| 2025, Cilt 41, e0459 |
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| Current Comparison of the Efficacy Vero And BHK-21 Cell Lines in the Isolation of Chlamydia Abortus |
| Emine Eda Toslak1, Beatriz Padron1, Oguzhan Denizli1, Aysegul Ilban2, Asli Balevi1, Zafer Sayin1, Osman Erganis1 |
| 1Selcuk University, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Konya, Türkiye 2Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Ordu, Türkiye |
| Keywords: C. abortus, Cell Culture, Isolation, Public Healthcare, Zoonotic |
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Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacterium and a
significant zoonotic agent associated with abortion storms, particularly in small
ruminants. Due to its intracellular lifestyle, conventional isolation is limited,
necessitating specialized protocols. This study aimed to develop and evaluate
an optimized isolation method for C. abortus by comparing the efficacy of three
different cell lines: Vero, monolayer BHK-21 (m-BHK-21), and suspended BHK-
21 (s-BHK-21). Samples were collected from PCR-positive materials, including a
calf ?s stomach content, sheep vaginal swab, lamb fetal liver, and calf fetal liver. Each
sample was inoculated into the three cell lines. Cell cultures were monitored using
an inverted microscope equipped with a trinocular imaging system. Stamp staining
and conventional PCR were employed for initial and intermediate detection.
Final confirmation of C. abortus presence was performed via Stamp staining and
quantitative analysis using Real-Time PCR. Bacterial growth was quantified using a
cell counter, leveraging the bacterium?s gram-negative staining properties. Isolation
was successful across all cell lines using the calf stomach content sample, whereas
the remaining samples yielded positive results in only one cell type. Among the
tested lines, s-BHK-21 demonstrated superior performance, producing the highest
bacterial load (4.7×10? cells/mL). A 94-fold increase in viable cell count was observed
from initial inoculation to the final harvest. The s-BHK-21 cell line is recommended
as the most effective platform for C. abortus isolation, providing enhanced bacterial
yield and reduced processing time. Its application may improve diagnostic accuracy
and facilitate further research into C. abortus pathogenesis and control strategies.
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