Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2015; 31(1)

Architectural and functional features of muscles surrounding Regio cruris and Pedis in donkey

Yasin Demiraslan, Sami Özcan — 2015-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the architectural and functional features of the muscles in distal hindlimb of donkey. Materials and Methods: Totally 10 donkeys were used as material. The muscles, framing regio cruris and pedis of the donkeys, whose blood was drained under general anesthesia, were dissected. Therefore, the architectural and functional parameters were obtained from the muscles. Results: It was determined that m. flexor digitorum lateralis was the longest and m. gastrocnemius was the heaviest muscles surrounding regio cruris and pedis in the donkeys. When m. flexor digitorum lateralis was the most powerful muscle, m. gastrocnemius was the most powerful tendo in this region. In this study, statistical difference was detected between the sexes regarding the data of some muscles. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that long tendo, pennate, short-muscle fibre and small volume placed muscles were present on the regio cruris and pedis in the donkeys.

The effects of dietary supplementation of false flax (Camelina sativa L.) meal on performance, egg quality traits, and lipid peroxidation in laying quails

Tuba Bulbul, Elmas Ulutas — 2015-03-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the effects of false flax (Camelina sativa L.) meal supplementation to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality traits, and lipid peroxidation in serum and eggs. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 (160 females and 80 males) eight-week-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) divided into one control group and four treatment groups containing 48 quails. Each group was divided into four replicate groups each containing 12 quails. The control group was fed diet containing soybean meal basis without false flax meal (0% FFM). The FFM was used at level of 5% (FFM5), 10% (FFM10), 15% (FFM15), and 20% (FFM20) in treatment diets. The experimental period was lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that feed intake was lowest in the FFM15 and FFM20 groups (P<0.01). Final body weight (P<0.05) and egg production (P<0.01) decreased in the FFM15 and FFM20 groups compared with the control group. Egg yolk color index increased in the FFM20 group in the 4th week (P<0.001) and in all experimental groups in the 8th week (P<0.01). Dietary FFM supplementation did not affect initial body weight, egg weight, feed efficiency, egg shape index, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index or Haugh unit. The serum malondialdehyde level decreased (P<0.05) in the FFM10, FFM15, and FFM20 groups, while the serum antioxidant activity level increased (P<0.01) in all experimental groups compared with the control group. The egg yolk malondialdehyde level decreased in all experimental groups compared with the control group on the 1st (P<0.05) and 15th (P<0.001) days of storage. Conclusion: It may be stated that supplementation of up to 10% of FFM to diets prevents lipid peroxidation without adversely affect on the performance in laying quails.

Effects of ultrasound homogenisation on the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and levels of lipid peroxide in liver homogenates

Deniz S. Özdemir, Nuri Başpınar, Pınar P. Akalın — 2015-03-01

Aim: In this study, effects of ultrasound homogenisation (Sonication) technique on the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, levels of lipid peroxidation and total protein in liver homogenates were investigated. Materials and Methods: Postmortem healthy fresh calf liver was used as the material. Liver was sliced and grouped as mechanical homogenisation (2 min) and sonication group (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 second sonication). Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, levels of lipid peroxidation and total protein were measured in supernatant of homogenisated samples by spectrophotometric methods. Results: Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities and total protein levels in mechanical group were significantly different from sonication groups (P<0.05). In sonication groups, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were higher and catalase activity was lower from mechanical group (P<0.05). As regards glutathione peroxidase activity, 8 sec sonication group was the lowest compared to 2, 4, 6 (P>0.05) and 10 sec (P<0.05) groups whereas 8 sec catalase activity was the highest compared to other sonication groups (P<0.05). Total protein level was the lowest in 8 sec group compared to the other sonication groups which significant difference was determined in 2, 6 and 10 sec (P<0.05) groups. Lipid peroxidation level was the highest in 8 sec sonication group compared to other sonication groups with a significance in 2 sec group (P<0.05). Conclusions: In liver homogenates, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and total protein levels were significantly different between mechanical and ultrasound homogenisation groups. Sonication for 8 seconds suggested to be critical point.

Arthroscopy applications for diagnosis of stifle joint lesions of dogs

Mustafa Arıcan, Kurtuluş Parlak Fatma Satılmış — 2015-03-01

Aim: In this study, the use and evalutation of arthroscopy for diagnosis of stifle joint on common lesions in dogs were aimed . Material and Methods: Twenty eight of different breed, sex, age and weight of the dogs with lameness of right, left or both stifle were evaluated. In the operation, 2.7 mm in 00 and 300 arthroscopic telescopes, Storz cold light source, was used. 19-gauge needle was inserted into the joint from left or right sides of patellare ligament. 10-20 mL of isotonic saline or sodium lactate ringer's solution was given into the joint capsule. 0.5 cm of skin incision was made of patellar lig. laterally. Sharp-tipped obturator directed into the joint was passed medially between the patella and femoral condyle. Stifle joint examination was started femorotibialis launch of the medial compartment. The medial femoral condyle, medial meniscus, medial tibial plateau, meniscal ligament and synovial membrane were examined. Intercondylar space, and then cranial cruciata lig. were evaluated. Results: Twenty eight joints (100%) was encountered with varying degrees of synovial hyperplasia. Eight joints (28.5%) of periarticular osteophytes, three joints (10.7%) meniscus in the horizontal tears, 17 articular (60.7%) of the anterior cruciate ligament partial tears, the third joint (10.7 %) cartilage degeneration, osteophytes were shown in 4 cases. Chip fractures were observed in two joint (7.1 %). Conclusions: Arthroscopic application in the diagnosis and treatment of stifle joint is a method of providing enhanced visuals. Magnifies the anatomy and pathological changes of intra-articular structures that enable us to retrieve information about a minimally invasive application.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization at clinics of a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Dilek Öztürk, Hülya Türütoğlu, Özlem Şahan — 2015-03-01

Aim: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important zoonotic agent causing difficulties in treatment of the infections in human and veterinary medicine, due to multiple antibiotic resistances. In this study, the colonization of MRSA was investigated by the swabbing samples from the skin and nasal mucosa of veterinarians, personnel and students and from the environment at clinics of a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, samples were obtained from 16 veterinarians, 2 clinic personnel and 17 students that each was sampled 4 times and from 41 different environmental surfaces thought to be common sites of hand contact. Results: Out of 118 S. aureus isolates, 75 (63.6%; 34 veterinarians, 8 personnel, 24 students and 9 environmental surfaces) were found phenotypically resistant to methicillin by a disk diffusion test. All samples taking from two personnel were colonized with phenotypic resistant S. aureus, while the 14 veterinarians and 7 students sampled were carried the phenotypic resistant S. aureus at least to one of samples. Although 24 (20.3%) S. aureus isolated from veterinarians (13 isolates), personnel (1 isolate) and students (10 isolates) were determined to be positive for mecA gene encoded resistance to methicillin, mecA-positive isolates can not be isolated from environmental surfaces at clinics. Conclusions: It has been determined that MRSA colonization has high in working people and students at the clinic, thus standard sanitation measures, particularly personnel hygiene, are required because of the risk of transmission between humans and animals.

Effect of Mentha caucasica on performance, some body measurements and their relation with liveweight in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2015-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of Mentha caucasica on performance, some body measurements and their relation with liveweight in Japanese quails. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty day-old Japanese quail chicks were used in the study. The quails were allocated to 3 groups, each comprising 50 animals, including the control group, Mint Group I (0.75%) and Mint Group II (1.5%). The quails were weighed and their body measurements (head length, head width, body length, leg length, shank length, wing length) were determined on a weekly basis during the 6 weeks posthatching. Results: The average liveweight of mint groups were determined to be higher than the control group (P<0.05). Generally, feed conversion ratio was decreased in mint groups. According to the control group, quails in mint groups produced eggs at an earlier age. Usually, body measurements increased with advancing age. According to gender and feeding groups, values of some body measurements between differences were significant (P<0.05). Positive, high significant correlations were determined among some body measurements (head length, head width, body length, leg length, shank length, wing length) and liveweight (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The most decisive body measurements used in the determination of liveweight were body length and head width. Conclusion: Some body measurements can be used in the prediction of liveweight and as criteria in selection for liveweight of the Japanese quail.

Comparative analysis of microsatellite loci in chicken and pigeon

2015-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate utilization of chicken microsatellite loci in genetic studies of pigeon (Columba livia) populations. Materials and Methods: A total of chicken 100 microsatellite markers were selected from chicken linkage maps. DNAs of pigeons and a chicken as a positive control were used to amplify specific genomic regions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resulting PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis and allele genotypes were determined. In a pilot study, general population parameters including number of allele (Na), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) were calculated for 24 positive loci in a pigeon population. Results: A total of 48 microsatellite loci were amplified (48%) in pigeon DNA and expected PCR products were observed. In the pilot study, alleles numbers varied 1-5 and mean Na was 2.5 for 24 loci. A total of 60 different alleles were determined. Ho and He values were observed as 0.000- 1.000 and 0.000-0.698, respectively. Conclusion: Although Na and polymorphism levels were lower in general, results of this study suggested that chicken microsatellite loci can be used in genetic studies of pigeons.

Expression of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) gene at mRNA level in equine endometrium

2015-03-01

Aim: Aim of this study was to investigate PTEN expression in equine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Biopsies were obtained from mares on day of ovulation (d0, n=4), late diestrus (LD, n=4) and after luteolysis in the beginning of estrus phase (AL, n=4) of the cycle and days 14 (P14, n=4), 18 (P18, n=4), and 22 (P22; n=4) of pregnancy. Total RNA was isolated from the endometrial tissues and was converted to cDNA. Relative mRNA expression levels of genes were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). GAPDH was used as reference gens. A mixed model was fitted on the normalized data and least significant difference (LSD) test was employed to determine significantly different groups. Results: PTEN expression at mRNA level was detected in equine endometrium during all stages of estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Compared to LD, PTEN expression tended to decrease at AL. Similarly, comparing to the d0, the expression was lower during early pregnancy days including P14, P18 and P22, but did not reach to significance (P>0.10). PTEN is expressed in equine endometrium and its level appears to be downregulated at cycle and early pregnancy. Conclusion: It is important to investigate PTEN activity and expression at protein level.

Molecular investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 from aborted small ruminant foetuses

Murat Sevik, Oguzhan Avci — 2015-03-01

The aim of this study was carried out to determine the presence of Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BoHV-1) in aborted small ruminant foetus' tissues by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. For this purpose, aborted tissue samples (liver, lung, and spleen, totally n=198) were collected from small ruminants (43 sheep and 23 goats), each from different flocks and lived together with BoHV-1 seropositive cattle, in Central Anatolia region (Konya, Aksaray, and Niğde provinces) of Turkey. Glycoprotein D (gD) gene based PCR was used for the detection of BoHV-1. All tissue samples were detected as negative for BoHV-1 DNA. According to results, it can be expressed that BoHV-1 is not play a role in abortion cases in small ruminants in Central Anatolia Region.

Surgical treatment of a calf with jejunum intussusception: Case report

Muharrem Erol, Yılmaz Koç, Semih Altan, Hanifi Erol — 2015-03-01

The purpose of the present case report was to describe the clinical, laboratory and surgical findings of jejunum intussusception in a five-month old male calf. In this clinical case history, anorexia and lack of defecation for three days were learned from the owner. After clinical and laboratory examination the calf was referred to the Surgery Clinic. A leftflank laparotomy was performed. Intestines were examined for pathologic situation changes. During examination, solid consistency intestine segment was palpated at slight right of the ventral line. During macroscopic examination, invaginated intestine segment was detected as jejunum. Invaginated parts of intestine were edematous, cyanotic and fibrous adhesive, resection and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. The calf discharged was followed by owner. In conclusion, intussusceptions are rarely seen in five month old calves. Its diagnosis could be made by experimental laparotomy and intestine intussusceptions treated with routine surgical interventions in this period.