Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences - 2022; 38(2)

Investigation of the effıciency of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) Peel extract on herpes simplex virus-1

Irmak Dik, Hatice Pelin Aslım — 2022-06-01

Aim: This study, it was aimed to determine the antiviral activity of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) extract on HSV-1 in vitro. Materials and Methods: Before evaluating the antiviral efficacy, the cytotoxic activity of different concentrations of pomegranate peel extract diluted with distilled water in Vero cell culture was determined. It was determined that this cell culture did not cause cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.87 mg/ mL. Antiviral efficacy was determined by cytopathogenic effect (CPE) after the MTT test and microscopic analysis. Results: It was determined that pomegranate peel extract had significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 at concentrations between 0.87 mg/mL and 0.87x2-5mg/mL. This effect may have been achieved by preventing the virus from entering the cell. Conclusion: It was thought that pomegranate peel extract has antiviral activity against HSV-1 in vitro, and in line with the results obtained, in vivo trials are needed to determine the antiviral activity of Punica granatum L. extract in more detail. In addition, a precise determination of the effectiveness of Punica granatum L. Extract against Herpes viruses and other viruses will contribute to antiviral drug trials in the future.

Use of the CONSORT-AI protocol in reporting artificial intelligence applications in clinical trials

Mustafa Agah Tekindal, Melike Tekindal, Mert Demirsöz, Zeynep Özel — 2022-06-01

Aim: Artificial intelligence has begun to be used in many branches of science, including medicine, with the development of technology in the 21st century. However, these studies are reported outside of a certain standard and this situation causes the studies to have a complex structure. Reporting the research results in accordance with international standards will make meaningful contributions to the process of understanding, interpreting and critically evaluating the research in question. CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials- Artificial Intelligence) is a reporting protocol that has become widespread in medicine and health due to the rapidly increasing number of artificial intelligence applications. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate whether the CONSORT-AI protocol, which was adapted into Turkish, was correctly understood by the researchers. Materials and Methods: 22 articles selected from TR Index journals were evaluated by the authors who were in the evaluator position with the CONSORT-AI protocol, and the evaluation results were tested with interauthor agreement analysis. Results: The obtained findings showed that the agreement between raters was statistically significant. However, in the studies examined, no article was found that fully observes the principles in the CONSORT-AI protocol. Conclusion: It is expected that the study will contribute to information professionals working in the field of medicine and health, researchers related to the subject, and editors and referees who are in the position of evaluating research by drawing attention to the principles to be followed in artificial intelligence-oriented research outputs.

Technical and economic comparison of Charolais, Limousine and Hereford cattle imported from different countries

Mehmet Fidancı, Savaş Sarıözkan, Kaan İşcan — 2022-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare the Charolais, Limousine and Hereford cattle imported from France, Hungary and Uruguay in terms of technical and economic side in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In the research, technical and economic data of 6-7 months old, Charolais, Limousine and Hereford breeds cattle imported from Hungary, France and Uruguay were used. Data of total of 180 animals, 30 heads from each country and breed, which were fattened for 6 months analyzed. The fattening animals were weighed at 30-day intervals, and their total and daily live weight gains and feed conversion ratio were determined and their performances were compared. In the economic analysis, comparisons were made in terms of total cost, live weight gain income and profit, according to the imported countries and basis of breed. Results: While there is no difference in terms of performance on the basis of race (p>0.05), according to the imported countries, it was determined that French-origin Charolais and Limousines were provided significantly more daily live weight gain than those of Hungarian origin (p<0.05). There was no difference in terms of economic side on the basis of country and race (p>0.05). Conclusion: Under Turkey conditions, in terms of fattening performance and profitability, there was no difference between the examined breeds, in the country level analyzes, it was determined that the French origin Charolais and Limousines provides more GCAAs than those of Hungarian origin. If only one choice is needed, it is thought that French Limousines will be more beneficial in technical and economic side.

Detection and molecular characterization of mastadenoviruses in calves with respiratory system infection

İlke Karayel Hacıoğlu, Selda Duran Yelken, Feray Alkan — 2022-06-01

Aim: Bovine adenovirus (BAdV) is one of the viral agents that causes respiratory illness in cattle, along with numerous other viral agents. Although the prevalence of BAdV has been determined by serological studies conducted in our country, there are limited data on the detection of BAdVs in respiratory system samples, and there is no study on their molecular characterization. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize BAdVs of the Mastadenovirus genus. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 64 nasal swabs and one lung sample from 65 cattle of different ages with respiratory system disease symptoms were used. After the extraction of viral DNA, they were tested by PCR using primers targeting the hexon gene region and the expected size of amplicons were sequenced. Results: According to the PCR results, three samples were found positive and the positivity rate was detected as 4.6%. Out of positive samples, two were able to be sequenced and one clustered in the BAdV-2 serotype while the other was grouped in the BAdV-3 serotype. Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that BAdVs are contributing agents in respiratory system infection in our country. Also, this is the first study reporting the molecular characterization of BAdV-2 and BAdV-3 in calves with respiratory system infection in Turkey.

The effects of bisphenol A injected into egg yolk on skeletal muscle development in chicken

Yasemin Öznurlu, Tuğba Özaydın, Emrah Sur, Tansu Kuşat — 2022-06-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine of the effects of in ovo administered BPA on embryonic development skeletal muscle using histological methods in chickens.

Survey of four important viruses causing abortion in cattle in Aegean Region

2022-06-01

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of Bovine herpesvirus- 1 (BHV-1), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), , Akabane virus (AKAV) and pestivirus in cattle abortion cases in the Aegean Region of Turkey between 2015 and 2019. Materials and Methods: In this study, 204 bovine abortions that occurred in the Aegean region of Turkey between the years 2015 and 2019 were investigated. While BHV-1, SBV, and pestivirus were examined with real-time PCR, AKAV was examined with nested-PCR. Results: In our study, 25 (12.3%) of the samples analyzed were positive for pestiviruses, 1 (0.5%) was positive for Akabane, and 1 (0.5%) was positive for BHV-1. SBV was not detected. According to these results, the viral agent causing most abortions in the Aegean region was found to be pestivirus. The most abortion-related material was sent to the lab in 2018, followed by 2019, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, future evaluations should consider the cattle abortion agents detected in the Aegean region, and control and monitoring studies should be established.

Comparison of physical meat quality properties of young and spent female quail of different genetic stock

Metin Petek,İbrahima Mahamane Abdourhamane, Sena Ardıçlı — 2022-06-01

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the physical meat quality properties of young and spent female quail of different genetic lines. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 random samples of fresh breast and leg meat of young and spent female quails from four genetic stock as pure line Paharaoh strain (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh, wild type), recessive white (white) variety of Pharaoh quail, the yellow and black colored cross-line quails obtained by crossing Bob White quail (Colinus virginianus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Results: There was significant effect of quail age on breast and leg meat pH (p<0.008, p<0.001) and a significant genotype effect was determined on leg meat pH (p<0.01). The water holding capacity of breast meat was significantly affected by genetic stock and slaughter age (p<0.001, p<0.019). The genetic stock had significant effects on the lightness and chroma values of leg and breast meat of quail (p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, black colored cross-line variety of quail and young birds had greater values of most meat quality characteristics than the other birds.

The effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on pregnancy rates in Kangal sheep during the breeding season

Mehmet Buğra Kıvrak, Abdurrahman Takcı, Bora Bölükbaş, Murat Yüksel — 2022-06-01

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of parenteral vitamin (?-carotene and vitamin E) and trace element (selenium, manganese, copper, zinc) applications on pregnancy rates in Kangal ewes synchronized during the breeding season. Materials and Methods: The presented study was carried out with 200 Kangal ewe. The animals included in the study were randomly divided into four equal groups. Prostaglandin (PGF-2?) injections were administered to all groups with an interval of 11 days. Before synchronization, a combination of ?-carotene and vitamin E was applied to the one group and a combination of trace elements (selenium, manganese, copper, zinc) to the other group. To determine the effect of these micronutrients, both vitamin and trace elements combinations were applied to the 4th group. In contrast, the 1st group was accepted as the control group, and no treatment was given. Rams were introduced to all groups 48 hours following the last PGF-2? administration. Pregnancy diagnosis was achieved transabdominally by ultrasonography on the 35th and 60th days after ram introduction. Results: Pregnancy rates of control, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups at the 35thday examination were 64%, 62%, 50%, and 60%, respectively; pregnancy rates at the 60th-day inspection were 62%, 60%, 50%, and 59%, respectively.. No statistical difference was observed between the control and other groups. Late embryonic death and early fetal death rates were similar between groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that vitamin and mineral supplementation at the beginning of synchronization did not affect fertility, but at least 15 days ago before the onset of synchronization, repeated vitamin and trace element supplementation may increase fertility.

Effect of attenueted parapoxvirus ovis on levels of some serum cytokines and antibody response in sheep

Kamil Atlı, Atilla Şimşek — 2022-06-01

Aim: Parapoxvirus ovis (ORFV) infection is one of important contagious viral diseases of small ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of cytokine and neutralizing antibody in blood serum of sheep that were carried out attenuated orf virus vaccine strain. Materials and Methods: In this study, 10 male Akkaraman sheep which are 6-8 months of age and tested negative for antibodies against ORFV were used. Scarification was applied with 0.5 ml of attenuated ORFV to each animal. Serum samples were obtained from vena jugularis at 0. hour (control) before the inoculation and at the following 6., 12., 24., 48., 72., 96., 120. hours, 7., 14., 21., 30., 60., 90., 120., 150. and 180. days. Neutralizing antibody presence was investigated in obtained serums. In addition, levels of IL-1?, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α from proinflammatory cytokines (Th1) and IL-4 and IL-10 from antiinflammatory cytokines (Th2) were determined by ELISA. Results: ORFV caused fluctiations but no statistically significant change in levels of IL-1β, IL-12, IFNγ, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected compared to control sera (p>0,05), and significant increase in IL-4 level was detected in the 30^th day (p<0,05). As a result of the study, attenuated live ORFV administration and have no effect on levels of some serum cytokine except IL-4 and neutralizing antibodies. Conclusion: It was concluded that the vaccines against ORFV infection considered to be used in the future should be applied after the effects on the immune system have been clearly demonstrated.

Apoptosis in bovine ocular squamouse cell carcinomas

2022-06-01

Aim: Cell death, especially apoptosis, is one of the most studied topics regarding cells. Understanding the mechanism of apoptosis in diseases will help understand the pathogenesis of diseases, as well as the treatment. This study aims to grade the Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) and to evaluate apoptosis in tumors with different anaplastic features. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 formalin-fixed tumor tissues consisting of 10 poorly-differentiated, 10 moderately-differentiated, and 10 well-differentiated tissues were used to examine apoptosis in BOSCCs. Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) was performed for histopathological examination and TUNEL staining was performed for detection of apoptosis in all BOSCCs. Results: It was determined that apoptosis decreased as the malignancy increased in BOSCCs (p<0.001). Although all the tumors examined were malignant, apoptosis, i.e. controlled cell death, was found to be severe in well-differentiated type and mild in moderate and poorly-differentiated types. Conclusion: It was concluded that this case observed in bovines should be considered in studies on the pathogenesis of cancer and treatment.