fabricius reaches its maximum size at the 9^th week. The decrease in the weight of Bursa fabricius following the week of 9 proved that involution session in the turkey begins after that period. On the investigation performed by means of scanning electron microscopy, dome shaped surface epithelium which covers subepithelial lymph follicles on the surface was determined to be most clear in the 5^th and 9^th weeks. There was a distinct irregularity of this appearance in the following weeks (13^th and 24^th ). Conclusion: It was concluded that the results may contribute to the researches which relate to humoral immunity formation and effectiveness of vaccination programme.

The effect of glycerol with different purity on fattening performance in lambs

Behiç Coşkun, Esat Sami Polat, Emel Gürbüz, Fatma İnal — 2010-06-01

Aim: The effects of glycerol which is supplied from different production methods resulting in different purity were investigated on fattening lambs on nutrition performance. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 32 of weaned Akkaraman Kangal male lambs, five months of age, were used in 4 groups, 8 animals each, formed as control, pure glycerol, and two various methanol acquired crude glycerol (4.14 and 9.80% methanol) groups. Experiment was continued 11 weeks including 1 week adaptation and 10 weeks experimental. Results: No significant difference was observed in terms of live weight (p>0.05). When daily live weight gains were compared, only in 56-70 days the crude glycerol group showed significance (p<0.05). There were no differences between groups in total feed consumption, but concentrate and roughage utilization rate were found better in 56-70 day, in the crude glycerol groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It could be suggested that supplementation of lamb diets with up to 2.5% of glycerol when it was economic. Also, further evaluations are needed to determine the effect of higher levels of glycerol.

Evaluation of vitamin and mineral content of commercial premixes

Süleyman Tekelioğlu, Emel Gürbüz, Behiç Coşkun, Fatma İnal — 2010-06-01

Aim: This research was conducted to determine vitamin and mineral content in commercial premixes and trace minerals and heavy metals content of trace mineral sources which are used in premixes. Materials and Methods: Research was carried out as two experiments. Ten pieces of poultry and ruminant premixes were collected and vitamin, mineral and heavy metal analyses were done in experiment 1. Raw materials of trace mineral sources as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were collected from 6 companies and trace mineral and heavy metals as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) analyses were done in experiment 2. Results: Vitamin and mineral values of poultry and ruminant premixes was lower than declared values in experiment 1. There were no heavy metals in trace mineral sources in experiment 2. Conclusion: Differences between declared values of vitamins and result of analysis should be depending on storage and inorganic trace minerals effects.

The effects of using glycerol in transition dairy cows

Behiç Coşkun, Fatma İnal, Emel Gürbüz, Tahir Balevi, Erdoğan Şeker — 2010-06-01

Aim: This trial was carried out to investigate the effects of glycerol which was given to dairy cows in the transition period milk yield and composition, live weight, and body condition scores with changes in blood plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and ß hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations. Materials and Methods: Twenty of second calf pregnant 3 years old Holstein cows were used. Cows were divided into 2 groups, one kept as a control, and second group was drenched an extra 750 g glycerol daily. The experiment has been continued total of 65 days with prenatal 20 days and postnatal 45 days. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of milk yield, milk composition, live weight, and plasma glucose and BHBA concentrations between the groups (p>0.05). 45^th day plasma NEFA concentrations were found lower in the glycerol group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that glycerol has a beneficial effect on plasma and live weight changes of cows in transition period.

Wool properties in Kangal Akkaraman sheep

2010-06-01

Aim: This research was studied for determination of greasy wool yield, wool length, fiber diameter, elasticity, strength and efficiency in Akkaraman sheep breeding at public hand. Materials and Methods: Research has been carried out with 1623 sheep wool samples in Kangal district from 7 different local breeders. The management and nutrition of sheep were made completely by breeders. The sheep had been fed at pasture in the spring and summer and in indoors during winter. Results: Greasy wool yields for 2, 3, 4 and 5 years old sheep were found as 1.80, 1.69, 1.62 and 1.58 kg, while medullated fiber rates were determined as 33.51 and 32.75% and 32.86, 31.87, and wool lengths were determined as 30.33 and 27.73 (Hauter) mm in elite and base herds, respectively. Fiber diameters and wool percentages were calculated as 28.63 and 26.96 and 60.78 and 53.77%, respectively. Statistically significance was determined (p<0.05) only in greasy wool weighs and wool percentage. Conclusion: The wool yield and fiber diameter of some sheep herds were found very close to Merino cross-bred sheep. The variation between the sampled herds of sheep is believed to be decreased with selection and management.

Production and development of vaccines for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in turkeys

Osman Erganis, Hasan Hüseyin Hadimli, Kursat Kav, Zafer Sayin, Zeki Aras — 2010-06-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to prepare bivalent inactive Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale bacterin vaccines to measure the levels of antibodies against antigens in blood sera and to determine the efficacies of different O. rhinotracheale vaccines on turkeys. Materials and Methods: The bivalent inactivated O. rhinotracheale bacterin vaccines were prepared from O. rhinotracheale serotype A and B strains using aliminium hydroxide, mineral oil, aluminium hydroxide + ginseng and mineral oil + ginseng. After the sterility and the safety tests, laboratory efficiencies of vaccines (challange/protection and serological potency) were done on the turkeys (twice vaccinated with doses 0.25 ml and 0.5 ml at 5 and 8 weeks, respectively). Results: According to the challenge results, all the vaccines were found effective at 100%. Slide agglutination, micro serum agglutination and ELISA tests were used for the diagnosis. The vaccine containing mineral oil and ginseng as adjuvant induced significantly greater humoral immune response than others. Also, vaccine containing mineral oil and ginseng as adjuvant was determined to be more effective in the field trials in a company privately producing turkeys. Conclusion: O. rhinotracheale vaccines could be used for prevention of ornithobacteriosis in turkeys.

Serodiagnosis of Brucella canis infection in dogs by a dipstick enzyme immunoassay

Uckun Sait Ucan, Zeki Aras, Ahmet Semacan — 2010-06-01

Aim: A rapid and reliable test is needed by the veterinary practitioners although the canine brucellosis can be diagnosed by bacteriological, molecular and serological methods. By this study, developing a dipstick EIA for a rapid serodiagnosing the infection was aimed. Materials and Methods: The test was compared with Rapid Agglutination Test iELISA. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of the test were 82% and 95%, respectively when iELISA was evaluated as gold standard. Conclusion: Since the test has a good degree of specifity it is recommended as a screening test in the field.

Gastric dilatation and chronic gastritis in one-month-old puppy

Mehmet Maden, Aliye Sağkan Öztürk, Hasan Güzelbekteş — 2010-06-01

The puppy was one-month-old and male when it was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya-Turkey. In this report, it was evaluated that the approaches of diagnosis and treatment of a case of gastric dilatation and chronic gastritis defined on the basis of clinical, laboratory, radiographic and endoscopic findings in an English Bulldog puppy. The presenting complaints were anorexia, dullness, abdominal distention, nausea, attempts to vomit and defecate, colic, constipation, praying position and neurologic seizures. Bilateral abdominal distention, colic and evidence of gastric pain were found on clinical examination of the dog. The owner informed that the dog had been feeding dry dog food for adult dog and overeating. Edema and thickness, increased mucus, hyperemia, mucosal fragility and sensitivity in the rugal folds of curvature major, petechiel bleeding, and bile retention together with mucosal degeneration were observed by the endoscopic examination in the puppy. Gastric dilatation and chronic gastritis were diagnosed on the basis of clinical, laboratory, radiologic and endoscopic findings and was treated. In conclusion, it was decided that the case could be a result of falsely feeding. We recommend the gastric decompression and lavage along with the use of sedative and fluid therapy in the treatment of the cases.

The contribution of large animal models for studies into developmental plasticity and regenerative sciences

Heiner Niemann — 2010-06-01