Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2021; 37(1)

Comparison of blood gases, hematological and monitorization parameters and determine prognostic importance of selected variables in hypotensive and non-hypotensive calves with sepsis

Amir Naseri, Merve İder — 2021-03-01

Aim: The aim of the present study was to comparison of blood gases, hematological and monitorization parameters in hypotensive and non-hypotensive calves with sepsis and also, determine the probably prognostic variables to prediction mortality. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two calves were met the criteria of sepsis were enrolled in the study. Hypotension was defined as presence of systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg and/or mean arterial pressure (MAP) <65mmHg. Results: During study 7 (58%) hypotensive and 4 (40%) non-hypotensive calves died. Clinical findings showed that hypotensive calves had a lower body temperature, SBP and MAP than hypotensive calves. Glucose levels were significantly lower, and RBC and HCT levels were higher in hypotensive calves than non-hypotension calves. Venous pO2 and SO2 were lower and lactate was higher in non-survivor calves than survivor calves. The findings of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.991 (p=0.000, 95% CI=0.962-1.000), sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99% for prediction of mortality at optimum cut off point of 6.7 mmol/L propound the lactate as best prognostic indicator. Conclusion: Mortality rate in hypotensive calves is higher than nonhypotensive calves. Our findings indicated that tissue hypoxia is the strongest determinant of mortality in septic calves. Blood lactate levels with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of %99 at cut-off point of 6.7 mmol/L is the best prognostic indicator to differentiate between survivor and non-survivor calves with sepsis.

Oocyte recovery and comparison of maturation rates of different quality oocytes in cattle

Fatma Satılmış, Mehmet Güler — 2021-03-01

Aim: The aim of the presented study; oocyte number and quality obtained from bovine ovaries procured from abattoir and evaluation of the relationship between different quality oocyte maturation rate for in vitro embryo production. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 370 ovaries were transported with 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride containing 100,000 IU penicilin-streptomycin and brought to the laboratory within 2-4 hours. 40 of the ovaries were not used in the study due to their cyst and adhesion nature. 1894 oocytes were obtained from the remaining 330 ovaries by aspiration method. The quality of the obtained oocytes was evaluated as A, B, C and D quality according to the cytoplasm density and the distribution of the cumulus cells around the oocyte. 1384 of them, A and B quality, were left to maturation with a commercial maturation medium (BO-IVM,Bioscience, UK)at 38.8 °C with atmospheric O₂ at s5.5% CO₂ for 24 hours. Results: With the aspiration method, including 800 A, 584 B, 450 C and 60 D quality a total of 1894 oocytes were obtained. In addition, it was determined that the number of 2.42 A, 1.76 B, 1.36 C and 0.18 D per ovary was reduced. Only A and B quality oocytes were used for maturation. The maturation rate was determined as 90.3% in A quality oocytes and 83.3% in B quality oocytes (p?0.01). The total maturation rate of the study was determined as 87.4%. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that maturation rates change according to oocyte quality and maturation rates reduce with the decrease in quality. Therefore, it was concluded that it is necessary to evaluate the oocyte quality before maturation.

The importance of venous blood gas findings and clinical scores in calves with bovine respiratory disease complex

Merve İder, Mehmet Maden — 2021-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of bacteriological factors in the etiology of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRD) on the clinical scores and blood gases. Materials and Methods: The animal material of the study consisted of 28 calves with BRD (experimental group) and 10 healthy calves (control group), aged between 60-120 days. Calves with BRD were divided into three sub-groups depending on the microbiological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Mannheimia haemolytica (n:6), Pasteurella multocida (n:10) and Mycoplasma bovis (n:12). All calves were scored based on the Wisconsin (WI) score system. Blood gases were measured in venous blood samples. Results: All clinical scores were found to be higher (p <0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group. The clinical course of the disease was found to be more severe in M. haemolytica and P. multocida groups than in the M. bovis group (p <0.05). In all experimental groups, pCO₂ level was high, the pO₂ and sO₂ levels were low (p<0.05). Cl level was lower and HCO₃ level was higher (p <0.05) in P. multocida group compared to control and M. haemolytica groups, BEefc and BE levels were found to be higher (p <0.05) in P. multocida group compared to all groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that changes in blood gases and acid-base balance in BRD calves are associated with metabolic compensation of respiratory problems, and according to the clinical scores, M. haemolytica and P. multocida infections had a more severe course.

Morphological investigation of the plexus sacralis and the plexus lumbalis in the Common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

Beste Demirci, Murat Erdem Gültiken — 2021-03-01

Aim: This research was carried out to investigate the lumbar and the sacral plexuses of the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is the native bird. Materials and Methods: In the study, 5 female and 5 male pheasants were used. Pheasants were examined macroscopically and morphologically by routine fixation (10% formalin) and dissection method. Nomina Anatomica Avium (1993) was used to avoid confusion arising from naming in the study. Results: The synsacral spinal segments were examined as a whole due to the presence of synsacrum, when examining the plexus lumbalis and plexus sacralis. Generally, it was observed that the plexus lumbalis was shaped by the ventral branches of the 2-4th synsacral spinal nerves. Plexus sacralis was observed to be in the caudal of the plexus lumbalis and it was determined that it consisted of the ventral branches of the 4-8th synsacral spinal segments. Conclusion: As a result, the synsacral spinal nerves involved in the formation of the plexus lumbalis and plexus sacralis in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and the nerves emerging from these plexuses were examined in detail. Similarities and differences between avian species were revealed.

Clinical and radiological comparison of the application of bone plates on the lateral and dorsal side of the os ilium in the treatment of corpus ossis ilium fractures in cats

Nuriza Zamirbekova, Elgin Orçum Uzunlu, Birol Özdil, Mustafa Arıcan — 2021-03-01

Aim: In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological results in the post-operative period by placing LC-DCP or reconstruction plates on the dorsal and lateral of the fracture line in cases of corpus ossis ilium fractures in cats. Materials and Methods: The study material consist 14 cats with different breed, gender and age. Plate osteosynthesis was applied to the dorsal of the corpus ossis ilium in 7 cats with an ilium fracture, and laterally to the other 7 cats. In total, a 1.5 mm reconstruction plate was used in 8 cases, and a 1.5 and 2.0 mm LC-DCP plate was used in 6 cases. A locked lack screw of 2.0/16 mm and 2.0/14 mm was used in 2 cases with sacroiliac luxation. Results: Lateral application was easy when the fracture line was in the cranial part of the corpus ossis ilium. Dorsal application was more difficult due to the anatomical structure of the os ilium. During the study, preoperative hemothorax in 3 cases, pnömothorax and lung contusion in 1 case, constipation in 4 of 14 cases, urinary bladder problem in 4 cases, numbness and paraplegia in the tail in 3 cases were observed postoperatively. Conclusion: As a result, no difference was observed between the post-operative clinical and radiological results of placing LC-DCP or reconstruction plates on the dorsal and lateral of the bone. Because of the locked plate and screws kept the fracture fragments more rigid, no screw loosening was observed in both methods.

Effects of balanced powder food cooked for different cooking times on preference, digestibility and stool quality in dogs

2021-03-01

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of balanced powdered food prepared at different cooking times on preference rate, digestibility and stool quality in dogs. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult Golden Retriever dogs (3-4 years old) were used. In digestibility trials, 10 dogs were divided into two groups according to their live weights. Food mixed with water and cooked daily. The first group (n=5) was given food cooked for 15min, the other (n=5) for 30min. Determination of digestibility by acid insoluble ash method was carried out for 9 days (5d acclimatization, 4d stool collection). Stool scoring was performed by 4 different researchers before collection. Dry matter contents were determined by taking samples from the feces of dogs. Twopan preference test was also performed. This test was carried out for 12 days and 16 dogs were used. Preference rates were determined by giving 15min and 30min cooked foods at the same time. Results: Dry matter digestibility of the groups consuming powder foods cooked for 15min and 30min were 74.12% and 77.96% respectively. Organic matter digestibilities were 79.23% and 83.49% respectively (p> 0.05). Food cooked for 15min was preferred 51%, and 30min was preferred as 49% (p> 0.05). The stool consistency score and stool dry matter of the dog group that consumed the food cooked for 15min were 3.97 and 36.52% respectively; In the group that consumed the food cooked for 30min were 4.07 and 38.84% respectively (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Cooking time has a significant effect on digestibility parameters in dogs, cooking for 15min is sufficient for the food used in this study. It has been determined that the prepared powdered formula has high digestibility. New studies need to be made by preparing different types of food and diets on the subject of natural dog feeding.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infected neonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis

2021-03-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infected neonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis. Materials and Methods: 5-20 days old 20 diarrheic neonatal calves were used as material in this study. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made by microscopic examination and ELISA test. Calves shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts between 4 x 10⁴ and 15 x 10⁶ per gram in feces were included in the study. Hemogram and blood gases were measured at the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment. A single dose of 6 mg/kg body weight of gamithromycin was administered subcutaneously. Drug efficacy was assessed by evaluating the existence of diarrhea, oocyst shedding and body condition from day 1 to 5. Results: On 5^th day, the medicated 6 calves had no oocysts, and number of oocysts in feces had been decreased in 11 calves on 5th day. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the blood values at the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment. Conclusion: It has been determined that based on both clinical improvement and decrease in oocyst count in feces, gamithromycin was found to have moderate effect in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in naturally infected neonatal calves.

Diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis by immunohistochemistry and histopathology methods: A case report based on diagnostic approach

Mehmet Burak Ateş, Gökhan Akçakavak, Zeynep Çelik, Özgür Özdemir — 2021-03-01

Aim: In this study the case of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has been identified as histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) in a 6-month-old male domestic shorthair cat. In necropsy, the abdominal cavity contained a significant volume of yellow liquid and granular fibrinous exudate was seen on the liver, serosa of intestines, and peritoneum. Microscopically, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrin exudation, consisting mainly of macrophage, lymphocyte and plasma cells, were determined around small and medium-sized vessels in the tunica serosa layer of the intestines. Many granulomatous foci of various sizes, with or without necrosis, were found in the liver, spread to the parenchyma. In methyl green pyronin staining, plasma cells were found to be the majority of the inflammatory cells present in lesions. In IHC staining with specific antibodies against the agent, immunopositivity was obtained in granulomatous lesions in the serosa layer of the intestines and less frequently in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. Immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages in the liver, around both pyrogranulomas and granulomas. It was concluded that this case of FIP, when all findings are evaluated together, may have started as a dry form, and turned into a wet form in the terminal period.