Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2015; 31(3)

Major tick-borne parasitic diseases of animals: A frame of references in Turkey

Ferda Sevinc, Xuenan Xuan — 2015-09-01

Tick-borne parasitic diseases constrain animal production throughout the world, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The topography, climate and pasture resources of Turkey which has the characteristics of temperate and subtropical climates are suitable for animal agriculture, and are favorable for the maintenance of the parasite-host-vector relationships in almost all regions of the country. The geographic situation limits the regulations on animal movements in the Eastern and Southeastern regions due to close contact with the neighbor countries. Turkey has a strong foundation for livestock resources. Approximately 30 percent of the agricultural gross domestic product is from livestock sector. Tick-borne parasitic diseases are endemic throughout the country, and have a great importance on economy and animal health, especially in ruminants. The major economically important tick-borne parasitic diseases of animals are theileriosis and babesiosis caused by protozoa, and anaplasmosis caused by rickettsiae. The most widespread hemoparasitic agents are Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. ovis, B. equi and B. caballi. The control of these diseases is mainly based on the treatment of sick animals and tick-control measurements. Vaccination is available for only tropical theileriosis caused by T. annulata. In this work, we reviewed the articles published in the national and international journals to collect the epidemiological data on the major tick-borne parasitic diseases of animals in Turkey.

Evaluation of acute phase proteins and cytokines in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Mahmut Ok, Cenk Er, Ramazan Yıldız — 2015-09-01

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations in acute phase proteins and cytokines in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Materials and Methods: Aged between 2 - 8 moths, fortysix dogs with parvoviral enteritis (PVE group) and 8 healthy dogs (Control group) were as material in this study. Anorexia, fever, depression, lethargy, vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhea were determined in the dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Parvovirus infection in dogs was confirmed by examining faeces via parvovirus antigen test. Blood samples were collected from all dogs. Serum interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen and protein C (PC) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results: Serum IL-1ß, TNF-α, INF-γ, CRP, SAA, fibrinogen and PC concentrations were statistically significantly increased in the dogs with parvoviral enteritis compared to control group. Conclusions: It may be stated that increased serum IL-1ß, TNF-α, INF-γ, CRP, SAA, fibrinogen and PC concentrations may be useful in assessing the inflammation in canine parvovirus infection.

Investigation of oxidative stress index in pyridine and ellagic acid treated mice

İnan Kaya, Haci Ahmet Deveci, Mahmut Karapehlivan, Abdulsamed Kükürt — 2015-09-01

Aim: In the present study, effect of ellagic acid on levels of paraoxonase (PON1), oxidative stress index (OSI), total antioxidant (TAS) and total oxidant (TOS) in pyridine intoxication was investigated. Material and Methods: In the study, 28 male Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 equal groups as following. Control I (Control group, n:7, 0.9% NaCl, IP, SID, 7 days), Group II was applied with pyridine (n:7, 100 mg/kg, IP, SID, 7 days), Group III was applied with ellagic acid (n:7, 10 mg/kg, SC, SID, 7 days) and Group IV was treated with pyridine (100 mg/kg, IP, SID, 7 days) plus ellagic acid (10 mg/kg, SC, SID, 7 days). Serum PON1 activity, OSI, TAS and TOS levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods at the end of the experiment. Results: OSI and TOS levels significantly increased, whereas serum PON1 activity and TAS levels reduced in pyridine treatment group (Group II) when compared to control group. Conclusion: Ellagic acid may show the protective effects against pyridine-induced oxidative stress.

Determination of the safety of tulathromycin in sheep

2015-09-01

Aim: Tulathromycin is used as extralabel in sheep, whereas there has no any data about safety in sheep. The aim of this research was to determine the safety of tulathromycin in sheep. Materials and Methods: In this research, single dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin was administered subcutaneously to 10 male yearling sheep. Blood samples were obtained before (0. day, control) and after at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days. Serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatin kinase-MB mass), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransfrerase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin) and renal (Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) damage markers were determined while hemogram values (White blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemoglobin, hematocrit) were measured from blood samples. Results: There were no any clinical changes observed in sheep during experimental period. Increased troponin I level was determined (P<0.05) at 1st day, while statistically significance changes (P<0.05) were determined within reference range in hepatic (Total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin) and renal (Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) damage markers when comparet to Control (0 day). In addition, decreased red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were measured (P<0.05) at 6th day. Conclusion: Tulatromycin may cause transient increase in the cardiac damage markers and changes in the blood picture. However, it is stated that single dose (2.5 mg/kg, SC) of tulatromisin may safe in sheep.

The effect of applications of eCG and PGF2α at different times with FGA containing vaginal sponges on reproductive parameters in ewes at anestrous season

2015-09-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the fertility obtained with eCG and PGF2α treatment, at time of FGA impregnated sponge withdrawal or 48 h before, in ewes during anoestrous season. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted on 80 ewes. The FGA containing sponges were maintained in the vagina for 12 days. Ewes received an intramuscular injection of 400 IU eCG and 125 mcg cloprostenol at the time of sponge withdrawal in the Group1 (n=40) and 48 hours before sponge removal in the Group 2 (n=40). Additionally, all of the ewes in the study received 5 mcg buserelin acetate intramuscularly 40 hours after the sponge withdrawal. Results: Intervals from sponge removal and the onset of estrus were 35.08±1.75 and 32.12±1.41 hours in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The estrus, pregnancy and conception rates were 68.4%, 55.2%, 80.7% and 89.4%, 76%, 85.2% in the Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The twinning rate and litter sizes were 50% and 31%, 150% and 131% in the Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Estrus rate of Group 2 was statistically higher than Group 1 (P<0.05). No statistical difference was found in other fertility parameters between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: It may be stated that the injections of eCG and cloprostenol at the time of sponge removal is supposed an advantage for less requirement of visit to the farms.

Supplementation of exogenous enzymes and organic acid in broiler diets

2015-09-01

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of enzyme activity in the presence of organic acid in broiler fed low energy diet. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were reared in 8 groups with 3 replicates per group, comprising 10 birds in each replicate. The dietary treatment groups comprised of basal diet A (positive control, 2730 kcal/kg), low energy diet B (negative control, 2630 kcal/kg), diet C containing low energy diet plus 0.25 g/kg enzyme, diet D containing low energy diet plus 0.5 mg/kg enzyme, diet E containing low energy diet plus 0.5% citric acid, diet F containing low energy diet plus 1.5% citric acid, diet G containing low energy diet plus 0.25 g/kg enzyme plus 0.5% citric acid and diet H having low energy diet plus 0.5 g/kg enzyme plus 1.5% citric acid were offered to different groups of broiler. Results: Results showed improved weight gain throughout the experiment (P<0.05) in groups D, G and H groups as compared to B while non-significant (P>0.05) as compared to A. Feed consumption was reduced (P<0.05) in all groups as compared to B while D and G was equal to A in feed consumption (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed better (P<0.05) in D and H while M.E was non-significant (P>0.05) in all groups. Blood glucose level was observed higher (P<0.05) in D, G and H. Conclusion: It may be stated that enzyme supplementation improves performance in broiler fed low energy diet while organic acid supplementation in low caloric diet has no pronounced effect on performance.

Effects of dietary organic and inorganic manganese supplementation on performance, carcass and hematological parameters in broiler reared under stocking density stress

Zehra Bozkurt, Tuba Bulbul, Aziz Bulbul, Mustafa Tekerli, Tulay Koken — 2015-09-01

Aim: Aim of this study was to determine the effects of organic and inorganic manganese (Mn) at different levels supplemented to diets of the broilers under stocking density stress on performance, carcass and hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 1000, day-old broiler chicks were divided into one control group and nine treatment groups, each consisting of 100 chicks. The control group was fed the basal diet only, whereas experimental groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with organic Mn (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg of Mn-methionine) and inorganic Mn (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg Mn-oxide), organic + inorganic Mn (3.125 + 6.25, 6.25 + 12.5 and 12.5 + 25 mg/kg Mnmethionine + Mn-oxide). Results: The livability increased by the supplementation of both organic and inorganic Mn on days 29 to 49 and 0 to 49 (P<0.001). Live weight gain until 15 days of age increased in the groups receiving 3.125 + 6.25 mg/kg Mn-methionine + Mn-oxide (P<0.05). On day 49, the relative weights of spleen increased in the 12.5 mg/kg Mnmethionine and 6.25 + 12.5 Mn-methionine + Mn-oxide groups compared with the other groups (P<0.05), whereas the abdominal fat quantity in the same days decreased in the 6.25 + 12.5 Mn-methionine + Mn-oxide group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The heterophil/lymphocyte ratio decreased in the in the group receiving Mn-methionine, 25 and 50 mg/kg Mn-oxide and 3.125 + 6.25 mg/kg Mn-methionine + Mn-oxide groups on day 49 (P<0.05). Conclusions: Supplementation of 12.5 mg/kg organic Mn, or a mixture of organic and inorganic Mn (3.125 + 6.25 mg/kg and 6.25 + 12.5 mg/kg) have positive effects on the performance, livability and stress response of broiler chicken subjected to housing stress.

Comparison of pasteurized liquid egg with shell eggs in terms of some quality characteristics

Yusuf Doğruer, Nihat Telli, A. Ezgi Telli, H. Ahu Kahraman, Ahmet Güner — 2015-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare some quality and economical properties of pasteurized liquid egg and shell eggs. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, pasteurized liquid egg and Shell eggs were collected from supermarkets and egg production enterprises in Konya. Samples were grouped as Class A (30), Class B (30), pasteurized whole egg (14), pasteurized egg white (13), pasteurized egg yolk (13). As a total, 100 samples were analyzed in terms of microbiological, chemical and physical parameters. Analyzed samples were evaluated for enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total aerobic psicrophilic bacteria, yeast and mold, coliform microorganisms and presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas spp as microbiologically. Furthermore, determination of dry matter, total fat, total protein, pH values as chemically and egg yolk index, albumen index, haugh value, shape index, egg yolk ratio, egg albumen ratio, eggshell ratio and viscosity as physically were carried out. Results: According to the microbiological analysis results of this study, any of the microorganism groups were not isolated in class A egg groups. Salmonella spp was not isolated also in any of the sample groups. It was observed that there were S. aureus and Pseudomonas spp contamination in Class B eggs. Coliform microorganism counts of Class B, pasteurized whole egg, pasteurized egg white, pasteurized egg yolk groups were in accordance with Turkish Food Codex Microbiological Criteria on Egg and Egg Products. Conclusion: It should be taken into consideration that there would be a contamination risk with pathogens in Class B eggs.

Determination of presence of canine coronavirus in shelter dogs

Oğuzhan Avci, Sibel Yavru, Mehmet Kale, Irmak Dik — 2015-09-01

Aim: Canine Coronavirus (CCV) is a cause of viral gastroenteritis in dogs. It can be found in dogs all around the world and result as a highly contagious intestinal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of CCV in diarrheic dogs. Materials and Methods: A total of blood sera and feces belong to 121 shelter dog (1 week - 8 months age) with clinical signs of diarrhea were sampled in order to investigate system the presence of both antibodies against CCV antigens. All dogs were unvaccinated against mentioned infection. The sera samples were analyzed for presence of specific antibodies against CCV by a commercially available indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The feces samples were tested for presence of CCV antigens using rapid test kit. Results: 91 (75.20%) blood sera sample were seropositive for antibodies against CCV, and CCV antigens were detected in 18 (14.87%) of feces samples. Conclusion: It may be stated that CCV infections play an important role in the enteritis of shelter dogs.

Infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (IKA) in a Terrier dog

Shahrzad Azizi, Mahdieh Rezaei, Reza Kheirandish, Omid Azari, Asma Hasheminasab — 2015-09-01

Infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (IKA) is a benign cutaneous tumor in dog originated from the hair follicle. The present study describes IKA in a 4 year old, male terrier dog. Macroscopically, a cutaneous dome-shaped nodule, 2-3 cm in diameter, with firm consistency, irregular surface and a central pore was located on the back for several months. The histopathological examination revealed a large cyst filled with concentric lamellar keratin that extended into the dermis and hypodermis. The wall of the cyst was lined by the stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium. Cords of epithelial cells had one or two cells thickness expanded outward from the peripheral zone of the cyst wall. The epithelial cells were well-differentiated. Mitosis was rare and there was not polymorphism.