Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2014; 30(3)

Traditional milking method: Koşana koşma

Aşkın Yaşar, Çağrı Çağlar Sinmez, Gökhan Aslım — 2014-09-01

Aim: In this research it has been purposed to evaluate tend to forget this tradition by reaching about data of the milking method named “koşana koşma” that exercised sheep in Konya Section of Central Anatolia Region. Materials and Methods: Material of study was created by nine source persons who are folk medicine practitioners, animal owners and animal husbandry of people lives in Konya Section of Central Anatolia. To collect data in “koşana koşma” application consists of questions “the information collection form” was used. The data obtained in written, oral and visual recording was evaluated by. Results: On study has determined milking twice a day by this method which sheep have by tied nodes which solving easily with a special rope, face to face each one of them along the line, name is “koşana koşma”, it has observed the sheep milking place is “koşan yeri”, the rope which is tied them, “koşan örmesi”, koşan is a occurred by average 50-60 milking sheep, in a village or grassland opened area. Conclusions: As a consequence, take a place in samples which are reflected Turkish public cultural richness, “koşana koşma”, that traditional milking method taken cultural legacy compass, necessity can be asserted, with “koşana koşma” method, milking process getting easier, easily determined sheep that milking labor and costs decreased so profitable animal husbandry could be supplied also lately years important size of sheep were declined.

Distribution and density of mast cells in the bovine reproductive tract during the follicular and luteal phases

Berna Güney Saruhan, Hakan Sağsöz, M. Erdem Akbalık — 2014-09-01

Aim: Female sex hormones have long been suspected to have an effect on mast cell (MC) behavior. Based on this idea, we determined MC content in reproductive tract throughout the estrus cycle by using histochemical techniques. Materials and Methods: Genital tracts of 23 healthy cows were collected from a local slaughterhouse. The animals were classified into two groups as follicular phase (n=13) and luteal phase (n=10). The tissue samples were taken and fixed in formaldehyde- alcohol solution (FA). Then, histological sections of 5-6 μm thickness were prepared and stained by toluidin blue and alcian blue/safranin O methods. Results: Mast cells (MCs) demonstrated metachromatic staining properties with toluidine blue. MCs were not observed in the follicle of theca interna, and corpus luteum of the ovary and, surface epithelium of the reproductive organs. MCs generally associated with blood vessels in all samples. Three types of cells, including AB() cells with blue cytoplasm, pink-red coloured SO (+) cells and blue-pink coloured AB/SO(+) cells were indicated by AB/SO staining in the reproductive organs. There was a difference in the number of MCs between the follicular and luteal phases of the estrus cycle (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed histomorphometrical changes of mast cells in the bovine reproductive tract in both follicular and luteal phases of estrus cycle. We suggest that further studies related to structures and granular contents of MCs should be sustained in all parts of genital systems in order to understand possible roles of MCs in mechanisms of unknown causes of infertility.

The investigation of the prevalence of subclinical ketosis in Sivas region dairy cows

Onur Başbuğ, Yaşar Akar, Nazlı Ercan — 2014-09-01

Aim: In Turkey, there have been limited studies conducted to determine the prevalance of subclinical ketosis (SCK). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalance of SCK in Holstein dairy cattles of the commercial herds in Sivas province of Turkey and to define the relationship between serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and the glucose, albumin, total cholesterol concentrations which exist in gluconeogenesis. Materials and Methods: In this study, ranging in age from 3 to 6, dry period (n:40) and 1-8 weeks after birth found among the 160 head of Holstein cows were used. Blood samples were collected from animals which had been subject to systematically clinical examination. In detecting the cows with SCK, the threshold value was BHB levels ˃1.0 mmol/L. Serum glucose, albumin and total cholesterol levels of all cows were determined. Results: In Holstein cows of Sivas region the prevalance of subclinical ketosis is determined as 12%. It was seen that in those cows with SCK, blood BHB levels were higher during the early lactation and there was a negative correlation between blood glucose and total cholesterol level. Conclusions: Commercial which are high yielding dairy cows, high BHB levels are periodically determined, in order to take necessary precautions will be useful.

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus infection in goats

Rüstem Duman, Sibel Yavru, Atilla Şimşek, Oya Bulut, Oğuzhan Avcı — 2014-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to serologic investigation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection in goats in private goat farms of Konya region, and occurrence of infection in breed and sex differences were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: In the research, total 653 goats' blood serums (Central Konya, Cihanbeyli, Taşkent, Güneysınır, and Karapınar) obtained from 162 Angora goat and 491 hair goats were tested for antibodies against to CAEV by commercially available competitive-inhibition ELISA. Results: Eight (7.14%) Angora and 58 (15.72%) hair goats were detected as seropositive. There was no statistically significance (P>0.05) determined in the infection occurrence in the distinct, while statistically significance was determined (P<0.05) between breed and sex. Higher infection was determined in the Angora goats and female. Conclusions: In conclusion, it may be stated that existence of CAEV infection in Konya region is determined and periodically survey research is need for the determining of infection.

The effect of N-acetylcysteine on the treatment of clinical endometritis and pregnancy rate in dairy cows

Bunyamin Tras, Dursun A. Dinc, Kamil Uney — 2014-09-01

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the treatment of the clinical endometritis and pregnancy rate in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 36 cows with clinical signs of endometritis after VWP (voluntary waiting period, 50-60 days) on a commercial dairy farm. The clinical endometritis was diagnosed by evaluation of uterine discharge detected in the vagina. Cervical swab samples were collected to determine microorganism and the most effective antibacterial agent for the treatment. Cows were randomly allocated to NAC treatment (NAC-T) and non-NAC treatment (nNAC-T) groups. The NAC-T group (n=18) received an intrauterine infusion of amoxicillin trihydrate+potassium clavulanate (3500 mg+875 mg) in 100 mL dosages after 12 hours of an intrauterine infusion of 2% NAC during three days. Saline (total volume 100 mL) to the nNAC-T group (n=18) was given instead of NAC in the same protocol of the NAC-T group. The clinical cure rate was described as the percentage of cows with no signs of clinical endometritis (the clear or translucent mucus at vaginal examination), at the examination in first natural estrus following treatment. Animals were artificially inseminated following the first natural estrus after treatment. Results: The clinical cure (83.3%) and pregnancy rates (66.7%) in the NAC-T group were significantly higher than those (55.5% and 27.8%, respectively) of nNAC-T group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The usage of NAC for the treatment of the clinical endometritis in cows may increase the success of therapy and the improvement of pregnancy rate.

The effects of L-carnitine on blood and tissue parameters of male rats fed with different levels of fish oil

Halil Yavuz, Firuze Kurtoğlu — 2014-09-01

Aim: The effects of L-carnitine (300 mg/kg/day) treated intraperitoneally (i.p) to rats fed ration containing several proportions of fish oils for 30 days on plasma L-carnitine, lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), triglyceride, cholesterol, body weight; plasma-tissue antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels were investigated. Materials and Methods: Seventy two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Rats were divided into 6 groups as follows; 1-Control; 2-Fish oil (1%); 3-Fish oil (5%); 4-L-carnitine (300 mg/kg/day), 5-L-carnitine (300 mg/kg/day) plus fish oil (1%) 6-L-carnitine (300 mg/kg/day) plus fish oil (5%). All plasma and tissue parameters were determined by spectrophometric methods using commercial kits. Results: At the end of the experimental and washout period (day 30 and 60), the plasma carnitine concentrations were affected by carnitine administrations. Remarkable decreases in triglyceride and cholesterol values were obtained particularly at the end of day 60 in carnitine groups. LPO values were associated with significant differences between period and groups comparisons for carnitine administrations. The highest GSH values were obtained in group 4; CAT and SOD status in group 4 and 5. Conclusions: Extra-carnitine and fish oil additions may regulate plasma lipid profile and increase blood and tissue antioxidants, while LPO levels scan be display controlling effect by carnitine administration.

Investigation of PrP locus polymorphisms in some native Turkish sheep breeds

2014-09-01

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in codons 136, 154 and 171 of the PrP gene in native sheep breeds of Turkey. Materials and Methods: Sampling (n=175) was conducted from Akkaraman, Guney Karaman, Kangal Akkaraman, Daglic and Awassi breeds. Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard phenol/chloroform method. PrP region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allele genotypes were determined by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. General population parameters including allel numbers (Na), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) were calculated. Results: High level of A136R154Q171 genotype was observed in all populations. A136R154Q171, which is known as the most resistant genotype to scrapie, was observed at lower (0.175-0.313) frequencies. However, V136R154Q171, the most susceptible genotype to the disease, was not determined in all investigated breeds. All sheep population investigated in this study were found to be generally in R2 (resistant) and R3 (little resistant) risc categories described in National Scrapie Plan (NSP). Conclusions: It is critically important to consider PrP polymorphisms and increase frequencies of scrapie resistant genotypes in breeding of these breeds.

Epidemiological studies of fascioliasis (Fasciola gigantica) in black Bengal goats

2014-09-01

Aim: To investigate the epidemiology of fascioliasis in black Bengal goats of different ages, sexes and seasons. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological studies on fascioliasis of black Bengal goats were undertaken in such localities under different climatic conditions existing in Sylhet region of five different Upazilla. Goats were divided into young and adult groups. Rectal fecal samples from household and livers from slaughtered goats were collected randomly and examined by direct/and sedimentation techniques and grossly from July 2012 to June 2013. Results: A total of 1288 rectal fecal samples from household live and 2000 livers from slaughtered goats were examined of which 405 (31.75%) household and 202 (10.10%) slaughtered goats were found positive for Fasciola gigantica. The overall prevalence was 20.93%. It was noticed that prevalence of household was higher than slaughterhouse goat. The overall prevalence of fascioliasis was higher during rainy while lowest during summer season. The highest prevalence was recorded in young's. Moreover, the overall prevalence of fascioliasis in female's goats was more than males. Conclusions: Fascioliasis is highly prevalent in both household and slaughtered black Bengal goats in Bangladesh. Effective control and the strategic use of anthelmintics is need for the treatment of intensive fascioliasis in black Bengal goats.

Investigation on abortion mechanism of ovine sarcosporidiosis

Osman Selçuk Aldemir, Kamil Seyrek, Çiğdem Yenisey, Hasan Eren, Hakkı Ünlü — 2014-09-01

Aim: In this study, the relationship between the level of prostaglandin F2α and ovine sarcosproridiosis infection were investigated for abortion mechanism. Materials and Methods: Materials were collected at slaughterhouse of Aydın region. In order to identification of parasite, macroscopical and microscopical cysts were used for S. gigantea and S. arieticanis or S. tenella by the PCR and Modified Trypcine Technique. Also in order to determination of the level of prostaglandin F2α in blood samples were used the methods of enzimmunoassay using a commercial kit (EIA). Results: A total number of 114 sheep oesophageal muscle were found in 9 (7.89%) to be infected with Sarcocystis macroscopic cysts. Examinations of a total number of 114 sheep were found in 58 (55.23%) of the sheep with microscopic cyst. These microscopic cyst species corresponding values were as follows: 32 (30.47%), 17 (16.19%) and 9 (8.57%) for S. tenella, S. gigantae and S. arieticanis, respectively. In addition a total number of 114 sheep blood examinations were determined in 9 (7.89%) samples at 300 and 402 pg/mL, 47 (41.22%) samples at 200 to 300 pg/mL and 58 (50.87%) samples at 53-200 pg/mL ranging between the levels of prostaglandin F2α. The differences between groups were found statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: In this study were detected in different values of the level of prostaglandin F2α, when the relationship between the level of prostaglandin F2α and macrocyst and microcyst in the oesophageal muscle of sheep were assessed. In conclusion, the aborts formation in Sarcosporidiosis infection may be associated with prostaglandin F2α identified.

Gastro-intestinal helminths detected by fecal examination in stray dogs in the Konya province

Nermin Işık, Özlem Derinbay Ekici, Serkan İrfan Köse — 2014-09-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalance of gastro-intestinal helminths in stray dogs in Konya Municipality Animal Shelter, between January-March 2014. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 316 stool samples with different ages and sex were used as a material. Stool samples were examined by native, Fulleborn flotation and Benedek sedimentation methods in University of Selcuk, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology. Results: The overall prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites was 19.9%. Six types of helminth eggs (1 trematoda, 1 cestod and 4 nematodes) were identified in infected feces samples. The parasites species most frequently observed in stray dogs were Toxocara canis (13.9%) and Toxascaris leonina (6.9%). No statistically significant differences in prevalence occurred between other parasite species [Uncinaria stenocephala (0.6%), Ancylostoma caninum (0.3%), Dipylidium caninum (0.3%) and Taenia spp. (0.3%), (P>0.05)]. Infections with a single parasite species (17.4%) were common than were infections with multiple parasite species (2.5%). There was no significant difference in overall prevalence between male (38.9%) and female (31.7%) dogs (P>0.05). The study also indicated significant difference in dogs younger than 1 year of age (P<0.05). Conclusions: Zoonotic intestinal parasites in stray dogs such as Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis should be considered more seriously and it is necessary to take precautions against these infections.