Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2018; 34(3)

Technical and socio-economics analysis of goat breeding enterprises in region of Aksaray Province

Şahin Bakırtaş, Aytekin Günlü — 2018-09-01

Aim: In this study, technical and socio-economic analyzes of the goat breeding enterprises in Aksaray province were carried out and necessary precautions were taken. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted on 46 farms selected by stratified random sampling method from the establishments producing agricultural production in the central villages connected to the province. The technical and socio-economic analyzes of the operational results and the data obtained from the enterprises have been carried out. Results: The rate of goat breeding as the main job in the surveyed companies was found as 91,30%.It has been determined that the enterprises produced 77,85% bristle goat, 11,94% bristle goat-maltese goat hybrids, 7,05% maltese goat, 2,17% kilis goat and 0,99 %mohair goat, respectively. The average number of goat farms in the enterprises was 126. Cost factors of the enterprises determined as: enterprises are; 37,62% of labor costs, 34,06% of feed costs, 12,15% of depreciation expenses and 3,48% of the veterinary and drug cost. Other expenditure items were determined to be approximately 12,69%. While the enterprises obtained an average profit of 16485,22 TL, the profit per parent animal was calculated as 117,03 TL. It has been determined that the proportional distribution of main income items in goat farming enterprises is 43,78% milk and dairy products and 31,39% live animals sales income. Conclusion: It is clear that for the sustainability of the production in the goat farms, it is necessary that the existing input supply, marketing and health problems be resolved and that the enterprises take necessary internal measures according to the changing market structure and consumer preferences.

Forecasting of commercial egg production in Turkey with Box-Jenkins and Winters Exponential Smoothing Methods

Özlem Kaymaz — 2018-09-01

Aim: The developments in the poultry industry, due to its closeness to an important part of Turkey's potential export markets has increased the interest in this sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate between January (2010) and February (2018) of time series related to commercial egg monthly production in Turkey, with Box-Jenkins and Winter's exponential smoothing method and comparison of the forecast models. Materials and Methods: Data was obtained from Turkey Statistical Institute (TUIK) database which related to commercial egg monthly production in Turkey between 2010 to 2018. In this study, the predictions obtained by using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and Winter's exponential smoothing method and the forecast models were compared with RMSE, MAPE and MAE criterions. Results: When we look at the model of accuracy measures, it can be said that Winter's exponential smoothing is more accurate than Box-Jenkins method. The multiplicative model of Winter's exponential smoothing method is preferred because the MAPE and MAE values are smaller. Conclusion: According to multiplicative Winter's exponential smoothing method, it is predicted that commercial egg production will increase 3.27% in 2018, 7.69% in 2019 based on the year 2017. According to results, the amount of commercial egg production tends to increase between 2018 and 2019. Forecasting commercial egg production can be used in the poultry sector and useful for better decision making and production planning for the future.

Meta-Analysis of the factors effecting the some growth characteristics of the lambs

Esra Bozkurt Erol, Mehmet Emin Tekin — 2018-09-01

Aim: In this study, we investigated the effects of gender and birth type of lambs on birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain using meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: The selected 51 research results according to specified criteria and obtained from published articles between 1990 and 2011. Consistent estimates of the effect size of the each research based on averages with meta-analysis have been calculated. Because the heterogeneity between studies for the factors effecting the growth characteristics was found significant (P<0.05), random effects model was used in meta-analysis. Because of insufficient and unsuitable data, dam age factor has not been evaluated. Results: The effect size of gender was found as 0,39 for birth weight, 0,47 for weaning weight and 0,62 for daily live weight gain and all of them were found significant (P<0.001). According to this, the effect of gender on birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain was to be significant. The effect size of birth type was found as 1,14 for birth weight, 0,76 for weaning weight and 0,47 for daily live weight gain and all of them were found significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to meta-analysis made in this study, the gender and birth type factors were found effective on birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of lambs.

Determination of microbiological, chemical, and sensory characteristics of hosmerim desserts derived from sheep, goat, and cow cheese

Yılmaz Seçim, Gürkan Uçar — 2018-09-01

Aim: It is aimed to determine the quality characteristics of the hosmerim desserts produced by using goat, sheep and cow cheeses during storage. Materials and Methods: The cheeses have been produced from goat, sheep and cow milk obtained from farms producing under controlled conditions. The three groups production of the hosmerim was carried out in 3 replicates. Analyzes of microbiological, chemical, physicochemical and sensory properties were made and statistical analyzes were made on days 7 and 14 after the production of the Hosmerim desserts. Results: There were no differences in dry matter, ash and acidity values (p> 0,05) of Hosmerim desserts. It was determined that there were significant differences (p <0.01, p <0.001) at 7th and 14th days when the pH values of the hosmerim samples could not be determined at 0 day (p> 0,05). There were differences in the fat, color, textural and sensory analysis values of the samples at days of storage 0,7 and 14. No microorganisms were found in Hosmerim desserts. Conclusion: It has been observed that Höşmerim desserts produced using standard method and packaged with apropriate materials can be microbiologically and chemically preserved for 14 days and sensory properties maintenance for 7 days after production under standard conditions and packaging with appropriate materials. It is thought that which milk is used in the production of cheese used in the production of cheese dessert should be stated in a certain way.

Presence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken meat and giblets consumed in Konya, Turkey

Arife Ezgi Telli, Yusuf Biçer, Hatice Ahu Kahraman, Nihat Telli, Yusuf Doğruer — 2018-09-01

Aim: The present study was on the detection of Salmonella spp. and two important Salmonella serotypes (S. Thyphimurium and S. Enteritidis) in chicken meat and giblets and also determination of antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. Materials and Methods: In this study, livers (n=40), gizzards (n=40), hearts (n=30), skins (n=30), drumsticks (n=10) and wings (n=20) were collected from supermarkets and butcher shops in Konya, Turkey. The samples were analyzed by Classical Cultural Technique. Molecular confirmation of the suspicious colonies was carried out using Inv-A gene- based PCR. Flic-C and IE-1 primers were used by duplex PCR for S. Thyphimurium and S. Enteritidis respectively. Antibiotic resistance of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. Results: Forty-three (25.29 %) of 170 samples were positive for Salmonella spp. According to the d-PCR assay, neither S. Thyphimurium nor S. Enteritidis was not detected. The resistance to clindamycin, oxacillin, teicoplanin were evident 100 % and resistance to vancomycin (79.1 %), erythromycin (79.1 %), nalidixic acid (65.1 %), penicillin G (60.5 %) cephalothin (48.8 %), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (37.2 %), tetracycline (37.2 %), ampicillin (23.3 %), kanamycin (18.6 %), chloramphenicol (11.6 %) amikacin, cephazoline, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin (4.7 %) was also detected. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and cefixime. Conclusion: The results indicated that S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were not identified and it was considered satisfactory in terms of public health. It should be still important to note the studies to identify species with lower pathogenic incidences for legal legislation. Furthermore, even the most common pathogenic species cannot be detected, the results of antibiotic resistance in isolates were noteworthy for antibiotic surveillance database.

A macroanatomic investigation of the coronary arteries and myocardial bridges in Awassi sheep

Gürsoy Aksoy, Zekeriya Özüdoğru, Derviş Özdemir — 2018-09-01

Aim: The purpose of the study was to reveal the course of coronary arteries and localization of myocardial bridges. Materials and Methods: It was used 10 mature Awassi sheep of both sex. The color latex injection method was applied to the materials. Results: The subepicardial adipose tissue was found to extend up to approximately the middle of the paraconal interventricular and subsinuosal interventricular grooves. Coronary arteries had partially an intramyocardial course. A third coronary artery sprang almost from the aorta on the right side of right coronary artery in 4 of the hearts. The left proximal atrial branch directly originated from the left coronary artery in 9 hearts. The paraconal interventricular branch coursed up to the middle of the subsinuosal interventricular groove in 2 hearts. The left distal ventricular branch was not formed in 1 heart. The myocardial bridges were observed at the beginning of the paraconal interventricular groove and on, both the paraconal interventricular and subsinuosal interventricular grooves in 8 and 2 hearts, respectively. In 1 heart, the myocardial bridge was also seen on the coronary groove. There was no myocardial bridge on the right coronary artery and its branches. Conclusion: Some researchers have suggested the human heart's resemblance to the sheep heart and sheep heart can be used as a model in human cardiovascular surgeon. Therefore, the presented study can give an idea of both the identification of the heart in the Awassi sheep and whether sheep heart can be used as a model in human medicine.

Phenotypic and molecular identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli in healthy broilers at the west region of Iran

Sina Sheikhi, Elham Ahmadi — 2018-09-01

Aim: The presence of fecal carriers of extended-spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL) genes in poultry is worrisome because it is likely to spread to a human being. This study was proposed to estimate the frequency of ESBLs carriers in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broilers gut in west of Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy broiler. E. coli strains were isolated, confirmed molecularly and studied using disk combination method, antimicrobial susceptibility test and ESBL-detection polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Results: Two hundred and eighty five strains of E. coli were isolated biochemically and all were confirmed in a speciesspecific PCR reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility test on 156 ESBL-producing E. coli identified by phenotypic method revealed that 100 % of them were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while all were sensitive to imipenem. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes was 52.63%, 38.59%, and 30.17% respectively. The simultaneous existence of several ESBL genes was identified in 52.61% of the isolates. Conclusions: The vast prevalence of ESBL carriers with multiple resistance in poultry is a threat to public health. Consistent monitoring and proper use of antibiotics in the regions poultry industry should be applied.

Antimicrobial resistances of Escherichia coli isolated from Buteo rufinus

2018-09-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine microbiological examination of cloacal swab specimens taken from Long-legged Buzzards (Buteo rufinus) and antibiotic resistance of isolated Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. Materials and Methods: The cloacal swab specimens were obtained from 24 Long-legged Buzzards which were admitted to Afyon Kocatepe University Veterinary Faculty clinics. The samples were cultured on different media for various bacteria (Salmonella species, E. coli, Mycoplasma, Gram-positive cocci, etc.). The media were incubated at 37°C in aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. ISO 6579 protocol was applied for Salmonella. In addition, antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria were determined. Results: Twenty-four E. coli were isolated from all cloacal swab samples. In addition, Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from one sample. While all E. coli isolates were susceptible to florfenicol and ciprofloxacin, other antibiotics were found to be susceptible at different rates. Conclusion: This study is important because it is the first microbiological examination of cloacal swaps of Long-legged Buzzards in this Country. In addition, it was significantly evaluated that E. coli strains were resistant to various antibiotics with different ratios while no antibiotics are used using antibiotics in Long-legged Buzzards.

Prevalence of helminths in horses raised in Konya Province

Uğur Uslu, Osman Güngör — 2018-09-01

Aim: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of helminth species in horses raised in Konya region of Turkey. Materials and Methods: One hundred adult horses of varying age, gender and breed from five randomly chosen farms were sampled. Fresh fecal samples were taken between February and March 2016 and examined by flotation, Benedek's Sedimentation and Baermann Wetzel technique and, strongylid eggs were detected, and then subsequent larval culture was performed. Results: The overall prevalences of egg excretion were 49% for Cyatostomins, 12% for Parascaris equorum and 2% for Oxyuris equi. On all five farms, at least one horse shed strongylid eggs, while P. equorum and O. equi eggs were excreted by horses from four and two farms, respectively. Harvested larvae from samples with strongylid eggs were subsequently differentiated morphologically. Larvae of Trichonema sp., Poteriostomum sp., S. vulgaris, S. edentatus and Triodontophorus sp. were found with overall prevalence of 49%, 17%, 3%, 3% and 1%, respectively. Larvae of Strongylus equinus were not found. Conclusion: On each of the five farms horses were infected with Trichonema sp. and Poteriostomum sp. S. vulgaris eggs were excreted by horses of two farms, while infections with S. edentatus or Triodontophorus sp. were only seen in horses on one farm. Neither trematode nor cestode eggs nor larvae of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi could be detected. Small strongyles and to a much lesser extent large strongyles are the main gastro-intestinal helminthic infections of horses in Konya region.

Investigation of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in hospital staff and health school students in Elazig by Elisa

Sinan İrtegün, Nazir Dumanlı — 2018-09-01

Aim: This study was conducted on the purpose of determining the existence and prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the voluntary group consisting of physician, nurses, cooks and intern students from five different hospitals in Elazig. Material and Methods: A total of 100 blood samples, which were drawn from the physician, nurses, cooks and students each consisting of 25, were examined by ELISA for the existence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies. Results: In 27 out of 100 samples which examined for Toxoplasma gondii IgG was detected positive, and 14 out of them was detected positive for IgM. The highest IgG seropositivity was seen in nurses (68%), it was followed by cooks (32%) and physician (8%), and no positivity was detected in students. IgM seropositivity was 20% for physician and trainees, and it was 8% for cooks and nurses. "IgG seropositivity was 31,2% among those with raw meat eating habit, similarly the rate was 23,5% among those having no experience of raw meat eating habit." Among the participants who had cats at home, 28.3% were seropositive, and seropositivity rate was 22.5% in the persons who had no cat in their life"The infection prevalence among age groups 18-25, 26-30, and ≥31 was 3.70% (1 of 27), 47.8% (11 0f 23), 28% (14 of 50) respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that T.gondii positivity was higher especially in nurses among other health workers. And seropositivity was found to be higher in groups with raw meat consumption or in cat owners.

A case of traumatic myiasis in a white stork (Ciconia ciconia) caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Mehmet Yaman, Aykut Zerek , Şerife Akküçük — 2018-09-01

A stork was brought to the Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Clinics with the complaint of injury. On the examination, larvae were observed open humerus fracture on the left wing. Larvae were identified depending on the morphological characters of the anterior spiracles, posterior spiracles and cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton. The results of microscopic examination of the larvae were identified as the third stage larvae of Lucilia sericata. According to the literature information, traumatic myiasis cases were rarely observed in white storks. A case of traumatic myiasis in a white stork caused by L. sericata reported in Hatay.