Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2013; 29(4)

Volumetric analysis of the total and subcomponents of the chinchilla kidneys

Esra Başaran, Murat Sırrı Akosman, Aysun Çevik Demirkan — 2013-12-01

Aim: It is critically important to know the volume of the kidneys, which are vital for the body, in order to use the volume data for the treatment or to contribute to other studies. Thus present study aimed to estimate the total and subcomponent volume of the kidney in the chinchilla. Materials and Methods: The present study was estimated the total and subcomponents volume of left and right kidneys of five male and five female adult chinchillas. The kidneys' total volume was measured by both Archimedean Principle and Cavalieri method while the volumes of the subcomponents were estimated by Cavalieri method. All estimated parameters were compared by statistically. Results: The mean volume of the kidneys' was estimated as 1.11 cm³ for males and 0.94 cm³ for females by Archimedean principle. However it was 0.97 cm³ for males and 0.84 cm³ for females by Cavalieri method. The volume fractions of the kidney cortex, medulla and pelvis were 71%, 26%, 3% for the male and 71%, 27%, 2% for the female, respectively. Moreover all parameters such as weight, volume and volume fractions were statistically evaluated and no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the right and left kidneys and between the genders. Conclusion: The total volume of the kidney could be estimated by both Archimadean principle and Cavalieri method. However, the volume of the subcomponents in the kidney could only be estimated by Cavalieri method. Actually, total and subcomponent volume estimations of the kidney will contribute the findings of the experimental studies. It was concluded that this stereological study could provide a valuable contribution to future studies performed on kidney.

Evaluation of serum concentration of cardiac troponin I in normal racing thoroughbred horses

2013-12-01

Aim: Evaluation of serum concentration of cardiac troponin I in racing thoroughbred horses. Materials and Methods: Serum concentration of troponin I was measured in 49 clinically healthy thoroughbred horses using commercial ELISA detection kits. Results: The mean serum concentrations of troponin I was 0.504±0.083 ng/mL (<0.2-1.7 ng/mL), and the median of serum cTnI was <0.2 ng/mL, which was the lower limit of detection. Conclusions: The serum concentration of troponin I measured in horse in Iran was partially different from those of other studies.

Protective effects of vitamin E in experimentally induced rhabdomyolysis

Javad Tajik, Reza Kheirandish, Hamideh Rohani, Shima Abbasi — 2013-12-01

Aim: Evaluation of the protective effects of vitamin E administration in a rat model of rhabdomyolysis. Material and Method: Twenty one rats were divided to three equal groups; control (Group 1), glycerol (50% glycerol, 7 mL/kg, IM) and glycerol (50% glycerol, 7 mL/kg, IM) + Vitamin E (100 mg/kg, IP, SID). Ninety-six hours after glycerol injection, blood samples were collected. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured. Histopathologic pattern of hepatic and renal tissue damages was also evaluated. Results: Glycerol + vitamin E groups had lower (P<0.05) creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase levels than the glycerol group, and the administration of vitamin E caused lesser renal tubular damages in glycerol + vitamin E group rather than in glycerol group. Conclusions: Vitamin E administration may decrease the muscle injury and renal damage in rhabdomyolysis cases.

Retrospective evaluation of canine neoplasms in Konya region between 2006 and 2010

Semih Altan, Fahrettin Alkan, Yılmaz Koç, Özgür Özdemir, Orhan Yavuz — 2013-12-01

Aim: It was conducted that a retrospective evaluation of cases diagnosed as neoplasms according to operative, clinical, histopathological and radiological examinations in 58 dogs that were examined at University Animal Hospital between 2006 and 2010. Materials and Methods: The tumoral cases had been evaluated according to race, gender, age of dogs, characteristics and location of the neoplasms, and applications of treatment. Results: Surgical treatment was applied in 48.3% of the cases, chemotherapy was applied in 20.7%, both surgical treatment and chemotherapy were applied in 5.2% of cases, and levamisole and/or autovaccination were aplied 13.8% of cases. Euthanasia was applied in 12% of cases. Chemotherapy was used primarily on transmissible venereal tumors, and papillomatosis cases were treated with levamisole and autovaccination. Among the diagnosed neoplasms, 53.4% were benign and 46.6% were malignant. Conclusions: This retrospective evaluation revealed differences in the treatment methods and results of dog neoplasia in Konya region. Moreover, venereal tumors could be treated with chemotherapy (vincristine), while papillomas could be treated with levamisole and/or autovaccination.

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae at Turkish sucuk

Mukadderat Gökmen, Recep Kara, Levent Akkaya, Veli Gök — 2013-12-01

Aim: In this study, the species from Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae families have been identified in Turkish fermented sausages samples of five different corporations which are produced in Afyonkarahisar. Materials and Methods: Turkish fermented sausages of five different corporations which are produced in Afyonkarahisar were used as the material. In order for the calculation of Enterobacteriaceae, inoculation was made into Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar medium (ISO 21528-2 2004) and for the calculation of Staphylococcaceae Baird Parker Agar medium (FDA BAM, 2001) was used. Enterobacteriaceae were identified at species level with API- 20 E test kit (bioMérieux Inc API-20 E 2006). Staphylococcaceae were identified with APIStaph test kit (bioMérieux Inc API-Staph 2009). Results: Isolation and identification of Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae species in Turkish sausage flora were done. 90 Staphylococcus isolates were derived from the Turkish sausage samples in the research. S. aureus (12.94%), S. epidermidis (15.29%), S. simulans (12.94%) and S. carnosus (11.76%) from Staphylococcaceae family have been identified. 235 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Turkish sausage samples were identified at the species level as Citrobacter diversus (5.96%), Enterobacter sazazaki (11.91%), Enterobacter gergoviae (17.87%), Klepsiella ozaerae (6.38%), Salmonella arizonae (6.38%), Salmonella spp. (8.94%), Escherichia coli (8.94%), Serratia marcescens (6.81%), Serratia liquefaciens (6.38%) and Yersinia enterocolitica (4.26%). Conclusion: S. simulans from Staphylococcaceae family which can be used as a starter culture has been found in Turkish sausages for the first time. Pathogenic bacterium species from Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families determined in Turkish sausages indicate a risk for food safety and public health.

Effect of feeding at different levels of single or twin pregnant Konya Merino ewes on the live weights, body condition of ewes and growth of lambs

Ahmet Hamdi Aktaş, Mehmet Gürkan, Hüseyin Erdem — 2013-12-01

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of feeding with ratios containing different nutrient levels of single or twin pregnant ewes during the last gestation on the live weights (LW), body conditions of Konya Merino ewes and growth and survival rate of lambs until weaning. Materials and Methods: For this aim, first, 120 ewes were synchronized with hormone at mating season (September) and mated. After pregnancy statuses of ewes were determined via ultrasound imaging, 54 single and 54 twin pregnant ewes were separated 6 subgroups (3 singles, 3 twins). After, this ewes were fed until birth with 6 different rations (containing different nutrients levels) according to daily nutrient requirement of NRC (100%), below (80%) or above (120%) as groups during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. Results: In the study, the differences between live weights and body condition scores of ewes before birth were significant (P<0.05). When examined the live weights of lambs born from ewes fed different level during the last pregnancy, differences between the single and twin groups were significant (P<0.05). But, when singles and twins were analysed separately, differences between the groups were not (P>0.05) significant. Also, survival rates of lambs until weaning insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that feeding of Konya Merino ewes during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy with ration about 80% of the level of daily nutrient requirements recommended by NRC may be sufficient for optimal growth of lambs until weaning.

Antibody responses against foot-and-mouth disease vaccine differ between the sexes in cattle

Murat Şevik — 2013-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex on the humoral immune response induced in cattle by vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMVD). Materials and Methods: Cattle (n=252) were classified into six groups according to the age (0-11 months, 12-35 months, and >35 months) and sex (male-female). Animals in each group were vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted bivalent vaccine (O₁ Manisa, A₂₂ Iraq FMDV strains). Solid-phase competitive ELISA was used to measure antibodies produced in vaccinated cattle. Results: Serotype O antibody was detected in 86 (68.2%) and serotype A antibody in 90 (71.4%) of 126 male sera. In female animals, serotype O antibody was detected in 106 (84.1%) and serotype A antibody in 112 (88.8%) of 126 sera. Protective level of antibody against serotype O was detected in 89 (70.6%) and serotype A in 98 (77.7%) of 126 female sera. Protective level of antibody against serotype O antibody was detected in 67 (53.1%) and serotype A in 81 (64.2%) of 126 male sera. The differences between the level of protective antibody against both serotype O (P=0.0063) and serotype A (P=0.0259) in female and male animals were statistically significant. Conclusions: Results showed that female animals vaccinated with oil-adjuvanted bivalent vaccine (containing O₁ Manisa, A₂₂ Iraq FMDV strains) had higher antibody responses than male animals. In order to elucidate difference between immune response of male and female animals to FMD vaccination more studies are needed.

An anatomical aspect on masseteric muscles in cattle rabies by Real-Time PCR

Atilla Yoldaş, Ramazan İlgün, Nevin Tuzcu, Akın Yığın, Erdal Özmen — 2013-12-01

Aim: In this case, the anatomical pathways on masticatory muscles of cattle infected rabies virüs have been determined by Real Time PCR (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods: A 1.5-year old male Brown Swiss cattle which was bitten in face by dog was used. The cattle was died 15 days post exposure to the dog rabies suspected. The areas where the tissue samples to taken. The origin, course and branches of the trigeminal nerve were exposed by standart dissection method. Rabies virus was investigated on 32 different parts of the cattle's head by means of TaqMan Probe-Based Real-Time PCR and FAT. Results: The rabies virus specific nucleic acid was detected in masseter muscles motor nerves; N. mandibularis branch of N. trigeminus, N. masticatorius, motor leaf of N. mandibularis, N. massetericus and Nn. temporalis profunda which are two extra branches of N. masticatorius, unilaterally ganglion trigeminale, and pons by Real Time-PCR. However, no rabies virus has been detected in the samples obtained from other different parts of the brain. Conclusion: Contrary to immunohistochemical methods, it is not possible to trace neuronal connections across synapses within the brain. RT-PCR method could be helpful to detect pathways of the neurotropic agents suspected cattle.

Plasma biochemical values in sheep with foot and mouth disease

Oğuzhan Avcı, Sibel Yavru, Oya Bulut — 2013-12-01

Aim: The aim of this research was determine the changes in plasma biochemical values of sheep with foot and mouth disease (FMD). Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from Akkaraman sheep with FMD (n=6) and healthy (n=6, control), later plasma samples were extracted. Plasma cardiac (Creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin) and renal damage (Creatine, blood urea nitrogen) markers, lipid metabolism products (Cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein), and phosphor levels were measured with auto-analyzer. Results: Alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein levels of control group were statistically significant (P<0.05) from sheep with FMD. Conclusion: It may be stated that FMD do not cause seriously damages at cardiac, hepatic, renal, fluid-electrolyte, and lipid metabolism parameters in adult sheep because of measured values determined statistically significant within the healthy sheep parameters.

Pulmonary nocardiosis in a fat-tailed sheep

Reza Kheirandish, Masoud Sami, Reza Ghanbarpour, Soodeh Alidadi — 2013-12-01

Nocardia spp. are known as causes of bovine mastitis, pneumonia, cutaneous or subcutaneous abscesses and disseminated disease. Pulmonary infection by Nocardia spp. was diagnosed in a sheep. Grossly, the animal had multiple white, firm, and small nodules in the lung. Microscopically, the nodules consisted of foci of pyogranulomatous inflammation with the presence of macrophages, multinucleated (langhans- type) giant cells and eosinophilic amorphous material with rosette-shape configurations (Splendore-Hoeppli reaction). Tissue samples of the lung were streaked onto bovine blood agar, incubated at 37 oC for 48-72 hours under aerobic condition, and stained with Gram and modified Zeihl-Neelsen staining. Bacteriological investigations confirmed numerous thin, gram-positive, beaded, branching, filamentous and nonacid fast organisms. Finally, on the basis of characteristic gross, histopathological and bacteriological findings pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed, and this is the first reported case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a sheep in Iran.