Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2016; 32(1)

The effect of the different strike levels of the stomach on the kidneys in the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.).

Özcan Özgel, Emine Karakurum, Yasin Demiraslan — 2016-03-01

Aim: In the present study, it was aimed at the investigation of the effect of varying degrees of stomach fullness on the topography of the kidneys in the rabbit. Materials and Methods: The animals were allocated to 3 groups, each comprising 8 rabbits, such that they were grouped as animals that were subjected to normal feeding and those with an empty and full stomach. From the three groups, which were comprised of animals with the same degree of stomach fullness, 6 rabbits (3x2) were dissected. The remaining animals were placed in sternal recumbency and frozen at -20°C. Paramedian and transversal sections were obtained from three animals in each group, and in total from 9 rabbits. Results: The left kidney at empty stomach in rabbits was determined that the level of cranial tip at I. - II. vertebrae lumbales at and caudal tip III. vertebra lumbalis. The right kidney was determined that extends at the level of cranial tip at XII. vertebra thoracica and caudal tip at I. - II. vertebra lumbales. The left kidney at full stomach in rabbit was determined that the level of cranial tip at III. vertebra lumbales, if the caudal tip V. vertebra lumbalis. The right kidney was determined that the level of cranial tip at I.-II. vertebra lumbales, while caudal tip at III. vertebralumbales. Conclusion: It may be concluded that fullness of the stomach effects on kidneys in the cross-sectional anatomy of the normal abdominal region in the rabbit.

Systemic staphylococcosis in partridge chicks

Hadi Tavakkoli, Reza Kheirandish, Reza Ghanbarpoor, Zahra Mohseni — 2016-03-01

Aim: Staphylococcus infection is primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus in poultry. Because little information was available in the literature about game birds experiencing staphylococcosis, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate the disease in partridge chicks. Materials and Methods: Systemic staphylococcosis was induced in 18 days old Alectoris chukar by intravenous injection of a suspension containing 106 cfu/mL of viable Staphylococcus aureus organisms. Results: Injection resulted in a fever response after 30-hours post-inoculation. The disease rapidly developed over the 48- hour period with potentially devastating consequences, including huddling, lethargy, ruffled feathers, decreased activity, unable to stand, wing droop, decreased feed and water consumption, growth depression and lameness. Gross and histopathological examination of internal organs revealed that the injuries originally occurred in the kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs, alimentary tract, pancreas, heart, brain, joints and tendons sheaths. Lesions of systemic staphylococcal infection in partridge chicks consist of necrosis, vascular congestion, thrombosis, abscess formation, arthritis, synovitis and marked heterophilic infiltration in affected organs. Conclusion: The diversity of clinical signs and lesions observed suggests the susceptibility of chukar partridge chicks to systemic staphylococcosis.

Metagenomic DNA isolation from sheep feces and PCR detection of several rumen bacteria

Arif Yavuz, Dilek Özgün Ekiz, İlhami Kenger, Uğur Çömlekcioğlu — 2016-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate metagenomic DNA from fresh and dry sheep feces and to detect several rumen bacteria using the specific primers. Materials and Methods: The metagenomic DNA isolation was performed by using commercial I-Genomic Stool DNA Isolation Kit. Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium and Succinovibrio dextrinosolvens were screened using metagenomic DNA with polymerase chain reaction and spesific primers. Reaction of 16S rRNA region with SphI was carried out to confirm the absence of R. amylophilus, R. albus and S. dextrinosolvens. Results: Fecal samples dried rapidly and lost its 53.72% of fresh mass. After the DNA isolations from fresh and dried samples, DNA concentrations and purity were varied between 25.60-59.50 ng/μL and 1.72-1.90, respectively. It was observed that fecal inhibitors had no effect on PCR. A. lipolytica, F. succinogenes, P. bryantii, P. ruminicola, R. flavefaciens, S. bovis and S. ruminantium were detected with specific primers however PCR did not reveal the presence of R. amylophilus, R. albus and S. dextrinosolvens. SphI digestion of 16S rDNA regions has confirmed this result. Conclusions: In this study, effect of drying in natural conditions on metagenomic DNA isolation from fecal samples was determined. Furthermore, PCR detection of several rumen bacteria was performed by using isolated DNA. In conclusion, it may be stated that the metagenomic DNA isolated from dried fecal samples could be an effective tool for the detection of bacterial populations.

Serologic prevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in commercial layers

Zeki Aras, Zafer Sayin, Gokcenur Sanioglu — 2016-03-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of Ornithobacterium (O.) rhinotracheale infections in commercial layers. Materials and Methods: A total of 650 blood serum samples were collected from 26 different layer flocks located in Konya, Aksaray, Karaman, Ankara, and Gaziantep provinces. None of the chickens have been vaccinated against O. rhinotracheale prior to sampling. The presence of antibodies against O. rhinotracheale in each sample was determined by ELISA. Results: Of the 650 serum samples, 113 (17.4%) were found to be positive for O. rhinotracheale antibodies. These 113 positive sera were collected from 12 (46.2%) out of 26 flocks. The twelve infected flocks belonged to 12 different farms form Konya, Gaziantep, Ankara and Karaman. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that O. rhinotracheale infection is at high prevalence in the commercial layer flocks from this part of Turkey.

Effect of exogenous progesterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone application on maintenance of pregnancy in early pregnant ewes after prostaglandin F2 alpha injection

Mehmet Köse, Mehmet Salih Kaya, Mehmet Osman Atlı — 2016-03-01

Aim: We tested the hypothesis that exogenous progesterone (P4) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone applications (GnRH) would prevent detrimental effect of prostaglandinF2alfa (PGF2α) on early pregnancy in ewes by sustaining high plasma progesterone level. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, nine pregnant ewes (mating=0) were divided into 2 groups on day 18 as follows: (1) PGF2α group (125 mcg of d-cloprostenol injection on day 18, n=5); (2) PGF2α + P4 + GnRH group (125 mcg of d-cloprostenol injection on day 18 + 20 mg flugestone acetate (P4) for 7 days + 10 mg of buserelin acetate injection, on day 22, n=4). P4 was withdrawn on day 25. P4 concentration was measured on days 18 and 19 by ECLIA. Pregnancies were examined by using transrectal ultrasonography on days 18, 22, 25, and 35. Statistical difference between groups was analysed by chi-squared test. Results: P4 concentration declined to below 1 ng/mL on day 19 in both groups. While all pregnancies were terminated in PGF2α group by day 25, P4 prevented pregnancy loss in PGF2α + P4 + GnRH group (P<0.02). When P4 was withdrawn on day 25, half of pregnancies continued after GnRH in PGF2α + P4 + GnRH group until birth. Conclusions: Results suggest that exogenous P4 application is sufficient for maintaining early pregnancy in ewes, even if the corpus luteum (CL) is regressed. Furthermore, GnRH application on day 22 might luteinize dominant follicles and could be sufficient to maintain pregnancy after P4 is removed.

Comparison of different methods for identification of meat species in meat products

Yusuf Özşensoy, Seyda Şahin — 2016-03-01

Aim: Objective of this study were identification of animal species in meat products marketed in Sivas province using different methods and comparison of these methods. Materials and Methods: Sucuk, salami, sausage, meatball and braised meat samples were collected for the investigation from marketed in Sivas province with random samples methods in 2014. The identification of meat species in meat products was investigated using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. Results: All of AGID, ELISA and PCR methods detected positivity for cattle meat in same samples. Three samples (two salami and one sucuk) were detected negative for cattle meat with ELISA. According to the PCR results, total of 11 different samples together these three samples were detected as small ruminants (sheep/goat) residues. And there samples were detected as poultry (chicken) residues. None of the samples were detected as positive for pig, horse and carnivore (cat) meats by all three methods. Conclusions: Besides three methods used being compatible with each other, the PCR method was found more sensitive. The absence of residues of unwanted species in meat products which are commonly consumed in Sivas province, it is important for public health; also sensitivity of companies to provide reliable products and it may be related with intensity of inspections and applying of Meat and Meat Products Notification since March 1, 2013.

The development of organic egg production in Turkey

Tahir Balevi, Behic Coskun, Emel Gurbuz — 2016-03-01

Aim: In this study, several approaches and suggestions were adopted regarding how to establish organic egg production, selection of suitable geographical location, dimension of cage and poultry breeds, finally leading to management of the unit and field trial were executed or considered. Materials and Methods: A research was conducted, about any circumstances in which organic egg poultry should be done. In addition, in a commercial company, organic egg production has been made by 4500 ISA Brown-laying hens which were placing 3000 and 1500 layers in two seperate coops. Results: During the production period of the layers, egg production, daily feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and egg weights were determined 59.92-77.21%, 120-135 g/day, 2.85-3.27 and 55.34-66.19%, respectively. At the end of 78 week of age, mortality was 16.96%. Conclusion: A leadership on both organic layer farming and other types of organic production in near future is of importance for becoming them more common throughout the country.

Effects of dietary supplementation of combined safflower meal and sunflower meal on fattening performance and carcass quality characteristics in quails

Tuba Bulbul, Elmas Ulutas, Vural Ozdemir, Aziz Bulbul, Mustafa Evcimen — 2016-03-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the effects of combined safflower-sunflower meal (SSM) supplementation in quail diets on fattening performance and some carcass quality parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 three-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), including both males and females were divided into one control group and four treatment groups containing 60 quails in each. Each group was sub-divided into five replicates each containing 12 quails. The control group was fed corn-soybean meal based diet without SSM. The SSM was used at level of 10% (SSM10), 20% (SSM20), 30% (SSM30) and 40% (SSM40) in treatment diets (in each treatment S and SF ratio is 1:1). The experimental period was lasted for 5 weeks. Results: There were no changes in terms of body weights, body weight gain and feed intake as well as carcass weights, relative weight of liver, heart, spleen, gizzard, proventriculus and abdominal fat in all experimental groups with SSM supplementation (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio impaired in the SSM40 group compared with the control and the other groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: It may be stated that the supplementation of safflower-sunflower meal (C:S, 1:1) in combination to diets has no any adverse effect on the some performance and carcass quality characteristics, and as well as the supplementation of up to 30% of these might be more effective on feed conversion ratio in quails.

The effect of ginseng on some hematological parameters in rats fed cholesterol-rich diet

Deniz Uluışık, Ercan Keskin — 2016-03-01

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of ginseng on some hematological parameters in rats fed cholesterol-rich diet. Materials and Methods: In this research, 24 male healthy Wistar Albino rats were divided into three equal groups as control (K), cholesterol (C) and ginseng + cholesterol (GC). During the 40 days experiment, the K group received a standard rat diet, whereas the C and GC groups were fed the same standard diet containing 5% cholesterol and 5% cholesterol +1 g/kg ginseng root powder, respectively. Anticoagulant blood samples were taken from all animals at the end of the study. In these blood samples, red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean red cell volume , mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were measured with hemacell counter. Results: Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of C group significantly decreased compared to K group (P<0.05), while the same parameters of GC group were found to be statically higher than C group levels (P<0.05). In respect of the other parameters, there was no important changes depend on ginseng or/and cholesterol treatments. Conclusion: It is stated that ginseng may improve the negative effect of hypercholesterolemia on hematologic parameters.

Nutritional cardiomyopathy in a young camel (C. dromedarius)

2016-03-01

In this report, macroscopical and microscopical findings of nutritional cardiomyopathy were firstly described in a 1.5 month old female calf-camel in Turkey. At the necropsy of the young camel, which was found as dead in Konya Karatay Municipality Zoo, pale, whitish colored areas were seen on the epicardium of heart ventricules and interventricular septum. The pale areas were more prominent in the left heart ventricle. Lung was fairly volumed and dark reddish colored, and there was foamy fluid in trachea and bronchi. Mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes were enlarged, and cut surfaces were dark red colored. Congestion in the liver and enlargement in thyroid glands were also observed. In microscopical examination of the heart muscle, hyaline degeneration, Zenker's necrosis and widespread calcification were determined. In lung, diffuse congestion and edema in alveoli were found. Mild hyperemia in sinusoids of the liver, degeneration and desquamation of lamina epithelialis, neutrophil and eosinophil granulocyte infiltration in lamina propria in small intestine were noticed too. Papillary extensions in epithelium of thyroid follicles due to epithelial hyperplasia were observed. It was concluded from these findings that inadequate nutrition probably caused white muscle disease, resulting in blood circulation disorder in lungs, in the young camel. So, it is advisable to have a vitamin and mineral supplement to animal especially within the enclosed areas like zoos.