Ornithobacterium rhınotracheale is a patogenic agent causing respiratory disease especially in turkeys and chickens. This agent has first isolated in South Africa and classified as a new species in rRNA superfamity V with the name "Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale" in 1994. In this review, the pathogenicity, isolation, identification and diagnosis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was briefly reported.