Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2012; 28(3)

Comparison of ELISA and intradermal skin test in atopy suspected dogs

Sibel Yasa Duru, Mehmet Şahal — 2012-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine whether application of ELISA and IDT to atopy suspected dogs give the same results using same allergens. In addition, determination of the most common allergens, dog breeds predisposed to atopy, age and gender of atopic dogs was aimed in Turkey. Materials and Methods: IDT applied to the most common allergens in the atopy suspected dogs according to the history and clinical symptoms. The blood samples, which are collected same dogs, determined level of asp IgE against the same allergens by ELISA. Results: ELISA and IDT were performed on 30 dogs (18 male and 12 female, 8 months and 9 years old) with suspected atopic dermatitis. Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus, Tyrophagus spp. and Acarus siro were most frequent in both tests, but male dogs (60%) were more effected than the female dogs (40%). Boxer and Terrier dogs were found to be predisposing to predilection of atopic dermatitis. In generally age of the dogs with AD ranged from 1 to 3 years old. Conclusion: Similar results can be obtained from ELISA and IDT, when the same allergens were used. But the severity of the results may be different and more questionable reaction can be observed with ELISA.

The effectiveness of inactive Arcanobacterium pyogenes vaccines in mice

2012-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of inactivated Arcanobacterium pyogenes vaccines adjuvanted with mineral oil (MO) and aluminum hydroxide + ginseng [Al(OH3) + G] in mice. Materials and Methods: Inactive A. pyogenes vaccines were subcutaneously administered to mice twice at 3 weeks intervals. Mice were subcutaneously challenged with live A. pyogenes according to LD50 at 15th day after second vaccination. Mice were observed for mortality and morbidity during 20 days. Death animals were necropsied and microbiological examination were made from internal organs (liver, spleen, lungs, heart and kidney). Blood samples were collected before vaccination and at 15th day after vaccination. The titers of antibodies against A. pyogenes in serum samples were detected by using self-made modified Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Levels of antibodies in sera of vaccinated animals were significantly higher than the controls. While no mortality and morbidity were observed in vaccinated and challenged mice, both morbidity and mortality were determined in non-vaccinated mice. Conclusion: Inactive A. pyogenes vaccines prepared from local A. pyogenes strain was found to be useful to protect mice from the infection of A. pyogenes.

Prevalence and pathologic study of Eimeria cameli in slaughtered camels

Reza Kheirandish, Saeid R. Nourollahi-Fard, Zahra Faryabi — 2012-09-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine Eimeria infection in slaughtered camel and describe the gross and histopathologic lesions caused by Eimeria species in the intestinal tract. Materials and Methods: Slaughtered 100 camels (68 males, 32 females, 6 months to 8 years, Kerman) were investigated for the presence of Eimeria parasites microscopically in intestinal tracts. Camels were classified into 3 groups according to the age (<2 years, 2-4 years, >4 years) and sex (male, female). The prevalence of Eimeria spp. infection and the intensity of faecal oocysts were determined using floatation and sporulation techniques. Tissue samples were taken from the intestinal tracts and then fixed in 10% buffered formalin. They were processed and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5 μm thickness were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Eimeria cameli were found in 29 (29%) of the 100 camels. Sex and age of camels did not have significant (p>0.05) effect on prevalence. Microscopic examination revealed eosinophilic enteritis and existence of developmental stages of the parasite such as giant schizonts, microgamont, macrogametocytes, and oocysts in the lacteals of lamina propria and in the epithelium of Lieberkuhn glands. Conclusion: Eimeria cameli infection is prevalent in camels in the south-eastern part of Iran and the evaluation of infection potential can be useful when considering control programs.

Serological investigation of Maedi-Visna Virus infection in sheep in Konya region

Sibel Yavru, Atilla Şimşek, Oya Bulut, Mehmet Kale — 2012-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was purposed detecting of presence and seroprevalence of Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) infection of sheep in private flocks in Konya. Materials and Methods: Blood serum samples taken from sheep (different race, age and sex) in Konya and the surrounding in the private sheep farms were used. Samples obtained from flocks analyzed by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) for determine the presence of antibodies against MVV. Results: Thirty nine (2.90%) of 1343 sheep blood serum were found to be positive for the presence of MVV antibodies. Seropositivity rates of flocks were determinated between 0.85-13.33%. When the results were analyzed by race: Seropositivities for Akkaraman and Morkaraman as follows: 36 (2.68%) and 3 (0.22%), respectively. Seropositivity rates by gender were evaluated to be 33 females (2.45%) and 6 males (0.44%). Thirty of 33 seropositive females were Akkaraman and 3 were Morkaraman. Six seropositive males were determined as Akkaraman. Ranges of ages of 39 seropositive sheep were about between 1-2.5 years old. Conclusion: The seroprevalence detected in this study was lower than that in other countries.

The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or human chorionic gonadotropin administration at mating on lambing performance in Konya Merino yearling ewes

Mehmet Köse,, Ahmet Hamdi Aktaş, Mesut Kırbaş, Bülent Bülbül — 2012-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) application at mating on lambing performance in synchronization and following cycle in Konya Merino yearling ewes. Materials and Methods: Thirty six yearling Merino ewes, aging 16-20 months, were used as material. Estrus of ewes was synchronized with 4 μg GnRH on d 0 and 150 μg prostaglandinF2α (PGF2α) on day 5, intramuscularly. After PGF2α injection, the ewes detected to be in estrus were mated with a ram, whose fertility was known previously, and they were divided into three groups. Group I (n=14) were injected 200 IU hCG, Group II (n=12) were injected 4 μg GnRH, and Group III (control group, n=10) were injected 1 mL placebo at mating. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 30 by using transrectal ultrasonography. Results: In the present study, pregnancy, birth, twinning rate and lambing performance were 85.71%, 85.71%, 33.3% and 1.14 in hCG group, 75.0%, 66.67%, 12.5%, and 0.75 in GnRH group, and 100%, 80%, 37.5% and 1.10 in control group, respectively. There was no significant difference among groups for lambing performance and studied reproductive parameters (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the injection of GnRH or hCG in Merino ewes at mating was not effective on lambing performance.

Quinolone antibiotic residues in raw milk and chicken liver in Konya

Ferhan Nizamlıoğlu, Hasan Aydın — 2012-09-01

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of quinolone antibiotic residues (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, flumequin, sarafloxacin and oxolinic acid) in raw milk and chicken liver samples in Konya. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 samples, including 50 raw milk and 50 chicken liver samples, were examined for quinolone antibiotics. The samples were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening method. Results: Of the 50 chicken liver samples analyzed for residues of quinolone, 17 (34%) were positive and in one of them the value (147.88 μg/kg) was above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The mean contamination level was 47.5 μg/kg. None of the milk samples were found to be positive for quinolone residues. Conclusion: All of the analyzed samples except one showed the presence of quinolone residues below the MRLs established by European Union (EU) and Turkish Legislation. So that obtained results from analysis of milk and chicken liver samples were considered to be a positive sign in terms of food safety. Also these analyses are performed as routine according to the National Residue Monitoring Plan of the Republic of Turkey. Therefore, routine drug residues surveillance and monitoring programs in edible animal products like milk, meat and eggs should be continued to ensure food safety in the country.

Investigation of some heavy metal presence in the milk of cattle

Gülçin Algan, O. Cenap Tekinşen, Veli Gök — 2012-09-01

Aim: There was no enough research about the presence of heavy metals in the milk a source of important nutrients. In this study, some heavy metal existence was investigated in the milk obtained from Konya region. Materials and Methods: Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) levels of 61 milk samples obtained from 19 places in Konya region were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Results: Average lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium and zinc levels were 0.0000001, 0.0000388, 0.0000839, 0.0000331 and 0.0026681 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: Determined lead, cadmium, selenium, zinc and arsenic levels are much below the maximum levels recommended by Joint Food Codex. These levels are not a threat against human health and the contamination risk for dairy cattle is not high. Further research needs to be conducted by taking more samples and studying more element types.

Heavy metal levels of drinking water in Bitlis province

Tahir Kahraman, Süleyman Alemdar, Mustafa Alişarlı, Sema Ağaoğlu — 2012-09-01

Aim: This study was conducted to detect some heavy metal levels of drinking water in Bitlis city. Materials and Methods: A total of 164 water samples, collected from the tank and tap water of Bitlis and its provinces in autumn and spring were used as material. Element analysis (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co) was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: According to the results, the mean levels of Fe (6.67 μg/L), Mn (3.88 μg/L), Cu (7.52 μg/L), Zn (28.2 μg/L) and Cd (2.58 μg/L) were found to be in conformity with the drinking water standards. However, the mean levels of Pb (spring: 68.4 μg/L; autumn: 47.0 μg/L) and Co (spring: 44.2 μg/L; autumn: 11.9 μg/L) in both seasons, and Ni levels only in spring (40.1 μg/L) were higher than the related regulations. The effects of season on Fe, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co levels were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the overall situation of the region and research findings, it is very important to the protection of existing water sources and routinely run water quality analysis, especially in drinking water in terms of public health.

Is frozen taxidermy an alternative method for demonstration of dermatopaties?

Beste Demirci, Murat Erdem Gültiken, Mehmet Önder Karayiğit, Kerem Atalar — 2012-09-01

Taxidermy is one of the preservation techniques for mummification for centuries. In the present case, frozen taxidermy was performed on the calf with ichthyosis foetalis that is not a common disease in our country. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate this simple and inexpensive technique is able to use to preserve dermatopathic bodies. The calf with ichthyosis foetalis was prepared for dehydration and saved in the cold weather at -5 0C store for six months. After the taxidermy was thawed at room temperature, it was investigated for histo-pathologically and microbiologically. Finally, the disappeared hyperaemic areas were stained to imitate post-mortem appearance. The results revealed that hyperaemic areas were disappeared after frozen taxidermy and the skin was become though like a bark and its appearance was natural. The microbiological results showed that there was no pathogenic bacterial growth except for a few saprophyte bacilli. It is concluded that didactical embalming could be performed to demonstrate dermatophaties with the technique that does not require any chemical application.

A macro-anatomic study of white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) hearts

Atila Yoldaş, M. Orhun Dayan — 2012-09-01

The aim of this study is to reveal the macroanatomy of the heart valves of the 5 white pelicans. The left atrioventricular valve consists of one septal and two parietal leaves (cuspis). The left atroventricular valve having a muscular structure was attached to the parietal face of the atrioventricular orifice and its free edge, flapped into the right ventricle, was fixed to the septum by a short left septal attachment, and gave attachment to rough parietal wall of the ventricle by a thick muscular stalk. The rectangle shaped valves of the right atrioventricular ventricle had chordae tendineae-likestructures near the septal edge of the valve and external wall, whose free edges were linked to the ventricle wall by chordae tendineae. The aortic orifice is encircled by the aortic valve, composed of three semilunar cusps; right, left and septal. The pulmonary valve consists of three cusps. In all examined materials, the semilunar cusps in the central part of the free margin of each cusp had the semilunar valve nodules. The minor anatomic changes observed in this work may be resulted from differences of species.

Uterine prolapse in a Pointer bitch

Ali Reha Ağaoğlu, Mesih Kocamüftüoğlu, Yunus Çetin, Mehmet Timuçin Çelik — 2012-09-01

A case of uterine prolapse in a 2-year-old Pointer bitch, which is an uncommon occurrence, is described. The bitch was presented with a history of recent parturition, with delivery of a huge dead puppy. Everted mass was discoloured, oedematous. There were some necrotic areas on the everted tissue. The bitch was presented in good physical condition. Ovariohysterectomy was performed as a purpose of treatment. During laparotomy, it was found that both of uterine horns were invaginated in to the uterine body and cervix uteri.