Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 1995; 11(2)

The Study on the New Spectrophotometry Method For Chlorid Determination

Ali Muhtar Tiftik, Leyla Kalaycıoğlu, Firuze Kurtoğlu — 1995-04-01

The concentrations of the solutions, used in Mohr method (titrimetric method for chloride), were changed and evaluated in the different pathway to obtain new spectrophotomelric method for chlorid analyses. The principle ol the method is based on two reactions. First, all chlorid precipitate with the silver, and second, the rest of the silver react with chromate tons. After centrifugation, the restness of the chromate in the supernatant of the solution is related to the chloride concentration in the test tubes and chloride concentration is calculated via optic density of the rest ot the chromate. Since no chloride added in the reagent blank tube, the differences of the optic density of the chromate in reagent blank and test tubes are related to the chloride concentration directly. In a number observations for the analyses of the K₂ CrO₄ , it is found that the ideal vawelength is 380 nm.

The Effects of Long Term Growth Hormone Administration on Milk Yield, Milk Composition And Reproductive Performance Of Dairy Cows

1995-04-01

In this study, 14 Holstein heifers were used. Animals were divided into two groups. Ftekombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) was injekted 14 mg/day daily one of the groups during 196 days. The effects of rBST on milk yield, milk composition, feed intake, some postpartal reproductive parameters, blood glukoz, insuline and non es-terifed fatty acids levels were investigated. During ten weeks at the pretreatment, milk yield was measured and these values were used in covarians analysis. Milk yield was significantly increased by the rBST treatment. Before the rBST administration average milk yield of control and treatment group were 15.33 kg and 14.04 kg respectively. These datas were became equal in the first month of the experiment and were observed as 13,76 kg for the control group, 13.52 kg for the treatment group. Then milk yield was more at the rBST administred group than the control group during the last months of the experiment. Concentrate feed was gi ven to animals relative to their milk yield and chopped alfalfa hay was given ad libitum. There were no differences between groups for the alfaifa hay intake. No negative effects of rBST treatment were observed on early pospartum sign and ovarial functions. Milk composition, blood in* silune, glucose and non esterified fatty acids levels were not affected by the hormone administration.

The Levels of Blood pH and Thyroid Hormon e in Sheep and Their Newborn Lambs

Tufan Keçeci — 1995-04-01

In this investigation, thyroid hormone levels and blood pH were compared in 10 newborn lam bs and in their dams immediately at parturnion then 24 and 72 h therealter. The blood pH was lower and serum thyroid hormone levels were higher in the newborn lambs than those in the sheep. In the lambs, blood pH and serum total Iri· iodothyronine (TT₃ ) levels increased at 1h, 24h and 72h postpartum, whereas serum total thyrexine (TT₄ ) levels in the lambs decreased over time. The corresponding paramaters did not change over time in the case of sheep exeapt that there was a decline serum TT₃ levels at 72h postpartum. Especially, significant (P<0.05) negative correlation was found between thyroid hormone levels and blood pH in the lambs 24 and 72h postpartum.

Effects of Stress and Ascorbic Acid on Some Blood Metabolites in Cocks

Tufan Keçeci, Mehmet Kocabatmaz — 1995-04-01

In the investigation, 30 white leghorn cicks which were at the same age, similar body weight and healthy were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups as Control, Group ST (Stress) and Group AA (Ascorbic acid). Food and water were given ad libitum. Each group was placed into different compartment. It was 40 dm² foreach bird off toor area for the control animals. But, in the experimental groups, the floor area was 10 dm² for each bird. During the experiment, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was added to food of the animals in Grofp AA. (150 mg/kg) The increased levels of plasma corticosterone is experimental groups indicated to occur stress. In the cocks of Control Group; mean blood serum total thyroxine (TT₄ ), total triiodothyronine ((TT₃ ). glucose, total cholesterol, total protein levels and plasma corticosterone levels were found to be 2.76 pg/dl, 0.71 ng/dl, 185,63 mg/dl, 115.35 mg/dl, 4.17 gr/dl and 0.96 ng/ ml respectively. The levels of serum TT₃ (0.45ng/m! ) and total cholesterol <106,62mg/dl) in the animals of Group ST decreased. However, plasma corticosterone (1,57ng/ml) and serum glucose levels (207.32mg/dl) were increased. Mean serum TT₃ , glucose, total cholesterol and plasma corticosterone levels in the animals those were given ascorbic acid were determined to be 0.53ng/ml, 191.64mg/dl, 111,54mg/dl and 1.02ng/ml respectively. The levels of serum TT₄ and tota! protein amongst the groups were not significantly differences. Based on results, it was concluded that some blood metabolites were significantly influenced by stress.

Effect of Acetic Acid on Ruminal pH, Volatile Fatty Acids and Protozooa in the Sheep

Tufan Keçeci, Mehmet Kocabatmaz, Ramazan Kadak — 1995-04-01

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ruminal infusion of acetic acid on the ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protozoa in the sheep. Two fistulated sheep were infused through rumen fistula with 500 ml water (control) or acetic acid (0.62 gr/kg body weight) before feeding for 4 consecutive days. Samples of rumen contents were collected from each sheep before and 1 h after, infusion through the ruminal fistula. Acetic acid infusion has caused a significant drop in the ruminal pH. Furthermore, there was a reducing effect of acetic acid on number of ruminal protozoa. Especially, the Holotrich protozoa were the most susceptible, Whereas Entodinia were the least sensitive to ihe reducing effect of acetic acid. While the proportions of Holotrich species decreased, the proportions of Entodinium species were generally found to be increase after acetic acid supplementation into the rumen of sheep. Compared with the values of same parameters in the sheep given water, acetic acid proportions and total VFA levels were determined to be higher, but the proportions of propionic and butyric acids were found lower levels in the sheep given acetic acid.

Treatment with Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate in Sheep Poisoned with Amygdalin

İbrahim Pirinçci, Sadettin Tanyıldızı, Kadir Servi, Songül Özaydın, Osman Güler — 1995-04-01

The present experiment was carried out to compare the effects of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate used in the treatment of sheep poisoned with amygdalin. In the study, changes occuring levels of cyanide in the rumen liquor and levels of cyanide, thiocyanate, hemoglobin and methemoglobin in the blood, were determined. In the study, twenty ewes, aged approximately two years old, were used. The animal on which the experiment was made was fasted from 5 p.m. a day ago to the complement of experiment the next day. Thus, cyanide contaminations due to feed and water were prevented. Amygdalin was given through the rumen probe in the doses of 1.5 mg/kg. Samples of rumen and blood were collected at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72. hours after amygdalin was given. Samples of the rumen were analysed in terms of the levels cyanide, samples of the blood were analysed in terms of the levels cyanide, thiocyanate, hemoglobin and methemoglobin. It was observed that sodium nitrite given in the doses of 5, 15 and 25 mg/ kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0.210 ug/ml to 0.082, 0.108 and 0.115 ug/ml at first hour, respectively. On the other hand, it was defined that sodium thiosulfate given in doses of 50, 400 and 600 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0.210 ug/ml to 0.139, 0.165 and 0.179 ug/ml at first hour, respectively. It was established that sodium nitrite + sodium thiosulfate given in the dose of 25 + 600 mg/kg at thirty minutes decreased the level of cyanide from 0.210 ug/ml to 0.158 ug/ml at first hour. Sodium nitrite used in the treatment of the cyanide poisoning was found to be more effective than sodium thiosulfate.

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) on Some Haematological Parameters in The Leghorn Cocks Which were Experimentally Induced Stress

Tufan Keçeci, Mehmet Kocabatmaz — 1995-04-01

ln this study, 50 white leghorn cocks which were at the same age, similar body weight and healthy were used. The animals were divided into 5 groups as Control, Group ST, Group AA, Group ASA₁ and Group ASA₂ . The groups were placed into different coops. In the coops, while it was 40 dm² floor area to control animals for one bird, it was 10 dm² floor area to the animals in the other groups for one bird. During the experiment, while ascorbic acid was added in the ration of the animals in the Group AA, acetylsalicylic acid was added in the ration of the animals in the Group ASA₁ and Group ASA₂ at the different dose levels. Because of the increase in the ratio of circulating heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L), in the animals except control ones were determined to occure stress. The mean of red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin amount (Hb), hematocrit values, the values of erytrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at 1st, 2nd, 24th hours, thrombocytes and white blood cell (WBC) count, proportions of heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, H/L ratio in control animals were determined to be 2. 899x106/mm3, 8. 24 gr/ dl, 28. 30 %, 2. 56 %, 1. 58 %, 65. 84 % and 0. 43 respectively. In the animals of Group ST, the mean of lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil proportions and ESR at 2nd, 24th hours decreased (54. 90 %, 0. 64 %, 1. 20 %, 46. 12 mm and 113. 76 mm respectively). However, the mean of H/L ratio, heterophil proportions, RBC and WBC counts, Hb and hematocrit values increased (0. 77, 41. 38 %, 3. 448x10⁶ /mm³ , 36. 58x10³ /mm³ , 10. 56 gr/dl and 32. 26 % respectively). The mean of H/L ratio, lymphocytes, eosinophil, basophil, heterophil and monocytes proportions, RBC, WBC and thrombocytes counts, Hb, hematocrit values, ESR at 1st, 2nd and 24th hours in the animals those were given ascorbic acid were found to be 0. 51, 63. 22 %, 0. 92 %, 2. 04 %, 32. 08 %, 1. 88 %, 1. 151x10⁶ /mm³ , 33. 00x10³ /mm³ , 0. 4664x10⁵ /mm³ , 9. 59 gr/dl, 30. 22 %, 24. 78mm, 47. 34mm and 115. 46 mm respectively. On the other hand, in the cocks of Group ASA₁ , the same values were determined to be 0. 61, 59. 72 %, 0. 80 %, 1. 64 %, 35. 82 %, 2. 02 %, 3. 332x10⁶ /mm³ , 35. 74x10³ /mm³ , 0. 4696x10⁵ /mm³ , 10. 18 gr/dl, 31. 92 %, 24. 64mm, 46. 66mm and 113. 52mm respectively. Whereas, the same values in the animals of Group ASA₂ were found to be 0. 70, 57. 00 %, 0. 72 %, 1. 84 %, 38. 72 %, 1. 72 %, 3. 386x10⁶ /mm³ , 36. 52x103/mm3, 0. 4688x10⁵ /mm³ , 10. 30 gr/dl, 32. 02 %, 24. 63 mm, 46. 98 mm and 114. 74 mm respectively. Based on results, it was concluded that some haematological parameters was influenced by stress and ascobic acid was more effective agent than acetylsalicylic acid on stress in poultry.

Single and Combination Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin and Adsorbent (Mycofix^® Plus) on Certain Hacmatologic and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chicken

Tufan Keçeci, Ömer Demet, Halis Oğuz — 1995-04-01

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of aflatoxin (produced by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2959 on rice), that was added alone and its combination with adsorbent (Mycofix^® Plus, based polyviniylpolypyrrohdone active matter), on some biochemical and haematological parameters in day-old sixty male broiler chicks (hybro) For this purpose, the animals, which were divided into lour groups, were provided with feed and water for ad libitum consumption from 1 to 21 days ol age The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments in the feed of the groups: a) Control with 0 mg of aflatoxin (AF). 0 g of adsorbent per kg of diet, b) 3.0 g of absorbent per kg of diet, c) 2.5 mg of AF per kg of diet, d) 2.5 mg of AF per kg of diet plus 3.0 g of adsorbent per kg diet. At the end of the experiment, 7 chicks Irom group led adsorbent, and 10 chicks from others were bled and their blood samples were collected. In these samples; treatments-related changes in haemalotogical (red blood cells, white blood cells and thrombocytes counts, hemoglobin amount, hematocrit values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 1st. 2nd and 24th hours, lymphocytes, heterophils. monocytes, basophiles and eosinophiles s percentages) and serum biochemical values (glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid and total protein levels) were observed. When compared with the control, serum total cholesterol and uric add levels, thrombocyte counts, hemoglobin amount, hematocrit values, lymphocytes and basophiles percentages were significantly reduced in the chicks fed AF. Also, heterophites percentages of the animals fed AF were higher values than control ones (P<0.05). Whereas, between the parameters of control chicks and the animals fed AF plus adsorbent, there was no significant differences (P>0.05). Based on results, if was concluded that adsorbent used in this experiment was effective agent in restoration of the parameters, that were altered by AF in chicks.

A New Approach on the Treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Dogs

Celâl İzci — 1995-04-01

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a common ophtalmic problem in dogs. The condition usually results from a deficiency of the aqueous component of the precorneal tear film. A deficiency in the aqueous portion of the tear film results in an increase in tear film osmolality, conjunctivitis and keratitis and secondary corneal ulcerations. Although the cause of the keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs can not be determined, circumstantial evidence, histopathologic lesions, and circulating autoantibodies suggest that autoimmune processes account for the majority of cases. The diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca is based on clinical signs and results of a Schirmer tear test. The hallmark clinical sign is a mucoid to mucopurulent ocular discharge that adheres to the corneal epithelium and is usually accompanied by a cojunctival redness. The Schirmer tear test is a semiquantitative method of assessing tear function. Normal dogs wet 14-24 mm/min on Schirmer tear test but keratoconjunctivitis sicca cases typically wet less than 8-10 mm/min. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is nearly always misdiagnosed as primary bacterial or nonspesific conjunctivitis or keratitis because clinical signs are similar. The conventional therapy in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca consist of frequent typical applications of such medications as artificial tear replacement solutions, parasympathomimetic agents, antiinflammatory drugs, mucolytics, and antibiotics. Recently, keratoconjunctivitis sicca therapy has been radically altered by the introduction of a single topical agent, cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant useful in organ transplantation. Topical cyclosporine, used once or twice daily, can stimulate tear production and alleviate many of the signs of the disease.

The Quality of Pastrami Consumed in Konya

Yusuf Doğruer, Ümit Gürbüz, Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu — 1995-04-01

In this research, chemical and microbiological qualities of 25 pastrami samples taken from Konya market were determined. At the result of mikrobiological analyzes, the average count of total microorganisms, Coliform groups, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus and yeast and mould were determined as 1.2x10⁷ , 2.8x10³ , 7.8x10⁵ and 1.2x10⁵ / g respectively. Based on the chemical analyses the average of moisture, fat, protein, ash and salt contents were 46.67 %. 3.95 %, 40.47%. 6.89 % and 6.15 % respectively; pH value and water activity values were 5.88 and 0.87 respectively. In conclution, of 36 % pastrami samples microbiologically and of 92 % pastrami samples chemically were not found to conviment to the Food regulation and Standards on the acount of mlcrobiologica! and chemical analysis.

Microbiological Quality Properties of Civil Cheese

O. Cenap Tekinşen, Mustafa Atasever, Abdullah Keleş — 1995-04-01

In this study, 26 Civil cheese samples obtained from Erzurum province and arround were analysed microbiologically. The mean values of colony counts were determined as follows for different microorganisms : for general viable microorganisms 8.93x10⁷ /g, for proteolitic 9.61x10⁵ /g, for coliform group 4.64x10⁴ /g, for fecal streptococci 1.11x10⁶ /g, for lactic streptococci 2.18x10⁶ /g, for Lactobacillus 1.33x10⁷ /g, (or Staphylococcus 6.48x105/g and finally for yeast and moulds 9.04x10⁵ /g. It was seen that microbiological quality of Civil Cheese was not very good. Civil cheese has a potantial risk for public health.

A Study on Processes of Some Hacmatologieal Parameters in Growing Male and Female Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

Ercan Keskin, Zafer Durgun, Mehmet Kocabatmaz — 1995-04-01

The aim of this work was to evaluate some haomatological parameters in growing male and female quails. Thirty five male and 35 female, 1 to 8 week-aged Japanese quails were used in this study, Haematological examination were carried out in 5 male and 5 female quails at 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd 4 th, 5 th, 6 th and 8 th week of ages The red blood cell (RBC) counts, haemoglobine amounts (Hb) and hematocrit values (PCV)) in both groups increased significantly with increased age (P< 0.05). The RBC, Hb and PCV were found higher in male than female in all the age periods. The RBC was significantly higher in males (3.65X 10⁶ ) than females (3,28x 10⁶ ) at 8 week of age (P<0.05). The white blood cell (WBC) and thrombocyte counts did not show evidently changes, whereas WBC In females (24-28x 10³ ) were found slightly higher than males (21 -26 x 10³ ) at all weeks, In the percentage of leucocyte types were not determined any differences between sexes during eight weeks and the lymphocyte percentages (57-70%) were drastically higher than heterophils (24-36%) in both groups. There was no differences between sexes in respect to the blood cell sizes where as RBC sizes were bigger in females than males at either 1 st and 8 th weeks. On the other hand, in sizes of thrombocyte and leucocyte types in both groups were not determined diflerences between 1 st and 8 th weeks, but RBC sizes at 8 th week in both groups decreased significantly as compared with 1st week (P<0.05). Plasma glucose, cholesterol and total protein levels in both sexes increased gradually until 8 th week and plasma glucose level in males and plasma total protein level in female were higher, without differences between sexes in all ages.

Determination of Cyanide and Thiocyanate Levels in Blood and Ürine in Mice Given SNP

İbrahim Pirinçci, Sadettin Tanyıldızı, Ahmet Ateşşahin, Songül Özaydın — 1995-04-01

In this study, cyanide and thiocyanate levels in blood and ürine samples optained from mice which were injected different doses sodium nitroprusside, were determined. The cyanide and thiocyanate levels in the blood and ürine samples were colorimetrically established oxidation of cyanide and thiocyanate by bromine water and coupling of pyridine-benzidine solution. The cyanide levels in blood and ürine respectively, arrived the maximum levels at 40 min. and 8 h. The thiocyanate levels in ürine of this animals arrived the maximum levels at 48 h. The thiocyanate levels decreased at the small portion after 96 h. and were the same levels for several days. The thiocyanate levels in blood arrived the maximum levels at 80 min and were the same levels for several days.

The Using of byproducts of Oil Industry in Broiler Diets

Tahir Balevi, Behiç Coşkun, Abdurrahman Aktümsek — 1995-04-01

Totaly, 184 broiler chicks were used in this investigation in which the availability ot by-products of oil industry in broiler rations was investigated. The growth performance, weight of carcass and abdominal fat and amounts of fatty acids in abdominal fat ol broilers fed diets consisting 5 % sunflower crude oil, sunflower soapstock, acidulated sunflower soapstock and volatile matters were determined. The trial was lasted in 49 days. The highest feed consumption and feed efficiency values were determined in broiler group fed acidulated soapstock. The lowest feed consumption and the highest average live weight values were found in the group fed the diet containing sunflower crude oil. It was concluded that the use of by-products of oil industry in broiler diets as energy source will use without any harmful effect on broiler performance and contain more omega-3 fatty acids which is very important for human health.

Effect of Onion Oil on Some Haematological Parameters in Dogs with Experimentally Induced Hypercholesterolemia

Ercan Keskin, Zafer Durgun, Mehmet Kocabatmaz, Abdullah Eryavuz — 1995-04-01

Eight dogs, 8-10 months aged, were used in the investigation. The dogs were divided into two equal groups as control and experimental. Both groups were ted diet containing 0.2% cholesterol tor 16 days. At 10 th. day of this period, plasma cholesterol levels were incereased four times to begining of this period in both groups. The increases in cholesterol levels in both groups caused no roughness in erytrocytes surface. After 10 th. day of 16 day period, experimental group received daily 50µl of onion oil with 200 g of ground meat addi-ton to cholesterol-supplemented diet whereas control group continued feeding chotesterol-suptemenied diel and 200 g of ground meat tor six days At the 5 th. and 6 th. days ol period of onion od administration (15 th. and 16 th. days of total period). Plasma cholesterol levels in experimental group decreased slightly higher than control group and before onion oil administation, while plasma glucose level decreased significantly as compared to before onion oil administration and the same sampling time of control group (P<0,05). In the study, before and after hypercholesterolemia and after onion oil administration, it was not determined suiting changes in respect of erythrocytes, leucocytes counts, haemoglobine amount and haemaaocrit values in both groups and between groups.

Effects of Invitro Onion Oil Administration on Plasma Cholesterol and Glucose Levels and Some Haematological Parameters

Zafer Durgun, Ercan Keskin, Ali Muhtar Tiftik, Tufan Keçeci, Seyfullah Haliloğlu — 1995-04-01

In this study, ten dogs, 6-8 months aged, were used. All dogs were fed normal diet plus cholesterol powder for ten days. At the end of the period, the means plasma cholesterol levels increased from 64. 60 to 230. 20 mg/ dl. Hypercholesterolemia didn't cause deformation in erytrocytes shapes. Then, ten blood samples taken from all the dogs were divided equally into two groups as control and experimental. Two hours after as in vitro 0. 2 µl of onion oil addition to each 10 ml of blood sample in experimental group, plasma cholesterol levels in experimental and control groups decreased from 238. 20, 180. 40 and 171. 60 mg/dl respectively. Plasma glucose levels in experimental group decreased significatly as compared to control group after onion oil administration (P<0. 05). After in vitro onion oil administration to experimental group, erytrocytes shapes showed deformation and crenation due to Heinz body formation resulting obviously falling in erytrocytes count, haemoglobine amount and haematocrit values in comparison with control group. Consequently, in this investigation, it was determined that onion oil had no effect on plasma cholesterol levels whereas reduced plasma glucose levels and had haemolytic effect on erytrocytes.

A Survey of Pathological Conditions of the Genital Tracts of Ewes II. Uterus,Cervix and Vagina

Metin Münir Kıran, Hüdaverdi Erer, M. Kemal Çiftçi, Fatih Hatipoğlu — 1995-04-01

In the present study, the pathological conditions of uterus, cervix and vagina of 4370 ewes slaughtered at Konya abattoirs were examined. As a result of these investigations, in 153 cases (3. 5 %) uterus, in 46 cases (1. 1 %) cervix and in 17 cases (0. 4 %) vagina showed some pathological conditions. Among the uterine abnormalities, the largest group of lesions was inflammatory changes. In the uterus, the following conditions were recorded; catarrhal endometritis (0. 39%), purulent endometritis (0. 34%), pyometra (0. 04%), necrotic endometritis (0. 04%), chronic nonpurulent endometritis (0. 92%), granulomatous endometritis (0. 12%), parametritis (0. 48%), hydrometra (0. 39%), glandular hyperplasia (0. 16%), melanosis (0. 67%) and uterus unicornis (0. 25%). Inflammation of the cervix was found in 28 cases (0. 64 %) and, in the 22 of these, cervicitis was accompanied with endometritis. Other changes including metaplasia (0. 32%) and abscess of cervical serosa (0. 16 %) were also recorded. The vaginal lesions were vaginitis (0. 3 %), cystic gartner ducts (0. 04%) and abscess of vaginal serosa (0. 07 %).

Polymelia Case in an Awassi Lamb

Yılmaz Koç, Sırrı Avki, Fahrettin Alkan — 1995-04-01

In Ihis case report; polymelia abnormality which was seen in a male and live months old Awassi lamb was described. The abnormality that commonly caused by hereditary lactors can be observed in different configurations and shapes. The case was treated surgically.

Production of Aflatoxin on Wheat, Corn, Rice and Peanut

Ömer Demet, Halis Oğuz, İlhami Çelik, Hasan Adıgüzel — 1995-04-01

In this study, the production of aflatoxin at a grade appropriate for dietary aflatoxin feeding studies were performed under our laboratory conditions. After sporulation Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 strain in the tubes containing Patato Dextrose Agar (Merck}, the spores were removed by washings with 0.005 % Triton X-100 (Merck) and an enriched suspensions of spores were obtained, following determination of the spore numbers in per ml ol suspension, the suspension was used the inoculate the sterilized substrate (wheat, corn, rice and peanut) in erlenmeyer flasks and after inoculation the flasks were into an incubator for fermentation at 28 °C. Toplam twelve erlenmeyer flasks each having three ones for each substrate were fermented. At the end of the live days fermentation aflatoxin levels of the flasks were the determined by Fluorescence Spectrophotometry. Aflatoxin levels were measured as mg/ kg substrate (ppm) as follows: 71.88 for wheat (72,55 % B₁ , 11.31 % B₂ , 11.28 % G₁ and 4.86 % G₂ ); 48.14 for corn (78.84 % B₁ , 7.45 % B₂ , 10.85 % G₁ and 2.86 % G₂ ); 63.64 for rice (83.06 % B₁ , 12.98 % B₂ . 2.84 % G₁ and 1.12 % G₂ ); and 14.65 for peanut (84.02 % B₁ , 8.82% B₂ , 5.01 %G₁ and 2.15 %G₂ ).

Incidence and Pathology of Hydatid Disease of the Kidney in Sheep

Hüdaverdi Erer, Fatih Hatipoğlu — 1995-04-01

This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and pathology o! hydatid disease of the kidney of sheep which slaughtered at Konya abattoirs. For this purpose, the kidneys ot 10. 000 sheep from different breeds were examined. As a result of these examinations 29 sheep (0. 28 %) ( 3 male, 26 female) had had hydatic cysts. These cysts were observed in left (16 cases), right (11 cases) and bilateral (2 cases) locations. Out of these 29 cases, the pattern of cysts was seen as calcified nodules in 4 cases (13. 8 %), unilocular in 22 cases (75. 9 %) and muttyc-ystic in 3 cases (10. 3 %).

Macroanatomic Investigations on the Intrarenal Segmentation of the Renal Artery in Mongrel Dog

Kadir Aslan — 1995-04-01

Arterial segments of fifteen mongrel dog kidneys were studied by preparing corrosion casts with the help of Takilon. The arterial system of the kidney in the mongrel dog is clearly divided into the dorsal and ventral vascular area vascularized by the dorsal and ventral branch. The borders of these two areas correspond to the horizontal plane wich divides the kidney into two almost identical and fully independent halves. The anastomoses between the interlobar arteries of the same vascular area or anastomoses between the dorsal and ventral branch have not been noticed. Each dorsal and ventral ramus in its intrarenal course divided into inter lobar, arcuate and interlobular branch, respectively. Dorsal branch gived off 6.3 arteria interlobares and ventral branch gived rise to 6.1 arteria interlobares on avarage.

Macroanatomical Investigations on the Duet System of the Pancreas in Dogs

Sadettin Tıpırdamaz — 1995-04-01

In this study; the number, courses, anastomoses and openings orificies into duodenum of canine pancreatic duct system macroscopically investigated in different ages and sex. In this purpose, twelve dogs were used as a material. Nine of twelve canine pancreas had two ducts pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct. It was observed that two ducts entered to duodenum seperately. One of twelve canine pancreas didn't have pancreatic duct, only accessory pancreatic duct was seen. Accessory pancreatic dua consitsts of one from the left limb of pancreas, right limb of pancreas was observed do drain by the pancreatic duct. It was determine that one pancreas found with three duedonal orifices in dogs.