Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2020; 36(1)

Determination of alpha-napthyl acetate esterase activity of native and frozen-thawed bull sperm acrosome

Ülkü Nur Canbolat, İlhami Çelik, Rukiye Erdoğan — 2020-03-01

Aim: The assay of the leakage of acrosomal enzymes into seminal plasma might provide an early and sensitive evidence for membrane damage ocurred during freezing of semen for artificial insemination. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase is one of the acrosomal enzymes that can be used for this purpose. In the the present study, the positivity rates and localization pattern of alphanaphthyl acetate esterase in the spermatozoa of both native and frozen-thawed bull semen samples were determined by light microscopy. Materials and Methods: Semen samples of 7 bull were used as material. Smears were prepared from native and frozen-thawed semen samples. The enzyme was demonstrated by a cytochemical method. Specimens were observed under ligth microscope. Positivity rates of alpha-naphtyl acetate eseterasepositive spermatozoa, distribution and localization pattern of the enzymatic reaction were determined. Results: The reddish-brown enzymatic reaction was peculiar to spermatozoon acrosome. In some cells, the enzymatic reaction was observed as a narrow band located on acrosomal membrane. The enzymatic reaction intesity was not similar in all cells and was weaker in some cells. The reaction product primarily located in the acrosome. There were large individual differences in alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity rates of the native sperm samples. The native semen samples with low spermatozoon vitality and motility tended to display lower of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity rates. Freeze- thawing process significantly decreased alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity rates of the samples. Conclusion: Acrosomal alpha-naphtyl acetate esterase might be considered as a significant parameter in the asssessment of availibility for freezing and to determine fertility potential of the bull semen.

Comparative efficacy of propofol and clove oil as sedatives in transportation of Jack Dempsey fish (Rocio octofasciata)

Tuba Özge Yaşar, Çetin Yağcılar, Mehmet Yardımcı — 2020-03-01

Aim: The aim of this research was to examine the efficacies of propofol and clove oil to decrease the metabolic activity during transportation in order to determine optimal protocols for sedation of fish. Materials and Methods: 126 Jack Dempsey fish were used in this research. Control (n:42), propofol (n:42) and clove oil (n:42) groups placed into closed clear plastic fish bags filled with three litres of oxygen per litre of water and supplemented with 0.1 ml/L of propofol and clove oil. Respiratory rates, induction and recovery times, feed intake and color-changing times were measured while reactions to light, vibration and touch were scored for sensitivity controls. Results: According to the results, the decrease of respiratory rates per minute (67.26 ± 6.3, 50.26 ± 9.4, 36.52 ± 4.6, 11.74 ± 4.8, 7.10 ± 3.5, 4.50 ± 2.2, 3.69 ±1.5) and recovery time respiratory rates (frequency per minute) of the propofol group (80.12 ± 1.84) differed from the control and clove oil groups (p ? 0.05). Regarding the sensibility controls, propofol group was less sensible to light, vibration and touch. Conclusion: Considering its low cost and easy availability, since propofol has been found to be more suitable and clove oil was more ineffective than propofol, therefore propofol can be recommended as a priority in the transport of aquarium fish.

Effect of drinking water supplementation of different aromatic plant essential oils on performance and some blood parameters in quail breeders (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Özlem Durna Aydın — 2020-03-01

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of added to Mintofarm (mixture essential oil consist of mint oil, juniper oil, rosemary oil and oregano vulgare oil) added in drinking water at on performance, egg production and blood antioxidant parameters such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein and globulin in quail breeders. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 quail breeders 17 weeks of aged were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group was divided into 5 subgroups. There were 60 quails in the control group and 50 quails in the other two groups. Male and female numbers were equal. Treatments were as follows: C (Control; without supplementation); M1 (0,1ml/L mintofarm supplementation in drinking water) and M2 (0,3ml/L mintofarm supplementation in drinking water). Results: It was determined that the addition of mintofarm to drinking water of quail breeders did not have a significant effect on performance, egg weight, daily egg production, CAT, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein, and globülin. MDA, GSH, SOD and GPx values were significantly affected by the addition of mintofarm (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined that mintofarm did not affect the performance parameters, it significantly affected the oxidantantioxidant balance in quail bredeers.The use of mintofarm in quail bredeers drinking water has a protective effect against oxidative stress.

Effect of flunixin meglumine usage on conception rates on estrus synchronized of Awassi ewes during breeding season

Muhammed Allabban, Hüseyin Erdem — 2020-03-01

Aim: In the present study; the effects of flunixin meglumine application on the fertility of synchronized Awassi ewes was investigated during breeding season. Materials and Methods: In this study 100 multiparous Awassi ewes, aged 2-4, housed in the same care and feeding conditions used. For this purpose, 30 mg fluorogesteron acetate vaginal sponge placed into the vagina during the breeding season (September- October). On the 11th days after insertion of sponge, 10 mg PGF2? intramuscularly administered. Vaginal sponges withdrawn on day 12 and administered with 400 IU PMSG intramuscularly. Following intramuscular PMSG injection the ewes which show estrus sign joined to known fertility rams. The animals were allocated into two equal groups as treatment and control. Flunixin meglumine applied i.m at the dose of 1.1 mg / kg on the 9th day and on the 10th day post mating (n = 50) included in the treated group. No treatment made to the ewes (n = 50) included in the control group. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed by trans-abdominal route by real time ultrasonography on day 50 after mating. Results: The rate of conception in the treated and control groups was 40.9 % and 33.3 %, respectively (p >0.05). The rate of lambing in treated and control groups was 77.7 % and 87.5 %, respectively (p >0.05). Conclusion: The application of flunixin meglumine on the 9th and 10th days after breeding in Awasi ewes only increased the rate of conception numerically. However, it can be considered to increase conception rate in alternative options such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer.

In-vitro acaricidal activity of Peganum harmala and Glaucium flavum alkaloid against Rhipicephalus sp. of dog

Rosa Kebbi, Omar Besseboua, Mohamed Nait-Mouloud, Abdelhanine Ayad — 2020-03-01

Aim: The major problem of drug intended for tick control is resistance developed to application doses on the hosts. The acaricidal effects of alkaloids from Glaucium flavum and Peganum harmala were evaluated in vitro on adult female of Rhipicephalus sp. collected in naturally infected dogs. Materials and Methods: The acaricide activities of the both extracts (3.12, 6.2, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/ml) were evaluated using the adult immersion test, reproductive index and inhibition oviposition. DMSO (1%) and SEB (1?l/ml) were used as a negative and positive control. Results: The percent mortality caused by the methanolic extracts of both plants varied from 41.66 to 75 %, when tested at concentrations ranging from 3.12 to 50 mg/ml, and significantly different compared to control (p<0.05). Visually hatching of the eggs was completely blocked only by G. flavum with 50 mg/ml; however, other extracts of both plants were partially able to block the hatching. The oviposition and reproductive rate of both plants were concentration dependent in both plants and significantly different (p<0.05) compared to negative control. Also, the extracts of P. harmala seem to be more efficient against Rhipicephalus sp. adults at different concentrations than the extracts G. flavum. The alkaloid extracts of both plants high effects were observed with 6.25 and 50 mg/ml for G. flavum and with 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml for P. harmala. Conclusion: The total alkaloids extracted from the G. flavum root and P. harmala seed have good acaricidal activities in vitro reducing potentially the egg laying of Rhipicephalus sp. females.

The effect of target breeding and presynch-ovsynch synchronization methods on conception rate in postpartum first insemination in Holstein breed cows

Kübra Karakaş Alkan, Hasan Alkan — 2020-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of target breeding and presynch-ovsynch synchronization protocols on the conception rate in the first insemination in Holstein breed cows. Materials and Methods: Study material was consisted of 160 healthy Holstein cows within 30-35 days postpartum and 2.5-6 year of age. The cows were first examined by rectally and ultrasonographically and animals without any problems in the genital system were included in the study. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (Target breeding, n = 60) cows were injected with PGF2? three times at 14 days intervals. After the third injection of PGF2?, animals showing estrus up to 72 hours were inseminated. Animals that did not show estrus were inseminated in fixed time at 80th hour. In the second group (Presynch-Ovsynch, n = 50) cows were injected with PGF2? twice 14 days apart and Ovsynch protocol was started 12 days following the second PGF2? injection. Cows in the third group (Control, n = 50) did not receive any treatment. Postpartum first insemination day and conception rates were recorded. Pregnancy examinations of cows were performed by ultrasonography on the 30th day following insemination. Results: Pregnancy rates in target breeding, presynch-ovsynch and control groups were as 36.66% (22/60), 32.0% (16/50) and 24.0% (12/60), respectively (p>0.05). In the target breeding group, estrus was observed in 38 (63.33%; 38/60) cows within 72 hours following the last injection of PGF2?. Pregnancy rates were 42.10% (16/38) and 27.27% (6/22) in inseminated cows by showing estrus and fixed-time inseminated cows without showing estrus, respectively. Conclusion: Although the conception rates after the first insemination did not increase statistically in the target breeding and presynch-ovsynch groups, higher conception rates were obtained in these groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, it is thought that these synchronization protocols may have a positive effect in the first service period however; further studies with more animals are needed.

Morphometric, histometric and histomorphological investigation of the effects of different ratios safflower (Chartamus tinctorius L.) oil supplements on glandula uropygialis in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

2020-03-01

Aim: The purpose of this studywas to investigate the effect of safflower oil added to the diet of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on the morphometric, histometric and histomorphological featuresof glandula uropygialis. Materials and Methods: Daily rations of 40 Japanese quail were prepared supplementing with different levels of safflower oil. The quails were allocated to 4 experimental groups each consisting of 10 individuals (5 male and 5 female). All groups were fed with isoenergic ration containing 21% crude protein and 3100 kCal metabolic energy during six weeks. The control group consumed the basic ration (0% safflower oil) while experimental groups were fed with rations containing three different levels (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) of safflower. Quails were slaughtered on 42nd day of the experiment and their glandula uropygialis were separated from the body to make morphometric measurements. Routine tissue processing was performed for histometric examination, then the tissues were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin and Sudan Black. Results: The results indicated that safflower oil supplementatio had a significant effect on papillary length, left lobe length, glandular weight, relative glandular weight, glycogen region thickness(p<0.05) and right lobe length with (p<0.01). Significant differences were also observed between males and females in papillary length, wall thickness of glandular fat region (p<0.05) and live weight (p<0.001). Conclusion: As a result we suggested that safflower oil which is effective on lipid metabolism had significant impacts on the morphometric parameters of glandula uropygialis in Japanese quails. Further studies are necessary in order to assess the long term effect of safflower supplementation on the morphometry of glandula uropygialis in Japanese quails.

Investigation of Listeria spp in chicken meat consumed in Erzurum

Emre Kaya, Mustafa Atasever — 2020-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the presence and prevalence of Listeria spp. in chicken meat in Erzurum province. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 chicken thigh meat samples which were consumed in Erzurum were analyzed. In the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. species were used TS EN ISO 2017 method and Microbact 12 L Listeria Identification test Kit. Results: 64 (64%) Listeria spp were isolated in 64 (64%) out of 100 chicken meat samples, identification of those indicated 16 (25 %) isolates as L. monocytogenes, 26 (40.62 %) as L. innocua, 12 (18.75 %) L. grayi, 5 (7.81 %) L. murrayi and 5 (7.81 %) L. welshimeri. In the samples, 25 Listeria species were detected via Microbact 12 L Listeria identification test kit. Of these Listeria species, 7 (28%) were L. monocytogenes; L. innocua of 10 (40%); 6 of them (24%) were L. grayi; 1 (4%) was L. murrayi and 1 (4%) was L. welshimeri. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of Listeria spp. in chicken meat is relatively high in Erzurum. Chicken meat should be produced under appropriate, hygienic and technological conditions for the prevention of public health.

Robustness of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) under the distributions assumptions and variance homogeneity

Can Ateş, Özlem Kaymaz, Mustafa Agah Tekindal, Beyza Doğanay Erdoğan — 2020-03-01

Aim: As in all parametric methods, the ANCOVA method assumes that normal distributions of errors, homogeneity of variances, and error terms are independent of each other. However, unusual distributions in practice are more common than normal distribution. In this study, it is aimed to examine ANCOVA method or type 1 error rates under different distribution conditions and homogeneity of variances. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a simulation studies under different scenarios was conducted. Random numbers were generated from Gamma, Beta and Normal distributions considering different groups and different sample sizes. In the simulation studies, 10000 replications were run under the null hypothesis of no group differences and type-I error rates were calculated for each scenario. Results: According to the results, in the case of the normal distribution with homogeneous variance, the proportion of Type I error is high in the groups with the sample size of n=20 and n=40. In the case of normal distribution with the heterogeneous variance, the deviation has been observed in the groups with the sample size of n = 10 and n = 30, and n = 40. These results are the same as the results of Gamma distribution. In the Beta distribution, , there is a deviation in the groups with n=10 and n=20 where the sample sizes are small. Conclusion: The results showed that type-I error rate is affected by skewness of the distribution, sample size and homogeneity of variance. Further work can be extended by simulation studies under different distributions and parameter values.

Milk yield and reproductive performance of Hair goats raised under the extensive condition in Konya and Karaman regions of Turkey

Mehmet Emin Tekin,Mehmet Arlı, Şahin Öztürk, Murat Öğeç — 2020-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of milk yield and reproductive performance of Hair goats raised under the extensive condition in Konya and Karaman regions of Turkey. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 383 and 58044 records were analyzed for milk yield and reproductive performance, respectively. Six measurements were performed with 30 days intervals for evaluating of the goats? milk yield characteristics. Individual lactation milk yield was calculated as area under the lactation curve. General linear model involving factors of region, farm, goat age and birth type were used for milk yield characteristics in statistical analyses, Chi square test was employed for evaluating the reproductive performance. Results: The mean of the lactation period, daily and lactation milk yield, were found as 171.0 days, 753.7 mL, and 128.9 L, respectively. Despite the fact that the effect of birth type factor on all three characteristics was not significant (p>0.05), it was found that the region and farm factors had a significant effect on all three characteristics (p<0.001). Goat age factor had a significant effect on daily milk yield and lactation milk yield (p<0.001). Birth rate, twin rate, and kidding rate of goats were found as 81%, 9%, and 0.88, respectively. In reproductive performance, the significant difference between two regions and also significant differences among years in each regions were seen (p<0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, the parameters of the lactation milk yield and lactation period in Hair goats raised in both regions were seen in higher value than the levels reported previously in the literature.