Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2006; 22(3-4)

Investigation of Voluntary Feed Intake and Behavior of Lambs Fed Different Roughages by Camera Monitoring

Esad Sami Polat, Behiç Coşkun, Emel Gürbüz, Tahir Balevi, İbrahim Çivlik — 2006-12-01

For a better understanding of the dynamics of animals' behavior an observation, recording and validation method has been improved which clarifies the differentiation in roughage composition by means of eating kinetics This method makes it possible to continuously and closely monitor a unique animal's behavior by recording its activities individually and through its group with minimal disturbance to animals. In this method, a camera monitoring system supported by computer was assembled, in indoors recording for 24 hours a day from the top ol animals. Penned young sheep (n=6, trealments=4) were fed with (our of completely different fiber sources: Barley Straw. Corn Silage, Alfalfa Hay and Sugar Beet Pulp ad libitum, 6 times a day in 4 hour meal intervals and eating behavior ol animals were investigated on. BS group animals spent the shortest time for eating 157,2 min with less number of eating bouts 14 4 limes and consumed lowest dry matter (%1.08 of liveweight). AH group animals responded to their base diet very well that longer lime of eating occurred (218 mm) in highly repeated terms of 19.7 times a day and dry mailer intake was %3 3 of liveweight CS was consumed with the longest time spent for eating (219.8 min). number ol eating bouts was not as frequent as AH group with 18.4 times and intake was %2.32 of liveweight. SBP dry matter intake was %2.38 ol liveweight. Animals consumed SBP in shorter bouts (189.7 min) than CS and AH, but the number of eating bouts has been significantly higher (22.7 times/day), which means that SBP animals preferred shorter but more frequent meals. The heaviest leed consumption was occurred at sunsel. In controlled indoor conditions at individual pens, animals spent most of their time resting (%73).

Corynebacterium Species Isolated from Milk Samples of Dairy Cows with Mastitis and Antibiotic Susceptibilities

H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Osman Erganiş, Kürşat Kav, Zafer Sayın — 2006-12-01

In this study, identification of Corynebacterium spp. isolated from dairy cows and detection of theirs antibiotic susceptibililis were aimed. A total of 810 cattle Irom 7 dairy herd has been monitered by CMT, trom a number of 651 samples detected positive by CMT and 64 Corynebacterium spp. were isolated. Of Corynebacterium isolates, 41 (64.06%) were identified as C. amycolatum, 11 (17.18%) C. xerosis. 7 (10.93%) C. minutissimum, 3 (4,68%) C. bovis and 2 (3.12%) C. pseudotuberculosis. While C. pseudotuberculosis isolates were tound to resistant to erythromycin and tincomycin, other Corynebacterium species (C. amycolatum, C, xerosis, C. minutissimum, C. bovis) were differently susceptible to 10 antibacterials agents.

Investigation of BHV-1, BVDV and EBLV Infections in Bulls Selected for Artificial Investigation of BHV-1, BVDV and EBLV Infections in Bulls Selected for Artificial

Orhan Yapkıç, Oya Bulut, Atilla Şimşek, Sibel Yavru, Mehmet Kale, OğuzhanAvcı — 2006-12-01

In this study, blood samples taken from 143 bulls choosen bulls that using in artificial insemination centers were investigated for antibodies against BHV-1, BVDV and EBLV infections by ELISA/Ab. It was determined as positive that antibodies against 12 bulls (8.3%) for BHV-1, 25 bulls (17.4%) for BVDV and 14 bulls (9.7%) for EBLV. Besides, all seronegative bulls were also detected as antigen negative by ELISA/Ag.

Relationship on Animal Welfare - Veterinary Ethics

Serdar İzmirli, Aşkın Yaşar — 2006-12-01

Nowadays stockbreeding became an activity aimed to consumption by changing rapidly beyond the traditional production. Its reason is to show interest to animal welfare at the same time together with demands of consumer for quality and safety. It can be said that "veterinary ethics" is related to animals just as veterinary medicine is related to animals. Considering this, any type of issue concerning animals-whether or not it involves veterinarians would be an issue of veterinary ethics. On the other hand, "veterinary ethics", as its name applies directly relates to veterinarians and any person involved in providing veterinary care. Animal welfare can be defined as "To ensure that all animals (farm, pet, companion, exotic, laboratory and wild animals) are healthy, happy and feel well and they do not feel pain, ache and suffering when they are cared, fed, bred, transported, slaughtered, treated or used in scientific researches". Veterinarians function is important between animal owners and animals in such a way related to animal welfare. New approaches related to animal welfare became topical subjects in Turkey as parallel to developments in the world. A veterinarian should be well informed on legislations related to animal welfare in order to make correct decisions when he encounters problems in this field during his duty. If there is no provision in the legislation he can make decision by using an ethical decision making process and veterinary medicine ethics. This study was discussed to be conceptual of veterinary ethics and animal welfare.

Investigations on the Presence of Salmonella spp. aınd Campylobacter spp. in Chicken Meats Sold at Retail Markets in Konya

H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Osman Erganiş, Ahmet Güneri, Dilek Öztürk, Kürşat Kav — 2006-12-01

In this study, the presence of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. was examined from whole raw chicken carcasses by conventional culture methods. A total of 168 swap samples was collected from whole raw chicken carcasses, produced by 9 different companies in Turkey, presented for consumption in 16 markets in Konya Ol the total 126 bacterial agents isolated. 71 (42.26%) were Campylobacter spp. and 55 (32.73%) were Salmonella spp, In addition, of 71 Campylobacter spp., 33 (46,47%) were idenlıfıed as C. jejuni and 17 (23.94%) C. coll.

Comparison of Some Methods Used for Estimation of Heritability

Tamer Çağlayan, Şeref İnal — 2006-12-01

The purpose of this study is to compare half-sib correlations, parent-offspring correlations, parent-offspring regression and REML methods for estimating heritability of body weight for dillerent age in Japanese quail. In this investigation, 1647 chicks at 6-weeks old were obtained from 20 male and 100 female quail and used as the animal material. After correcting the body weights (or sex effect, heri t abilities were estimated for each method. Half-sib correlations, parent-offspring correlations, parent-offspring regression and REML methods for the heritabilities were between 0.085-0.954, 0,168-0.442, 0.030-0.387 and 0.210-1.000, respectively. Heritabilities estimated by using REML method were moderate or high. However, heritabilities estimated by other methods were too low, Gradually minimum of heritability estimates and standart errors were in half-sib correlations method, maximum of heritability estimates and standart errors were in REML and pa rent-off spring regression methods.

Effect Of Dietary Fat on Blood Parameters and Heart Rate in Slightly Exercised Horses

Emel Gürbüz, Fatma İnal, Behiç Coşkun — 2006-12-01

Six Thoroughbred (English) horses (age 5-12 years) which exercised slightiy were used in a cross-over design trial to determine the effects of dietary (at on some blood parameters and heart rates. Two diets were formulated to meet recommended energy requirements for exercise. Experimental diet was contained %5 corn oil. Experimental periods were 23 days duration consisting ol 21 days for adaptation and 2 days for sample collection for each treatment group. During the adaptation period horses were exercised with a same rider. Blood samples were taken during the two consecutive work days exercise regime, before feeding, at rest, during the exercise, immediately after exercise and 45 minutes after exercise and subsequently analyzed for tactic acid, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol. Heart rates also were recorded a! before and during exercise. Diets had no significant effect on blood lactic acid, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and heart rate in slightly exercised horses (P>0.05).

Legal Arrangements related to Animal Welfare in Turkey

Aşkın Yaşar, Serdar İzmirli — 2006-12-01

Subject of animal welfare has been considered and discussed since the beginning of 1960s in different parts of the world which has result the acceptance of "Universal Declaration of Animal Rights". Now a days, many significant developments and legal regulations have been declared about animal welfare by Organizations in EU and other member countries. It was observed that there are arrangements for animals producing for meat, milk, leather, wool, egg and animals bred for sportive purposes in a farm and also for animals bred for experiment and scientific studies in the frame of animal welfare regulations. First law issued in this scope in Turkey is Animal protection Act no 5199. Humanitarian criterions in lots of subjects such us ownership, maintenance and transportation of animals were tried to be established in the Act. Some legal arrangements related with animal welfare such as breeding, transportation, slaughtering and killing and usage with experimental and scientific purposos of animals, have been being tried lo obtain in the draft "Veterinary Frame Act" prepared jointly with EC under the section entitled as "Animal Welfare". Acts and regulations of animal welfare in force and in draft stage in Turkey which are related with farm animals, pet and companion animals and experimental animals shall be discussed in this study. In this frame, there are seven legal regulations of farm animals, six legal regulations of pet and companion animals and five legal regulations of experimental animals which are in force was determined.

The Effect of Estrus Detection by Progesterone Test Kits and Clinical Examination on Conception Rates in Cows

Mustafa Sönmez, Gaffari Türk, Eşref Demirci — 2006-12-01

This study was conducted to compare the effect of estrus detection using progesterone test kits and clinical examination on the conception rate, and to investigate whether the progesterone tests have positive effect on conception rate of cows in field conditions. A total of 136 cows were used in this study. The clinical findings of estrus in cows were examined by visual observation and rectal palpation. Cows were divided into three subgroups considering to the intensity of clinical results. Progesterone levels in serum samples were evaluated using progesterone tesl (Ovulation Test®) kits. Cows were also divided into three subgroups according to the progesteron levels, and then, all cows were artificially inseminated. The conception rates were determined by rectal palpation on 55-60th days following artificial insemination. In this study, the mean overall conception rate was recorded as 65.4%. It has been found that there is no difference (P>0.05) among conception rates of cows which were divided into subgroups by intensity of clinical findings. The conception rates were significantly (P<0.05) higher in cows with low concentrations of progesterone (<1 ng/ml) at insemination lime than those of cows with intermediate concenlrations ol progesterone (12.5 ng/ml) (78.5% vs. 23.8%). In addition, the conception didn't occur in cows with high concentrations ot progesterone (>2,5 ng/ml). In conclusion, the use of practice progesterone tests can be useful lor preventing errors in heat detection and for increasing conception rate in cows which not be detected in estrus by clinical examination.

Plasma Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Period from the Day of Ovulation until Embrional Fixation Day of Pregnancy in Mares

Nurettin Aydilek, M. Osman Atlı, Hayrettin Çetin, Hüdai İpek — 2006-12-01

This study was conducted to investigate plasma estradiol 17f3 and progesteron profiles, oxidant/ antioxidant status and the relationship among these parameters during the period Irom the day of ovulation until emb-rional lixation day in mares. Blood samples were collected on the day of ovulation (d=0) and on days 5, 10. and 16 ol pregnancy in 12 purebred mares. Plasma was analyzed for oxidant (ma I ond i aldehyde, index ol lipid peroxidation) and antioxidants (Vitamin E, (3-carotene, glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) values. Estradiol 17(3 level decreased after ovulation while, progesteron level gradually increased (p<0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde level on days 5 and 16 of pregnancy significantly were higher than d 0 (p<0.05). Plasma antioxidant parameters except for vitamin E gradually increased and this increase on 16th day was significantly higher than on day of ovulation day. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed (r=-0.50) between the plasma estradiol 17R and malondialdehyde concentrations. In conclusion, plasma malondialdehyde level generally increased, however the concentrations of 0-carotene, glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase parallelly increased during the period from the day ol ovulation until embrional fixation day in mares.

Some Quality Characteristics of Animal Rennets

K. Kaan Tekinşen, Gürkan Uçar, İ. Erim Köseoğlu — 2006-12-01

In this research, microbiological and chemical qualities of 20 animal liquid rennet samples, used for che-esemaking in dairy plants in Konya region were determined. As a result of the microbiological analysis, aerobic me-sophile, yeast and mould counts of the samples were determined between 0-1.0x103 cfu/ml and 0-9.6x10 cfu/ml respectively. None of the samples contained coliform bacteria, E.coli, S. aureus and anaerobic bacteria. In the consequence of the chemical analysis salt contents and pH values were determined between 12.91-18.79% and 5.026.10, respectively. In conclusion, all of the rennet samples were convenient with microbiological standard in TS 3844 (Turkish Rennet Standard), but of the 20 rennet samples 10% for salt contents were under the minimum limit in TS 3844.

Some Haematological Parameters in Sheep Infested with Coenurus cerebralis and Oestrus ovis

Nurcan Dönmez, Uğur Uslu, Banu Atalay — 2006-12-01

This study was conducted to determine somo haematological parameters of sheep infested with C. cerebralis and O. ovis. In the study, 10 sheep as control, 10 sheep infested with C.cerebralis and 10 sheep infested with O. ovis were used. In blood samples taken from all groups, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, haemoglobine levels, haematocrit value, sedimentation rate, erythrocyte indexes and differential leucocyte counts were determined. Leucocyte count, monocytes percent and sedimentation rate were significiantly higher in coenurosis group than control group's levels. There is no difference between groups in erythrocyte, haemoglobine, haematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels. The sedimentation rate and monocyte percent were significiantly higher in O. ovis infested group than control. The other parameters were similar in two groups and in normal range for healthy sheep.

Historical Development of Karaköy Agriculture Enterprise

Şule Osmanağaoğlu — 2006-12-01

"Karaköy Stud Farm", by the name of today "Management of Karaköy Agriculture Enterprise" was used as a store of stallion to breed the mare of the region. At Karaköy Stud Farm while the horse breeding was going on, in different time periods cow, water buffalo, sheep and chicken growing was the subject of Stud Farm. But by the time passed, they ended ail breeding expect cow. Main aim of the Enterprise was improvement ol black cow race in Black Sea Region. Enterprise began to work for growing high quality cow race which is in comply with regional conditions. This breeding was improved by the importing Jersey race cow in 1958 and goes up today. In this article, the historical improvement, animal growing of the Karaköy Stud Farm and the benefits to the people of region, animal growing of region and country and scientific studies made in this Enterprise are researched. Nowadays number of Jersey cattle of Black Sea Region reached 470.000 by the selection studies performed to improve a genetic strain. However, mean milk production of 3552 kg belongs to Jersey breed cattle's in the enterprise between the years of 2001-2005 reached international standard. The studies performing İn Karaköy Agriculture Enterprises contribute in animal breeding in the region and country.

Investigation on the Presence and Dispersion of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species in Broiler Carcass Parts Sold at Retail Market in Konya

Mehmet Halit Minnar, Yusuf Doğruer — 2006-12-01

In this study, raw chicken meat pieces are examined for the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari). A total of 120 samples of raw chicken meat pieces (thigh,breast,wing ) were analysed for human consumption sale at Konya market. Campylobacter was isolated from 26 of the thigh, 35 of the breast and 31 of the wing. Total of the 92 positive samples are identified as 24 pieces are C. jejuni (20%), 29 pieces are C. coli (24.17%) and 39 pieces are C. lari (32.5%). According to the data of the research, the proportion of contaminated chicken carcasses with thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was in high levels. It is thought that it is very important tor public health.

Melanoma in a Cattle

Yılmaz Koç, Özgür Özdemir, Fahrettin Alkan, M. Kemal Çiftçi, Muharrem Erol — 2006-12-01

In this case report was presented a cattle 3 years old Holstein breed with the large a skin neoplasm: 7 kg mass, 32x30x12 cm diameters, we 11-circumscribed, atopecic, black, black pigment on the traumatic surface, deep excoriation and ulceration, on the middle ventral abdomen area; between umbilical and udder. Melanoma was diagnosed clinically. Neoplasma removed by wide surgical excision and confirmed by histopatological examination.

Effects of Ivermectin, Phoxim and Propetamphos+Cypermethrin Combination Against Sarcoptic Mange in New Zealand Rabbits

Bilal Dik, Uğur Uslu — 2006-12-01

This study was carried out on 258 New Zealand rabbits naturally infested with sarcoptic mange. The rabbits divided into four goups. Twenty rabbits in the first Group were treated with Ivermectin (MektiverR) at the dose rate of 200 mcg/bw, subcutaneously. 95 rabbits In Group II and 123 rabbits in Group III were bathed with Phoxim (SebacilR) 0,1 % and Propetamphos+Cypermethrin combination (BloticR) 0,2 %, respectively. The rabbits in these groups were retreated ten days later, secondly. Twenty rabbits in Group IV were used as control. Ten, 20, 30 and 40 days after the first application, all rabbits were inspected macroscopically for sarcoptic mange. In addition skin scru-pings taken the animals were examined for Sarcoptes scabiei under a tight microscope. It was observed that starting to recovery of the rabbits injected ivermectin earlier than in the other groups and lollowed that the rabbits bathed by Phoxim and Propethampos+ Cypermethrin combination, respectively. No found Sarcoptes scabiei in the rabbits in Group I 20 th days from lirst ivermectin injection, However, the mites were not observed in the animals in Group II bathed by Phoxim, 30 days later. In the other hand, the rabbits in Group III bathed by Propetamphos+Cypermethrin combination had Sarcoptes scabiei during the study, but their numbers were decreased gradually. The results showed that, ellicacy of Ivermectin, Phoxim and Propetamphos+Cypermethrin combination was very high, fairly high and less against sarcoptic mange in rabbits, respectively.

The Severe Abdominal Effusion in a Camel

Yılmaz Koç, Fahrettin Alkan, Alparslan Coşkun — 2006-12-01

In this case report was presented a 15 years old male dromedary camel with severe abdominal effusion. The exploratory laparotomy was performed through the left paralumbar lossae. The copious abdominal fluid at se-rosanguineous appearance with moderate inflammation was drained from abdominal cavity. The approximately 250300 liters fluid and 5.5-6 kg necrotic free fibrin masses were removed from abdominal cavity. An underlying gross lesion was not identified during abdominal exploratory surgery. The camel died 15 days after surgery.

Shell Softening and Shell Rot in Turtles

Arif Kurtdede, C. Çağrı Çıngı, Kerem Ural, Fulya Şahin — 2006-12-01

In the present case report series the aim was to emphasize treatment applications in four red-eared slider at the age of 2-3 years old referring with histories of softened-shell on carapace's rear edges and centrum and anorexia and two land turtles relerring with histories of erythema, softening and serose oozing on plastrone to the University of Ankara, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Internal Medicine and thus to indicate shell softening and shell rot as important problems in turtles.