Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2018; 34(2)

Anatomic, morphometric and histological features of Glandula uropygialis in Aseel roosters and hens

2018-06-01

Aim: The present study was conducted to analyze the anatomic, morphometric and histological structure of the glandula uropygialis in Aseel roosters and hens. Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 8 (4 males, 4 females) glandula uropygialis belonging to adult Aseel hens and roosters were used. Topographic features of the glandula uropygialis were analyzed in situ. The morphometric measurements were conducted on the dissected glands. Trichrome staining method was used to determine the histological structure of the glands, and Periodic Acid-Shiff (PAS) staining techniques were implemented to determine the glycogen and neutral mucins in the glands. Results: It was found out that the glandula uropygialis was topographically located on the cauda base, between the fourth caudal vertebrae and pygostyl. In terms of morphometric parameters, there were no statistically significant differences between hens and roosters or right and left lobes. Histologically, it was found that the secretoric tubules forming the parenchyma of the gland were separated from each other by connective tissue and showed a radial arrangement beginning from periphery and ending at the central cavity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the histological and anatomical structure of the glandula uropygialis in Aseel roosters and hens showed considerable similarities with that reported in other birds species.

Effects of different doses marbofloxacin on biochemical and hematological parameters in sheep

Feray Altan, Orhan Çorum, Duygu Durna Çorum, Kamil Üney — 2018-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of IM marbofloxacin at different doses on biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy sheep. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on twenty four healthy Akkaraman rams (2-5 years old) randomly selected in four dose groups according to parallel design. There are six animals in each dose group. There are six animals in each dose group. Six animals in each group were injected with marbofloxacin at the dose levels of 2, 4, 6 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, in the semitendinosus muscle. Blood samples were collected using a catheter placed in the left jugular vein at 0 (pre-treatment), and 10. and 22 hours post-dosing. Biochemical parameters, such as, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were determined in autoanalyzer. Hematological parameters, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet were measured in blood cell counter. Results: No significant differences in hematological and serum biochemical parameters were found between the groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that the marbofloxacin after a single intramuscular injection up to 10 mg/kg following IM administration in sheep had no significant side effects on the biochemical and hematological parameters measured.

Effects of feeding diets with different protein levels on preference and some blood parameters in dogs

2018-06-01

Aim: This study aimed to establish the effect of different dietary protein levels on certain blood parameters and food preference of dogs. Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 neutered, adult male dogs, with live weights of approximately 15-30 kg. Twenty-eight of dogs were fed four manufactured diets that respectively contained 18%, 21%, 25%, and 28% crude protein in dry matter for a period of one month. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: The blood urea nitrogen levels were found to be significantly affected by the protein level in the diet, however, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and phosphorus levels were not found to be directly affected by dietary protein. It was determined that dogs prefer food with higher protein content in the preference test conducted with thirty dogs. Conclusion: There were no adverse effects on the blood parameters of the different protein levels. The effects of high protein foods on kidney function should be monitored using different methods.

Structural characteristics and problems of beekeeping enterprises in Aegean Region example

Mustafa Bahadır Çevrimli, Engin Sakarya — 2018-06-01

Aim: In this study, structural characteristics and production problems of the beekeeping enterprises are examined in the Denizli, Mugla and Aydin provinces. Materials and Methods: The material of the research was provided through questionnaires from Turkish Association of Beekeepocooperatives member beekeeping enterprises. In the study, 73 enterprises were determined by stratified random sampling method. Frequency, and percent distribution of these enterprises according to their survey findings for the 2014- 2015 operating period. Differences between the two dependent groups were examined by the "Wilcoxon test". Results: The average age and beekeeping experience (year) of producers with primary school graduates (61.6%) was 50,08 ± 9,25 and 17,52 ± 11,02 respectively. In the enterprises where the rate of specialization is low (20.5%), average honey yield per hive was found to be 14.44 ± 6.56. Among the problems experienced in the production, not to be taken into village land (26,9%) and transportation (17,7%) took the first two places. The producers expect more support from the TAB Associations, where they are members, for storage-marketing and accommodation- transporting. Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be said that the producer profile is important for sustainable beekeeping In particular, young producers are encouraged to use promoting policies in this area. Moreover, in terms of quality and productive honey production, bee diseases should be more effectively fighted and necessary limitations should be given to hive mobility. Current support policies should be revised.

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows, isolation of agents and determination of their antibiotic susceptibility

2018-06-01

Aim: To investigate bacterial agents causing subclinical mastitis in cow husbandry in Kars province, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Subclinical mastitis was identified in 120 (24%) of 500 dairy cows screened by CMT. Within the scope of the study, it was taken milk samples from 120 dairy cows and evaluated in the laboratory. For bacterial isolation, the milk samples were mixed with vortex and 100 μl of milk were streaked on Blood Agar (with 7% sheep blood) and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. For Mycoplasma spp. isolation, milk samples were transferred to PPLO broth and PPLO agar. For phenotypic identification, cultures were evaluated according to the colony morphology, hemolysis on BA and Gram staining properties, and then were subjected to biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates were determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion Test. Results: As a result of bacteriological studies, 229 Staphylococcus spp., 7 Corynebacterium spp., 16 Bacillus spp., 5 Acinetobacter spp., 2 Escherichia coli, and 2 Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from milk samples of 120 cows. As a result of antibiogram, the majority of isolates have found sensitive to cefoxitin (30 μg) and imipenem (10 μg) and the highest resistance among the isolates was determined against to penicillin (10 μg). Conclusion: The screening of subclinical mastitis at certain periods in enterprises, the proper characterization to be determined by isolation and identification of agent are crucial for the profitability and sustainability of dairy farming.

Comparison of radiological and computed tomography results of elbow joint in dogs

2018-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare clinical, radiological and computed tomography results in the early diagnosis of elbow dysplasia which might be a major pathological problem in elbow joint in dogs. Materials and Methods: A total of Twelve dogs prone to articulatio cubiti dysplasia were used as a materials. Dogs were subjected to routine systemic and clinical examinations. The stance analyzer was then used to measure unequal weight distribution in the extremities of the dogs. Radiological examinations of the cases were performed with and medio-lateral and cranio-caudal positions in the flexion and full extension of the elbow joints. The elbow joints of the cases were examined by computed tomography (CT). Results: Cranio-caudal radiological view of elbow joint revealed condylus laterale and mediale humerale, olecranon, fossa olecrani, medial and lateral coronoid process. Ununited anconeal process and separation from the subratrochlear foramen were anatomically observed with medio-lateral and medio-lateral flexion on radiological views. The ununited anconeal process can be definitively identified in the medio-lateral, medio-lateral flexion position. Fragmented or ununited medial coronoid process diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography in order to obtain more precise information, as the radiological examination may be misleading due to the superposition of the anatomical elements. In particular, it was concluded that osteochondrosis cases could be diagnosed by both diagnostic tools. Conclusion: The ununited anconeal process is thought to be easily identifiable by radiological examination, and that CT does not need to be used for this purpose. However, the diagnosis of fragmented or ununited medial coronoid process revealed that CT is superior to radiological imaging.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of digital cushion in dairy cattle with clawhorn lesion and corium lesion (CHLCL)

Celal İzci, Muharrem Erol, Ebru Gökşahin — 2018-06-01

Aim: In this study, ultrasonographic evaluation of digital cushion in dairy cows with claw horn lesion and corium lesion (CHLCL) was aimed. Materials and Methods: In the study, cadaveric feet from Holstein dairy cattle which had the same nutritional and housing conditions and lameness due to CHLCL were used as materials.A total of 240 claws of 30 dairy cows constituted the study material. The cadaveric feet divided into 5 groups,at its own to 6 dairy cows in each group. After the cadaver feet were subjected to clinical examination, functional claw trimming were made in each claw. Digital cushing and sole thickness was measured by ultrasonography using 7.5 MHz convex prob from axial of soleheel transition area and they were recorded. The results were evaluated statistically. Results: When digital cushion thicknesses were evaluated, it was found that differences between groups were not statistically (P>0.05) significant. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P <0.001) in terms of solea thicknesses. Conclusion: Decreasing the thickness of the digital cushion can lead to CHLCL. Therefore, the CHLCL can be prevented by supporting the biomechanical properties of the digital cushion by feeding or genetic selection or by increasing the absorptive capacity of the digital cushion to create trauma and contusions in the claw by controlling the body condition score (BCS).

Prevalence and seasonal distribution of haemosporidian parasites in pigeons of Mymensingh and Rangpur districts, Bangladesh

2018-06-01

Aim: The present epidemiological investigation was carried out to investigate the status of pigeon haemosporidian parasites in two districts (Mymensingh and Rangpur), Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: In total, 300 blood samples of pigeons were examined from January to November, 2016. Blood samples were collected from wing vein and thin smears were prepared from them. All smears were stained with Giemsa stain and examined under microscope. Results: The overall prevalence of haemosporidian parasites was 28% (84 /300) in pigeons. Of those, 22.3% (67/300) of birds were infected with Haemoproteus spp., 5.7% with Plasmodium spp. (17/300) and 2.7% with both genera (8/300). The prevalence rate was insignificantly (p = 0.050) higher in Mymensingh (34.7%) than in Rangpur (24.2%). Male were more susceptible (30.8%) than female (25.3%). Adults (29.5%) were more prone to infectione than young (19.6 %). The prevalence was significantly (p = 0.000) higher in the rainy season (56.1%) followed by summer (33.8%) and winter (10.0%).

Fertility and milk yield traits of different origins of Holstein cattle 2. Milk yield traits

Kürşat Alkoyak, Orhan ÇETİN — 2018-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the milk yield traits together with environmental effects on different Holstein breed reared in Kırşehir. Materials and Methods: The material used in the study was comprised of the yield data of the pregnant Holstein heifers and their calves imported from the USA and Estonia. In the study, records of 263 cows (118 from USA, 145 from Estonia) for milk production was analyzed. Totally 495 lactation records were analyzed. Results: As for milk yield traits; the resuts of gestation lenght, actual and 2 x 305 d milk yield, dry period length were 352±3.85 d, 8986±113 kg and 7004±67.4 kg, 61.6±0.6 d for all cows; 370.7±10.1 d, 9034±295 kg and 6738±161 kg, 60.78±1.37 d for Estonian Holsteins; 296.1±15.1 d, 8383±441 kg and 7450±240 kg, 57.87±2.06 d for USA Holsteins. The origin of cows and age at the begining of the lactation during lactation period (P<0.001 and P<0.05), lactation number with actual milk yield (P<0.01), origin of cows and year of lactation with 2 x 305 d milk yield (P<0.001 and P<0.05), lactation number and dry period length were found significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that USA Holsteins are preferable to Estonian Hosteins in terms of milk production in intensive Holstein breeding in Kırsehir region of Turkey.

A traumatic myiasis case in a cat caused by Lucilia sericata

Ceylan İlhan, Bilal Dik, Nuriza Zamirbekova — 2018-06-01

A female stray cat was brought in agony with a tissue lost wound to the Surgery Clinic of Veterinary Faculty, Selcuk University. During the examination, several larvae were found at the inguinal and anal areas of the cat. The collected larvae were preserved in alcohol 70%, and transparented in potassium hydroxide (KOH) 10% for a few days. In microscopical examination of anterior and posterior spiracles and cephalo-pharyngeal sceleton of the larvae, they were identified as second and third stages larvae of Lucilia sericata.