Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2016; 32(4)

The morphometric analysis of ossicula auditus in Malakan Horses

İftar Gürbüz, Mevlüt Aykut, M. Orhun Dayan, Kadir Aslan — 2016-12-01

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine morphometrically the differences of the auditory ossicles of Malakan Horses according to their gender. Materials and Methods: In the study 10 (5 male, 5 female) adult Malakan Horses? auditory ossicles were used. 15 different morphometric values were measured on the auditory ossicles, which removed from the skull. The morphometric values were compared in terms of gender and direction (left, right). Results: The malleus lengths were 9.97±1.27-10.05±1.15 mm, incus length were 4.11±0.70-3.65±0.20 mm, stapes length were 3.25±0.51-3.43±0.22 mm in male and female Malakan Horses respectively. The values of incus width and incus height were significantly higher in males than females (P< 0.05). In terms of all the other measurements, the differences between the genders and direction (left, right) were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that, there were no statistically differences of morphometric values on auditory ossicles except the values of incus width and incus height in Malakan Horses according to gender.

Morphometric properties of larynx and trachea in the New Zealand rabbit

Sema Özkadif, Mustafa Orhun Dayan, Yasin Demiraslan, Mevlüt Aykut, Özcan Özgel — 2016-12-01

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the morphometric features of the larynx cartilages and trachea in New Zealand rabbits and reveal the differences between sexes. Material and Methods: In the study, the larynx cartilages belonging to a total of 12 healthy and adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes (6 males, 6 females) were used. Some measurements were taken on the larynx cartilages and trachea, which had been taken out as a result of dissection of the head and neck, and statistical analyses were made. The statistical significance level was established at P<0.05. Results: Although the trachea and laynx related-measurements have no statistical difference between sexes, there was a statistical significance between sexes only in some values concerning the thyroid cartilage. Conclusion: In conclusion, it has been suggested that the results from this study will contribute to the present morphological knowledge on respiratory system and may shed light on the reconstructive anatomy and clinical procedures concerning this system.

Some hematological and biochemical parameter levels in healthy Van cats at different age and gender

Cumali Özkan, Süleyman Kozat, Abdullah Kaya, Yakup Akgül — 2016-12-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to reveal normal values of some hematological and biochemical parameters in Van cats having different ages and gender and in these parameters the changes that occur depending on age and gender. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 healthy Van cats having different age and gender were used. The cats in both genders divided into 3 different groups among them according to their ages. The cats 6 to 12 months were taken to the study as 1st group, 12 to 24-month cats were taken to the 2nd group, and 24 to more-month cats were taken to the 3rd group. From blood samples received, hematological and biochemical parameter values were identified. Results: Significant differences were found in hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelets levels from hematological parameters and in serum creatinine level, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase-MB activities from biochemical parameters. Conclusions: It has been surmised that in healthy van cats in different ages and gender, the determination of normal values of these parameters will help clinician physicians and the researches in the assessment of diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases and will contribute to the scientific studies to be made.

A study of beliefs related to animals in Diyarbakır folklore

Özgül Küçükaslan, Mustafa Uçar — 2016-12-01

Aim: In the study, it was aimed to determine the beliefs on animals in Diyarbakır folklore and to estimate these findings for human-animal relationships and origins of the beliefs, it was also aimed to contribute to the studies on the folklore researches. Materials and Methods: The main materials used in this study were the data of ?information collection forms? from the 100 source person. The information obtained from people interviewed between January-June 2016 was assessed by ?content analysis? method. Results: In this research 98 beliefs on animals were determined that still maintains its presence in Diyarbakır folklore from past to present. Conclusions: It is seen that some of the beliefs on animals are universal, some of them are the same or similar with Central Asian Turk?s beliefs and Anatolia. It can be said that this beliefs can give important clues about how the perspectives about animals in this region and this beliefs would be reflected the human-animal relationship within the positive or negative direction.

Investigation of genetic structure of various cat breeds by using D-Loop polimorphism in Turkey

Elif Yılmaz Şahin, Vahdettin Altunok, Ercan Kurar — 2016-12-01

Aim: In this study, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism between the Van cats and the other cat breeds is revealed. It is evaluated whether there is any relationship between the result of the mtDNA analyses obtained from Van cats and eye colours. Materials and Methods: Although it is studied with 65 blood samples and different methods, polymorphic of the place and inadequate information of literature lead to unreliable sample results. For this reason, 39 analyses of cats (25 Van cats, 3 Iran cats 3 Tekir cats, 7 siyam cats and 1 Ankara cat) are presented. 15 primers which is designed by ourselves and gained by some publication are experimented. The study is completed with 6 good working primers. The products of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) CEQ-8000 are determined by using the System of Genetic Analysis of Beckman Coulter and sequence of sequences resoluted with capillary electrophoresis are determined. Results: Each of every Van cats were evaluated in their groups according to one eye or double eye and statistical differentiation was found (P<0.022) between groups. By looking at the data of analysis, one eye at the rate of 80.00% can be said in Van cats. In this study, the selection of 99 bç, a narrow location obtained from mtDNA sequence analysis is evaluated and in spite of a small number of samples the acquired statistical difference is significant. Conclusion: We found significant differences in this study. This should be study with more samples and a large mtDNA D-Loop region.

Seroprevalence and economic significance of hypodermosis in cattle in Diyarbakır province

Duygu Neval Sayin Ipek, Ali Ihsan Diker — 2016-12-01

Aim: The aim of present study was to investigate the seroprevalence and economic significance of hypodermosis in cattles in the Diyarbakır province located in the southeast part of Turkey. Meterials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 650 randomly selected cattle in Diyarbakır province between November 2012 and October 2013. Results: 236 (36.6%) out of 650 serum samples were seropositive for Hypoderma antibodies. It was shown that the highest detected seropositivity rate was in central distinct and that seropositivity rate was higher in females (37%) compared to the male animals (33.3%). Moreover, the seropositivity rates were higher in native (48.8%) compared to the other breeds and in animals older than 5 years (41.6%) compared to younger animals. The estamined economic loss due to the damaged hides was 101.310 Turkish Lira per year (47.563 United States Dollars). Conclusion: It may be stated that hypodermosis is widespread in the region and it causes substantial economic loss in the hides sector.

Cardiac safety of gamithromycin in ewes

Orhan Corum,, Burak Dik, Emre Bahcican,, Hatice Eser,, Ayse Er, Enver Yazar — 2016-12-01

Aim: Gamithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is used in the treatment of bovine pasteurellosis, whereas it is used in sheep as extra-label. It is well known that macrolide antibiotics have cardiotoxic effect, however, it cannot be found the information of cardiac safety of gamithromycin in sheep in the literature. The first aim of this research was to determine the cardiac safety of gamithromycin in sheep. In addition, effects of gamithromycin on the liver and kidney functions and hemogram values were investigated.
Materials and Methods: Gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, SC) was administered as a single dose to 10 sheep. Blood samples were taken before (0. day, control) and after treatments at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 days. Serum creatine
kinease-MB mass and troponin I levels which are specific cardiac damage markers, liver, kidney damage markers and hemogram values were measured.
Results: Increased troponin I levels were determined at first day but it was not statistically significant, and there was no change determined in the creatine kinase-MB mass levels. Statistically significant (P<0.05) fluctuations were determined in the total bilirubin, total protein, creatinine and white blood cell counts, but these results were within the normal ranges.
Conclusion: It may be stated that single dose (6 mg/kg, SC) gamithromycin administration has no distinctive side effects on the heart, liver and kidney functions and hemogram values in sheep.

The effects of fluid resuscitation on the hemodynamic parameters of experimental induced endotoxemia in the neonatal calves

Enes Akyüz, Alparslan Coşkun, İsmail Şen — 2016-12-01

Aim: Endototoxin is known to be an important mediator of gram negative bacterial sepsis. Endotoxemia is associated with high mortality rates in neonatal calves. Therefore, a safe and effective treatment for endotoxemia in calves is needed
in order to address this common and potentially fatal condition. The primary aim of the study is to determine the effects of NaCl on the clinic, hematologic and hemodynamic parameters of calves. Materials and Methods: Twelve healthy calves, aged between 5 to 15 days included into the study. Calves which included into the study randomly divided two groups as lypopplisaccharide (LPS) and Control groups: Group I(LPS): 0.9% NaCl (IV) was given to calves at 1th hour following of LPS administration (1 μg/kg, IV, 50 mL 0.9% NaCl/30 min). Group II (Control): Only 0.9% NaCl (IV, 50 mL/30 min) was given to calves. Blood samples were taken from vena Jugularis before LPS infusion at 0 h (base line) and after LPS infusion at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Results: Following the LPS administration, increase in lactate levels and heart rate as well as decrease in systolic and mean arterial pressures were indicated the failure in circulatory system. However, administration of 0.9% NaCl was improved this parameters near the base line at within 8 and 12 hours of study period. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the use of 0.9% NaCl in treatment of the endotoxemia would be useful in neonatal calves.

The investigation of neuroprotective effects of pomegranate juice against low level lead induced oxidative stress in rats brain

Devrim Sarıpınar Aksu, Yavuz Selim Sağlam, Taylan Aksu — 2016-12-01

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of pomegranate juice (PJ) against the damage of brain tissue and antioxidant system induced low level lead (Pb) exposure in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups containing 10 rats in each. The control group (1) was fed standart rat feed and daily water. A positive control group (2) received a daily dose of 2000 ppm lead (lead acetate) in drinking water; a low treatment group (3) that received a daily dose of 2000 ppm lead together with 30 μL PJ by oral gavage; and a high treatment group (4) that received 2000 ppm lead and 60 μL PJ by oral gavage daily. The experiment was lasted for 5 weeks. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Morever, histopathological examination was also performed in the brain of the rats. Results: Pomagranete juice alleviated oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation ( low MDA level) and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH level in the rats exposed to lead. Severe neurodejenerative changes were observed in only groups received lead. Cellular damage of the brain was partially prevented by PJ. Conclusion: Regular consumption of pomegranate juice may provide significant benefits against the threat of chronic heavy metal exposure due to increasing intensive industrialization.

Determination of embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of flunixin meglumine given early stage in ovo

Murat Öznurlu, Yasemin Öznurlu — 2016-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of flunixin meglumine (FM), a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug used for analgesic and antipyretic, given early stage in ovo. Material and Methods: For this purpose, 300 chicken eggs were used. The eggs were divided into the groups as follows: 1. Group: Control group, 2. Group: 2.2 mg/kg FM group, 3. Group: 5.5 mg/kg FM group and 4 Group: 11 mg/kg FM group. Test solutions were injected via air-sac just prior to the settlement of the eggs into the incubator. Eggs from each group were opened on various days of the incubation and developmental stages of embryos were determined according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale. Also, malformation types, both live and relative embryo weights and crown-rump lengths (CRL) were determined. Results: The mortality in the treated FM groups was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher than control. The live and relative embryo weights and embryo CRL values of the FM groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the treated FM groups showed embryonic growth retardation and various structural abnormalities. It may be stated administration of FM cause teratogenity in mammalian species when administered in pregnancy period.

Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas species in meat and meat product and cold storage depots

İbrahim Mustafa Akan, Ümit Gürbüz — 2016-12-01

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the microbiological quality characteristics of retail meat and meat products Materials and Methods: Totally 166 meat and meat products samples included boneless meat, minced meat, sausage, chicken tight, breast, hamburger, Inegöl meatball, Turkish sausage, chicken sausage, chicken burger and chicken Inegöl meat ball obtained from butchers and markets in Konya region used as material. Pseudomonas isolation and identification from samples and total bacteria counts of samples were performed. In edition air sampling were performed from cold storage depots of supermarkets, butchers and abattoirs in Konya region. Results: Median values of total mesophilic bacteria counts of samples were determined as 5.76, 7.86, 5.79, 6.72, 6.70, 6.41, 5.89, 5.76, 6.32, 6.25 and 6.65 log10 cfu/g for boneless meat, minced meat, sausage, chicken tight, breast, hamburger, Inegöl meatball, Turkish sausage, chicken sausage, chicken burger and chicken Inegöl meatball, respectively. Pseudomonas luteola (67.44%), P. fluorescens (13.95%), P. oryzihabitans (12.79%) and P. aeruginosa (3.49%) were identified in red meat and red meat products. P. fluorescens (54.84%) and P. putida (45.16%) were identified in chicken meat and chicken meat products. Pseudomonas strains isolated from four cold storage depots were identified as P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida. Conclusion: It may be stated that hygienic conditions should be checked in production, packaging, transport, storage and marketing of meat and meat products.

Hereditary disorders of bulls imported semen to Turkey in 2015

Şeref İnal, Mustafa Çam — 2016-12-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to detect hereditary defects of bulls that imported their frozen semen to Turkey in 2015. Materials and Methods: As the source of knowledge, the websites of various companies that produce frozen semen, AI bull catalogs, and databases of bull semen companies have been used. Results: The result of the research revealed that 1.334.827 of 4.566.553 semen had at least one genetic defects (29.23%). In accordance with the procedures and principles with regard to the import of “sperm, ovum and embryo” issued by the Ministry, the sperms with haplotypes, which are banned legally from entering the country, have been found out. At least 14% of bull semen had A1 beta-casein gene which threatens human health. It had no got sufficient information about the genetic structure of nearly half of the bulls. Conclusion: It may be stated that authorities should review and update the list of genetic defects especially seen in Simmental breed bulls stated in binding guidelines concerning procedures and principles.