Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2017; 33(1)

The effects of different extracts of Glycine max (L.) Merr. on primordial, primary and secondary follicles

Yeşim Ceylantekin, Esra Küpeli Akkol, Vural Özdemir — 2017-03-01

Aim: The effects of plant soya (Glycine max L.) on the female genital system have been investigated. Materials and Methods: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol extracts of soya plant were administered to the rats by oral route at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses (SID) for 1 month. By monitoring the menstrual cycle with vaginal smear method, diestrus stage of the rats were determined. At the end of experimental period the animals were euthanized. Genital system organs taken of rats were analyzed by stereological methods. Follicules were counted with optical dissector method in the ovaryum stereologically, the weights of the ovaries, uterus were also evaluated. Results: Some changes occured in genital system of the rats which were given at 200 mg/kg dose of soy ethanol extract. In test groups vaginal aperture increased, uterine appeared likehyperemia while significant weight increase did not occur. The weight of relative ovarium, uterus weight increased, coarsening of epithelial cells was observed. No significant difference was observed in all groups regarding the numbers of primordial, primary follicles. Diameter of secondaryfollicule reduced while the number of secondary follicule increased in 200 mg/kg ethanol extract administered group, when compared to control group. The amount of isoflavone content was determined by using high pressure liquid chromatography technique on the active extract. The amount of daidzein, genistein were found to be 3.851 μg/gand 3.127 μg/g, respectively in the ethanol extract. Conclusion: It could be stated that phytoestrogens in soya plant dose-dependently affect the female genital system.

The effect of stomach’s different fullness levels on the topography of intestines in New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

Özcan Özgel, Emine Karakurum, Yasin Demiraslan, Mevlüt Aykut — 2017-03-01

Aim: The objective of the present study was examining the effect of stomach’s different fullness levels on the topography of abdominal organs in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Rabbits were divided into 3 groups, each of which consisting of 8 rabbits. 6 rabbits of those in each group with the same fullness level (3x2) were dissected. Paramedian and transversal sections were taken from this 3 groups. Results: It was observed that when the stomach was empty, duodenum’s beginning was on the ending level of arcus costales in New Zealand rabbits. When the stomach was full, it was pushed from pyloris towards the cranial. Cecum was observed to be in contact with right abdominal wall on the right side of the abdominal cavity as contacting uterus between stomach’s curvatura ventriculi major and pelvis cavity entry in ventral abdominal cavity in rabbits with empty stomachs. In rabbits with full stomachs, cecum was determined to extend caudally contacting right abdominal wall and it was located under the right side of curvatura ventriculi major. Colon was found to start as ampulla coli between the folds of cecum in region umbilicalis in rabbits with empty stomachs; whereas, it was located as being contacted with the ventral wall of abdominal cavity in a position passing the left part of median level in right and ventral part of the abdominal cavity in rabbits with full stomachs. Conclusion: It may be convcluded that fullness of the stomach effects on intestines in the cross-sectional anatomy of the normal abdominal region in the rabbit.

Stereolojical investigation of soybean (Glicine max L.) extract effect to kidney tissue in female rats

Esma Gülcan Karaca, Vural Özdemir — 2017-03-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed that stereolojically investigation to effect of soybean extract to renal tissue in female rats. Materials and Methods: Totally 16 female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into control and soy extract groups. In Control group, 1 mL solvent was given perorally, while 200 mg/kg/day doses soybean extract were given to experiment group orally for 1 month. Finally, the kidneys taken from rats were analyzed by using stereological methods. Results: Morphometric features and diameters of glomerulus in medulla and cortex were failing a change in rats of experiment groups. Conclusion: As a result, it may be stated that ethyl acetate extract of the soybean has no effect to the glomerulus and morphometric features of the renal tissue.

Investigation of DGAT1 and PRNP gene polymorphism of various cattle breeds in Turkey

2017-03-01

Aim: In the present study, DGAT1 gene K232A and promoter and intron 1 indel polymorphisms of PRNP gene were studied. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected a total of 122 animals including Turkish Grey (AG), Anatolian Black (AB), South Anatolian Red (SAR), East Anatolian Red (EAR) ve Zavot breeds were used for the study. The samples were genotyped for DGAT1 K232A polymorphism (A and K allel) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) technique. PRNP gene polymorphism in the promoter (23 bp indel) and intron 1 regions (12 bp indel) were determined by PCR analysis. Results: The highest frequency of A allele in DGAT1 gene was found in the AG (0.58), followed by SAR and Zavot (0.50), AG and EAR showed the lowest frequencies of A allele (0.38). The highest frequency of del/del genotype in promoter region of PRNP gene was found in the EAR and SAR (0.53 and 0.52, respectively) followed by AG (0.46); however, AB (0.19) and Zavot (0.17) showed the low frequencies. In intron 1 region of PRNP, the highest frequency of del/del genotype was found in the AG (0.25) and EAR (0.13), followed by AB (0.08). The lowest frequency (0.05) of del/del genotype was observed in EAR and Zavot. Conclusion: Results of the present study on AG, AB, SAR, EAR and Zavot breeds could be used to guide association studies between DGAT1 and PRNP gene polymorphisms may be useful for selection of milk traits on animal husbandry and reclamation studies.

A Light microscopic investigation on the histology and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)- and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) positive lymphocyte localization in the hemal nodes of Yaks (Bos grinniens)

Nariste Kadıralieva, Emrah Sur, Tuğba Özaydın, Şamil Sefergil — 2017-03-01

Aim: This study was performed to determine the histologic structure and localization of the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) positive lymphocytes in hemal nodes of Kyrgyzstan's mountain Yaks (Bos grinniens). Materials and Methods: For this purpose, tissue samples from hemal nodes of six, 2–4 year-old-aged Kyrgyzstan's mountain Yaks were used. After processing, tissue sections were taken and stained with Crossmon's trichrome stain. In frozen sections, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) were demonstrated. Results: The results showed that the hemal nodes were surrounded by a highly thick connective tissue capsule involving smooth muscle fibers and had a very large sinus system compromised by subcapsular and deep sinuses filled with blood. Cortical and medullar regions were not definite. Lymphatic nodules and cords were observed in the deeper region of hemal nodes. ANAE- and ACP-ase positive lymphocytes localized especially in the margin of the lymphatic nodules and also interfollicular areas. Conclusions: Yaks are very important animals for Krygyzstan economi as food source because they provide milk, milk products, meat, and meat products. Besides, yaks can survive and adaptable to the highly extreme ecological conditions such as high altitude, very low annual average temperature, short growing season for calf, and great seasonal variation in feed supply. So it is thought that extensive research regarding this species must be planned.

Investigation of the microorganism combinations on aroma in fermented sucuk

Yağmur Nil Demirel, Zeki Gürler — 2017-03-01

Aim: In this study, it was investigated that microorganism combinations which are obtained from natural flora of sucuk dough producing traditional method, effect on aroma. Materials and Methods: L. plantarum, L.sake, L. curvatus, S. xylosus were isolated and identified from sucuk dough and mixtured three different ways. Sucuk production was made by using these microorganism combinations in three times. Qualitative volatile compound analysis was made by GC-MS intrumental method on three samples of each sucuk group. Results: It was calculated kovats retention index, retention time, average peak area of volatile aroma compounds. The control group has 11 volatile aroma compounds. The second group which has L. plantarum, L. sake, S. xylosus has 12, the third group which has L. plantarum, L. curvatus, S. xylosus has 11, the fourth group which has L. curvatus, L. sake, S. xylosus has 11 volatile aroma compounds. Total 15 volatile aroma compounds were detected. The most abundant volatile aroma compounds are gamma terpene, o-cymene, delta- 3-carene, diallyl disulfide, cumin aldehyde in sucuk groups. There haven’t been detected any volatile compounds which are presence in control group and not presence in other sucuk groups. There have been detected alpha phellandrene, camphene, 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-methylfuran in sucuk groups but not presence in control group. Conclusions: Turkey specific microorganisms which are obtained from natural flora of sucuk dough should be used as starter culture. Then, it is investigated effective on development of sucuk aroma.

The mismatched isolation of Brucella strains from nomic hosts

2017-03-01

Aim: A small part of field Brucella strain collection of Kafkas University was evaluated by different methods in this study. Materials and Methods: The strains were originated from cattle and sheep which had a history of abortion. Thirty field Brucella strains (16 were originated from sheep and 14 were from cattle) were randomly selected and included in the study. In addition of standardized phenotypical characterization, genus specific real-time PCR and species specific Bruce-Ladder PCR were conducted for molecular typing. Results: Out of 16 sheep and 14 cattle samples 15 and 13 were identified as B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. Interestingly one strain was characterized as B. abortus isolated from aborted sheep foetus and the other as B. melitensis from aborted cattle milk sample. Furthermore one strain from aborted sheep foetus was unable to be confirmed as Brucella spp. by genotypically (neither by real-time PCR nor Bruce-Ladder PCR) though all phenotypic features were similar to Brucella genus and kept under strict conditions for future characterization on suspicion of Ochrobactrum spp. Conclusions: These report alleges that Brucella crossinfection among certain hosts ceased to be extraordinary and gained an usual face over time. These kind of efforts would help in further understanding the evolution, host specificity and pathogenicity of the genus Brucella.

Pathological findings in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) in experimental Vagococcus salmoninarum infection

2017-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to induce Vagococcus salmoninarum (V. salmoninarum) experimental infection in adult fish through different routes [intraperitoneal (IP) and immersion (IM)] to investigate clinical, macroscopical and histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: Totally 4 groups (experiment immersion-EIM, experiment peritoneal-EIP and 2 controls) were used. As material, overall 60 rainbow trout were used. Fishes were infected with Vagococcus salmoninarum (accession number: Kj685901) strain. For histopathological examinations, all tissue samples were fixed and than fixation samples routinely were processed. Tissue sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin and examined using light microscope. DNA extractions of the isolate were made for the molecular analysis of the bacteria and then, specific primers were used to identify V. salmoninarum. The PCR product from isolate V. salmoninarum was used for sequencing. Results: In both groups, mortality rate was 100%. In macroscopic examination, abdominal swelling, depigmentation of the skin, hemorrhages at the base of the fins, swelling in kidneys and a thick and yellow-orange fluid in the intestine were seen. These findings were observed in both groups, but were more severe in EIP group than in EIM group. In histopathologic examination, the course of the disease ranged from acute form to chronic form in both groups. In acute form, haemorrhage and telangiectasia in the gills and increase in melanomacrophage centers were detected. In chronic form, degeneration and necrosis in the kidney and epicarditis in three cases (EIP) were observed. Elevated numbers and degranulation of eosinophilic granular cells (EGC) in the submucosa of the digestive system were also observed. Degeneration was seen in gastric epithelium and shedding of intestinal mucosa epithelium. Conclusion: In this study, approachs of V. salmoninarum infection in adult rainbow trout, the differences between the findings in experimental infection and natural infection is recommended to be taken into account.

Investigation of plasmid profiles of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from mastitic cow milks

Mehmet Öztürk, Süheyla Türkyılmaz — 2017-03-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the plasmid profiles of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from cow milk samples with mastitis. Materials and Methods: As a material, 54 E. faecalis strains isolated in the past years from milk samples with mastitis were used. Modified alkaline lysis method was used for plasmid isolation from bacteria. Results: Results revealed that 19 of isolates have plasmids varying one to eight and lengths of those were ranged approximately between 0.6 kb and 41 kb. It was determined that five isolates had only one plasmid while the other 14 had more plasmids. Following the plasmid isolation, cluster analysis was performed between the same and similar plasmids after their profile contends checked. Six clusters that containing two or more strains with similar plasmid profile were formed. Conclusions: Further studies should be designed to investigate the plasmids of other enterococci stains isolated from mastitis cow’s milks whether plasmids are responsible for antibiotic resistance.

Effects of carvacrol, alfa pinene and cineole-rich essential oil mixed on performance, egg production and quality and egg lipid peroxidation in laying quails

Aziz Bulbul, Elmas Ulutas¹, Vural Ozdemir, Tuba Bulbul — 2017-03-01

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of essential oil mixtures rich in carvacrol, alpha-pinene and cineole supplementation in laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, and egg lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods: A total of 420 (280 females and 140 males) eight-week-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used. They were divided into 1 control group and 6 treatment groups containing 60 quails in each. Each group was divided into four replicate groups each containing 15 quails. The control group was fed basal diet. The diets of treatment groups occurring from carvacrol (C), alpha-pinene (P) and cineole (Cn) were supplemented with 100 and 1000 mg/kg essential oil mixed. The experimental period was lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that feed consumption decreased in the P1000 and Cn1000 groups (P<0.01). Feed conversion ratio was improved in the C1000, P1000 and Cn1000 groups (p<0.001). The egg yolk malondialdehid level during storage periods decreased in the P1000 group on the 15th day (P<0.05) and in the C100, C1000 and P1000 groups on the 30th day (P<0.001) compared with the control group. Conclusions: It was concluded that essential oil mixed supplementation rich in carvacrol or alpha-pinene can be used in laying quail diets because of these might be positive effect on feed conversion and the egg lipid peroxidation during storage periods.