Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2019; 35(4)

The occupational health and safety evaluation of official veterinarians in Turkey

Gökhan Aslım, Aşkın Yaşar — 2019-12-01

Aim: The study aims to reveal the risks that veterinarians who work in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkey faced and/or may face in terms of occupational health safety and to develop a questionnaire regarding the issue. Materials and Methods: The population of the study was made up of veterinarians serving in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The provinces from which the representative samples will be taken were determined by taking into consideration the presence of Ministry affiliated institutions and the potential of participating groups that are included in the sample to be present, based on Turkey's geographical regions. A total of 630 official veterinarians participated in the survey. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS 25 Statistical Program. Results: The study determined the situations that the participants may face the most in terms of occupational health safety as accident risk, contagious disease and skin diseases while the situations to be faced the least were heavy load, frazzle, damaging the equipment or products and being exposed to physical violence. Conclusion: An important condition of providing quality veterinarian service for public and animal health is healthy veterinarians and this may possibly be provided with a working environment where the elements of occupational health and safety are adequate. It may be asserted that the provision of this environment is one of the preliminary and important duties of the Ministry and to this end, employees' occupational health safety must be planned and all types of measures must be taken.

Macro-anatomic, cross-sectional anatomic, and computerized tomographic examination of anal region in dogs

Cüneyt Tunahan Maviş, Memduh Gezici — 2019-12-01

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the anatomical structures of anal region in dogs via different anatomical examination methods and to present an approach to the region in terms of three perspectives. Our study is important for presenting new approaches for the clinical cases such as perineal hernia, anal sac inflammation and fistulae, rectal prolapse etc. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 12 dog cadavers. Comparative dissection study was conducted on perineal region of 3 male and 3 female dog cadavers. A cross-sectional anatomical study was performed in 3 male and 3 female cadavers. From 1 male dog cadaver, computerized tomographic images of perineal region were obtained and added to the images obtained within the scope of the present study. Results: In the study, anal region was examined under three anatomical titles. Pelvic diaphragm and its anatomical structures, which are shown via figures and drawings in the literature, were determined using dissection, cross-sectional anatomy, and computerized tomography methods. Three-dimensional anatomical data obtained by sagittal, transversal and horizontal sections was comparatively determined via cross-sectional anatomy and computerized tomography methods. In addition, the values of the muscles of the anal region such as origin, insertion, thickness and width were measured and a correlation was found between the age of the dog and the measurements. Conclusion: The contribution of this study is important for development of diagnostic and treatment methods in approaches to be exhibited especially towards pathological and clinical cases such as perineal hernia, rectal prolapse, urethrotomy, anal sac inflammation and fistulae.

Isolation and moleculer identification of thermophilic Campylobacter species from mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

2019-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the Camplyobacter species which adversely affect human and animal health in mallard. Materials and Methods: 110 stool samples were collected from the mallard and examined by the cultural and molecular method. For pre-enrichment step, samples were inoculated with Preston Campylobacter Enrichment Broth. At the end of the incubation, preenriched culture was inoculated on Preston Campylobacter Selective Agar and the plates were incubated for 48-72 hours at 42°C. The cultures in which the growth was observed were first evaluated for the colony morphology and then for microscopic appearance. Suspected colonies were examined with multiplex PCR. Results: In this study, Campylobacter spp. was found in 10 (9.1%) of the 110 stool specimens. All 10 isolates were typed as Campylobacter jejuni by multiplex PCR. Conclusion: In this study, Campylobacter was detected in mallards and it was concluded that mallard may be an important reservoir for Campylobacter species. Besides, since Kars area is on the migration route of birds, it is important to examine the migratory birds and to determine the infections which birds have the potential.

Immunohistochemical distribution of ghrelin, obestatin and leptin hormones in the abomasum of hair goat

Zelal Karakoç, Uğur Topaloğlu, Muzaffer Aydın Ketani — 2019-12-01

Aim: Ghrelin, obestatin and leptin hormones are called appetite regulating hormones. It reported that ghrelin initiates feeding, obestatin suppresses appetite and leptin gives a feeling of fullness. In human and other mammalian species, studies have reported that ghrelin, obestatin and leptin are expressed at different concentrations from all parts of the stomach. The present study was conducted to determine the expression of ghrelin, obestatin and leptin hormones in hair goat abomasum. Materials and Methods: The abomasum tissues for the study were obtained from 6-8-month-old kids and were collected from cardia, fundus and pylorus regions of the animals abomasums. The ghrelin, obestatin and leptin immunohistochemical staining methods were used, which were applied to all of the sections following the routine histological process. Results: The immunoreactivity of ghrelin, obestatin and leptin was found to be different in all parts of the abomasum. Immunoreactivity was found to be dispersed settlement the abomasum in the cardia region. According to the mean H score, it was determined that ghrelin, obestatin and leptin were intensely expressed in the cardia, pilorus and fundus regions. Conclusion: The appetite hormones (ghrelin, obastatin and leptin) were expressed at different concentrations from the cardia, fundus and pilorus regions in the abomazum, suggesting that these hormones perform similar functions in hair goats considering their physiological effects on feed intake. More research is needed to about use of animal nutrition of ghrelin, obestatin and leptin hormones.

Cointegration analysis of broiler meat and broiler feed prices in Turkey

2019-12-01

Aim: The high share of feed costs among the costs of inputs used in broiler breeding plays a significant role in the formation of broiler meat price. As the production of raw materials used in the broiler feed industry is not sufficient to meet the demand in the domestic market, the demand is met by importation. As such, the fluctuations in the exchange rates are reflected in the price of the final product. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the variables of broiler meat and broiler feed price series. Materials and Methods: In Turkey, the relations between the variables related to the price series of broiler meat and broiler feed in TL and in USD between 2006 and 2018 were determined by johansen cointegration analysis technique. Results: The results of the analysis indicate that the broiler feed and broiler meat prices in Turkey are cointegrated in the short-term and follow each other's pattern. It was found that the change in the prices of feed had an effect on the TRY-denominated prices of poultry meat in two months and USD-denominated prices of poultry meat in one month. Conclusion: Consequently, broiler meat prices should be set taking into account the costs of inputs in the short-term. However, since the fluctuations in the USD exchange rate affect the input prices immediately, an effective price mechanism for broiler prices cannot be developed.

Expression profile of cannabinoid receptor 2 in ovine ileum during prenatal development

Mehmet Özbek, Hidayet Tutun, Emel Ergün, Feyzullah Beyaz, Levent Ergün — 2019-12-01

Aim: Here, we aimed to explore cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) expression in ovine ileum during prenatal development using immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: We used 20 ileal samples from fetal sheep whose gestational ages range from 63 to 147 days. To visualize CB2 expression in ileum, we applied labeled Streptavidin Biotin method to paraffin sections. Results: The majority of the intestinal epithelium showed a weak positive reaction for CB2. Interestingly, we observed intense intracytoplasmic staining in some epithelial cells of both intestinal villi and crypts. Moreover, CB2 immunoreaction was observed in ganglion cells in submucosal and myenteric plexus. We also determined positive staining in smooth muscle cells of lamina and tunica muscularis. Towards the end of the prenatal period, we found histologically mature Peyers patches. CB2 staining was detected in the majority of immune cells forming the follicle and dome region. Follicle associated epithelium also showed CB2 immunoreaction. Conclusion: The present study is the first to describe CB2 expression in fetal sheep ileum. CB2 expression was determined in epithelial cells, smooth muscles, enteric neurons and Peyers patches in ileum fetal sheep under physiological conditions. Considering the morphology of epithelial cells with intense CB2 staining and previous findings, CB2 may be a possible marker for enteroendocrine cells during the prenatal period.

Determination of the effect of danofloxacin on 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level

Devran Coşkun, Rahmi Canbar, Yasemin Korkmaz, Burak Dik, Ayşe Er, Enver Yazar — 2019-12-01

Aim: The primary aim of this study is to determine the effect of danofloxacin administrations on 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8- OHDG) level, oxidative stress biomarker, in sheep. In addition, to determine on heart [Troponin I, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], liver [Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and kidney [Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine] damage biomarkers and hemogram parameters [White blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit]. Materials and Methods: In this study, 6 mg/kg/day (Subcutaneous) dose of danofloxacin was applied to 10 sheep for 14 days. Blood samples were taken on day 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days. Serum 8-OHDG, troponin I and CK-MB isoenzyme levels were measured with ELISA reader, while serum LDH, AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine and BUN values were determined with autoanalyzer. Hemogram parameters were determined with hemocell counter. Results: In this study, 8-OHDG levels did not change (P>0,05) statistically, while temporal elevations in troponin I, CK-MB isoenzyme and AST levels were determined (P<0,05). Statistical fluctuations (P<0,05) were determined in BUN levels, while decreases in WBC, RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit values (P<0,05) and temporary increase in platelet level were determined (P<0,05). Conclusion: It can be stated that danofloxacin administration to sheep for 14 days does not cause systemic oxidative stress and does not cause seriously effects to the function of heart, liver, kidney and bone marrow.

The determination of polymorphisms between 6-9 exons of the water buffalo STAT5A gene

Emsal İbiş, Metin Erdoğan — 2019-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the polymorphisms between 6^th -9^th exons of STAT5A gene which affects milk yield and milk composition in Anatolian buffaloes. Materials and Methods: The material of the study was composed of the blood samples taken from 96 Anatolian buffaloes grown in Afyonkarahisar region. Results: According to the results of the research, g+12221 C> T polymorphism was detected in the 8th exon of STAT5A gene. Conclusion: The signal transducer and transcription activator 5A gene (signal transducers and activators of transcription 5A, STAT5A) is important in dairy animal breeding because it has many vital tasks within the cell as well in addition to affecting milk yield and composition. In this study, the polymorphism in the 8^th exon was described as a silent mutation since protein synthesis did not cause a change in amino acid sequence. In order to make the breeding studies more efficient, it is important to increase the studies on STAT5A gene, which affects milk yield and milk composition in mammals.

Examination of different breeding types in Anatolian Black and Brown Swiss Cattles reared in Şile region

Ramazan Kılıçel, Cafer Tepeli — 2019-12-01

Aim: This study was carried out to examine growth characteristics of calves (from birth to 12^th month) of Anatolian Black and Brown Swiss Cattles reared in different types of extensive rearing, Şile Region. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 29 Brown Swiss and 71 Anatolian Black between 2011 and 2013 years. Calves were grouped four different extensive rearing types. These were Continuous Pasture Brown Swiss (CPBS), Continuous Pasture Anatolian Black (CPAB), Returned to Housing in Evening Time Anatolian Black (RHETAB) and Returned to Housing in Evening Time Anatolian Black with Additional Feeding (RHETAB with AF), respectively. For determining growth characteristics in calves, data related to live weight, chest girth, body length and shoulder height were taken at birth, in 3^rd month, in 6^th month and in 12^th month, respectively. Results: According to rearing types birth weights of the calves were 26,07±0,67 kg, 21,24±0,75 kg, 20,64±0,80 kg and 22,12±0,79 kg respectively. There was a statistically difference with respect to birth weight in favor of group one at birth (P<0,01). In 12^th month live weight of the calves were 185,20±5,28 kg, 147,75±5,89 kg, 133,30±6,30 kg and 173,19±6,23 kg in rearing groups respectively. The difference with respect to live weight disappeared between calves of Brown Swiss and Anatolian Black with additional feeding groups (P>0,05). Conclusion: In Şile Region, Brown Swiss may be preferred against Anatolian Black to obtain more meat production in extensive cattle breeding. During periods of poor pasture quality, it is advisable to perform additional feeding for both Brown Swiss and Anatolian Black.